Anne Frank

Shelter. Diary in letters

© 1947 by Otto H. Frank, renewed 1974

© 1982, 1991, 2001 by The Anne Frank-Fonds, Basel, Switzerland

© “Text”, edition in Russian, 2015

History of this book

Anne Frank kept a diary from June 12, 1942 to August 1, 1944. At first she wrote her letters only for herself - until the spring of 1944, when she heard on the Oranje radio a speech by Bolkestein, the Minister of Education in the Dutch government in exile. The minister said that after the war, all evidence of the suffering of the Dutch people during the German occupation should be collected and published. For example, among other evidence, he named diaries. Impressed by this speech, Anna decided after the war to publish a book, the basis of which was to serve as her diary.

She began to rewrite and rework her diary, making corrections, crossing out passages that did not seem very interesting to her, and adding others from memory. At the same time, she continued to keep the original diary, which in the 1986 scientific publication is called version “a”, in contrast to version “b” - the revised, second diary. Anna's last entry is dated August 1, 1944. On August 4, eight people hiding were arrested by the Green Police.

On the same day, Miep Heath and Bep Voskuijl hid Anna's notes. Miep Heath kept them in a drawer of her desk, and when it finally became clear that Anna was no longer alive, she gave the diary, without reading it, to Otto H. Frank, Anna's father.

Otto Frank, after much deliberation, decided to fulfill the will of his late daughter and publish her notes in the form of a book. To do this, from both Anna’s diaries - the original one (version “a”) and the one revised by herself (version “b”) - he compiled an abbreviated version “c”. The diary was supposed to be published in a series, and the volume of text was set by the publishing house.

The book came out of print in 1947. At that time, it was not yet customary to casually touch on sexual topics, especially in books addressed to young people. Another important reason why entire fragments and some wording were not included in the book was that Otto Frank did not want to harm the memory of his wife and fellow prisoners in the Vault. Anne Frank kept a diary from the age of thirteen to fifteen and in these notes she expressed her antipathies and indignation as openly as her sympathies.

Otto Frank died in 1980. He officially bequeathed the original diary of his daughter to the State Institute of Military Archives in Amsterdam. Since doubts about the authenticity of the diary have constantly arisen since the fifties, the institute subjected all records to thorough research. Only after their authenticity was established beyond any doubt were the diaries, along with the research results, published. The study examined, among other things, family relationships, facts surrounding the arrest and deportation, the ink and paper used for the letter, and Anne Frank's handwriting. This relatively voluminous work also contains information about all publications of the diary.

The Anne Frank Foundation in Basel, which, as Otto Frank's general heir, also inherited the copyright of his daughter, decided to undertake a new edition on the basis of all existing texts. This does not in any way diminish the importance of the editorial work carried out by Otto Frank - work that contributed to the wide distribution of the book and its political resonance. The new edition was published under the editorship of writer and translator Miriam Pressler. At the same time, Otto Frank’s edition was used without abbreviations and was only supplemented with excerpts from versions “a” and “b”. The text, presented by Miriam Pressler and approved by the Anne Frank Foundation in Basel, is a quarter larger in length than the previously published version and aims to give the reader a deeper insight into the inner world of Anne Frank.

In 1998, five previously unknown diary pages were discovered. With the permission of the Anne Frank Foundation in Basel, a long excerpt has been added in this edition to the existing entry dated 8 February 1944. At the same time, a short version of the entry dated June 20, 1942 is not included in this edition, since the diary already includes a more detailed entry dated that date. In addition, in accordance with the latest findings, the dating has been changed: the entry dated November 7, 1942 is now assigned to October 30, 1943.

When Anne Frank wrote her second version (“b”), she decided what pseudonyms she would give to which person. She first wanted to call herself Anna Aulis, then Anna Robin. Otto Frank did not use these pseudonyms, but kept his real surname, but other characters were called pseudonyms, as his daughter wanted. The assistants, who are now known to everyone, deserve to have their real names also preserved in the book; the names of all others correspond to the scientific publication. In cases where a person himself wishes to remain anonymous, State Institute designated it by randomly chosen initials.

