When training young people for working professions, secondary vocational education institutions play a significant role. Oddly enough, in the modern world there is insufficient training of practitioners. The shortage of workers can be compensated by initial vocational training, the level of which increases over time thanks to the use of high technology.

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Key priorities

Refund shortage of workers helps secondary vocational(SPO). Professions of primary vocational education, which were previously considered not prestigious, have become in demand today. This is due to the lack of technical specialists. Primary vocational education institutions that train mid-level personnel are becoming popular, their ratings are constantly increasing. Young people are trained in 280 specialties, and this list is constantly growing with the advent of new technologies.

Where can I get a profession?

Available to applicants educational institutions of primary and advanced levels. What applies to primary vocational education. These are mainly secondary specialized educational institutions (colleges).

Varieties:

• technical schools, where students receive basic professional knowledge and skills;
• colleges – offer an advanced level of training, often opening at universities. Training is conducted using in-depth programs; upon completion, students can continue their studies to obtain a higher education;
• or vocational schools allow you to receive initial vocational education, the educational process here is built according to individual plans.

Upon completion of the secondary vocational education, students receive an NPO diploma with the qualification of “entry-level specialist”. Organizations with in-depth teaching assign the qualification of “junior specialist”.

Modern standards

What is entry level education? As already mentioned, NGOs are provided by lyceums and vocational schools (interpretation: vocational technical school). They are quite in demand: according to the latest data, up to one and a half million people study there. Vocational school graduates receive not only an NPO diploma, but also additional rights:

Upon completion of your studies, you can optionally

1. Continue studying at a college or technical school according to a shortened program that includes previously studied areas.
2. Get a secondary education, but first you will have to pass state certification.
3. Enter university.

Schools provide vocational training, they give a minimum of theory and a maximum of practice, teach working professions.

Advanced standards

Who decided to become competent mid-level specialist in a certain field or production, you must enter a technical school or college. They provide theoretical knowledge combined with some practical training. In Russia there are 2.5 thousand similar establishments, in which they study up to 2.3 million people. Students receive the “specialist” qualification through the introduction of special subjects with in-depth study into the program, the availability of professional practice and the introduction of an additional specialty, which is acquired in parallel with the main one. The level of training is as close as possible to higher education institutions according to criteria such as:

• number of teaching hours;
• the presence of a test and examination system;
• practice of writing term papers and dissertations.

Unlike universities, requirements in colleges are more lenient Therefore, colleges and technical schools are considered the initial stage of higher education. They prepare students for successful entry into their specialty immediately into the second year of university. After graduation, students are given the opportunity to continue their studies at the university according to a shortened program. Graduates enjoy various benefits when entering the university to which their college is affiliated. Advanced students combine their studies with their chosen job (for example, while studying at a medical school they work as a nurse in a clinic). This is a significant plus.

Admission

Who has the opportunity to enroll in secondary specialized educational institutions and under what conditions? This right is granted to:

• applicants who have received incomplete or basic secondary education;
• persons with primary vocational education. Moreover, this category receives the right to enter without entrance exams.

Before admission, you must provide the admissions committee with a package of documents:

• originals of certificates of incomplete (complete) secondary education;
• photo 3 by 4 cm in the amount of 4 pieces;
• photocopy of passport or birth certificate.

Additional admission conditions:

• the applicant may be asked to undergo an interview;
• in the event that there are more applicants for admission than there are available places, testing is carried out in basic school subjects;
• Many institutions hold a competition for average school certificate scores.

As for colleges and technical schools, admission to them is carried out based on the results of entrance exams, often taking into account the average score of the certificate.

Important! The main condition for the provision of educational services is the presence of a license. Therefore, when entering an educational institution, try to make sure that such a document is available and its validity has not expired.

What benefits are provided?

As in any other educational institutions, when entering a college or vocational school there is list of benefits which applicants can take advantage of:

• children from other cities receive the right to live in a dormitory;
• out of competition, children of preferential categories are accepted for training: disabled people, orphans under guardianship and others.

Worth paying attention method of submitting documents. For the convenience of applicants, especially those e Those who live far enough from an educational institution today have the opportunity to submit documents via Internet technologies. To do this, you just need to fill out a form and submit copies of documents. Originals can be brought upon admission.

Features of training

Secondary vocational education can be obtained using the following forms:

• full-time;
• correspondence

Diploma of completion of NPO issued after 2–3 years if you entered after completing nine grades, and after 1–3 years if you first received basic education (11 grades at school). The timing also depends on the chosen specialty.

Important! For ninth-graders, the period of study at college and technical school is 3–4 years, and for all others – up to three years.

Advantages of correspondence form

The opinion of many applicants who believe that distance learning entails many unnecessary problems. Quite the contrary, this form of training opens up many opportunities. In addition, it will be possible to study by combining study with work. Many institutions practice online training. It’s quite simple: having received certain tasks and recommendations, you need to complete them and send the answers and completed tasks to the teacher electronically. You will only need to visit the institution during the exam period.

Extramural studies involves first receiving secondary education. In this case, the student undergoes professional practice throughout the entire course of study: he increases the level of knowledge in his specialty and at the same time gains experience. This is highly valued by employers.

Primary and secondary vocational education

What should modern vocational education be like?

Conclusion

Having become familiar with the information about what initial vocational training is and how NGOs differ from other institutions, it will be much easier for applicants to decide on the implementation of their requests and achieve their goals. If you plan to further study in higher educational institutions, it means priority should be given to college. We advise you to choose educational institutions that are under the patronage of the relevant universities.

Technical professions can be obtained at a lyceum or vocational school. As for humanitarian specialties (accountant or teacher), it is better to choose a college. Which educational institution is more suitable is up to you to decide.

06/21/2018 · Comments: 0 ·

What is the difference between a profession and a specialty?

If you do not fully understand the difference between professions and specialties of secondary vocational education, then you have come to the right page. Let's tell it in simple words.

For decades, our country has had a vocational education system that included three levels:

1. Primary vocational education (schools and vocational lyceums)
2. Secondary vocational education (technical schools and colleges)
3. Higher professional education (institutes, universities, academies)

Everything was simple and clear. You choose the desired level of education and submit documents to the appropriate educational institution.

The Federal Law “On Education”, which came into force in 2013, excluded such a level as primary vocational education. The NGO level has disappeared. Schools were transformed into technical schools.

There was confusion. When applying to a technical school or college, people do not always understand what level of education they are offered to receive there.

Now in colleges and technical schools you can get education at two levels:

1. Skilled worker. A student studying at this level receives profession. This is exactly the level of education that was previously provided in schools. A working profession and nothing more. It will not be possible to occupy even minor leadership positions with such an education.
2. Mid-level specialist. After graduating from a technical school or college, such a student will receive speciality. This is the level of education that was previously called secondary specialized or technical school.

When you are applying to a college or technical school and are unsure about the level of education offered to you in the program of study, simply ask:

Is this a profession or specialty?

If you get the answer that this is a profession, then this is the school level. If this is a specialty, then this is a higher level of education, which is preferable.

Still have questions? Ask in the comments.

MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND SCIENCE OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

ORDER of September 28, 2009 N 354 ON APPROVAL OF THE LIST OF SPECIALTIES OF PRIMARY VOCATIONAL EDUCATION

In accordance with paragraph 5.2.2 of the Regulations on the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation, approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of June 15, 2004 N 280 (Collected Legislation of the Russian Federation, 2004, N 25, Art. 2562; 2005, N 15, Art. 1350; 2006, art. 2990, art. 3938; ), I order:

• Approve the attached List of professions of primary vocational education (hereinafter referred to as the List).

Establish that:

• The list is applied from January 1, 2010 for admission to basic professional educational programs of initial vocational education, implemented in accordance with federal state educational standards;
• Training of persons enrolled before January 1, 2010 for training in basic educational programs of primary vocational education, implemented in accordance with state educational standards, in professions provided for in the List of professions of primary vocational education, approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of December 8, 1999 N 1362 (Collection of Legislation of the Russian Federation, 1999, No. 51, Art. 6339), is carried out in accordance with the specified standards until completion of training.
• Control over the implementation of this order is entrusted to Deputy Minister I.I. Kalina.