These are the real names of the people hiding with the Frank family.

Van Pels family (from Osnabrück): Augusta (born September 29, 1890), Hermann (born March 31, 1889), Peter (born November 9, 1929); Anna named them Petronella, Hans and Alfred Van Daan, in this edition – Petronella, Hermann and Peter Van Daan.

Fritz Pfeffer (b. 1889 in Giessen) and Anna herself, and in this book is named Albert Dussel.

Anne Frank's Diary

I hope that I can trust you with everything, as I have never trusted anyone before, and I hope that you will be a great support for me.

All this time, both you and Kitty, to whom I now write regularly, have been a great support to me. I find journaling this way much more enjoyable, and now I can't wait to write.

Oh, how glad I am that I took you with me!

I’ll start with how I received you, that is, how I saw you on the table among the gifts (because they bought you in front of me, but that doesn’t count).

On Friday, June 12, I woke up at six o’clock, and this is quite understandable - after all, it was my birthday. But it was impossible to get up at six in the morning, so I had to restrain my curiosity until a quarter to seven. I couldn’t stand it any longer, I went to the dining room, where Moortier, our cat, met me and began to caress me.

At the beginning of eight, I went to my dad and mom, and then to the living room to unwrap gifts, and the very first I saw you, probably one of the most best gifts. There was also a bouquet, two peonies. Dad and mom gave me a blue blouse board game, a bottle of grape juice, which, in my opinion, smells like wine (wine is made from grapes), a puzzle, a jar of cream, two and a half guilders and a coupon for two books. Then they gave me another book, “Camera Obscura,” but Margot already had one, and I replaced it, a plate of homemade cookies (I baked them myself, of course, because I’m great at baking cookies now), a lot of sweets, and a strawberry cake from moms. A letter from grandma arrived the same day, but this, of course, was an accident.

Shining eyes, with an eternal grin in the corners, black flowing hair and a charming smile. This girl could be 90 years old today. Could...

Running away...

Anne Frank's childhood began with an escape. At the age of 4, she and her family fled from Frankfurt am Main to Amsterdam. In Weimar Germany, where Anna was born, the National Socialists won the elections in 1933. Hitler came to power, and life in his native Frankfurt became dangerous and impossible.

Anna's family was from among the assimilated Jews. Father, Otto Frank, was a retired officer, engaged in science, and owned one of the best libraries in Germany. His wife, Edith, took care of the house and raising their daughters. The eldest girl, Margot, was born into the Frank family in 1926, and three years later baby Anna appeared.

The Franks did not wait for them to come for them. First, Otto went to the Netherlands. He settled in Amsterdam and found a job - he became a director joint stock company"Opecta", engaged in the production of spices, additives for jams and food additives. Then his wife moved out to him, leaving the girls in the care of their grandmother, and then, when Otto and Edith settled into life, they took their daughters too.

Until 1940, life in the Netherlands was wonderful and calm. The country had signed a neutrality agreement with Germany, and the Jews had hope that they could be safe here.

Anne Frank was first identified as kindergarten at a Montessori school, and then she entered the first grade of this educational institution. From an early age, the girl showed a talent for literature and languages, and her teachers adored her.

When in 1940 she had to leave school and go to the Jewish Lyceum, class teacher I cried, but I couldn’t do anything.

1940

Contrary to the neutrality treaty, Germany occupied the Netherlands in 1940, immediately beginning to implement its rules here. At first, Jews were not arrested, but a number of restrictions were established. There were so many of them that it seemed that the Jews could not even breathe.

All Jews were forced to sew yellow stars on their chests, were forbidden to visit theaters, cinemas, go to museums, baths, swimming pools, restaurants and cafes, go out after 20.00, ride public transport, use bicycles, cars, even their own. Jewish children were prohibited from studying in classes with other children.

Then the arrests began...

Anne Frank's Diary

On her thirteenth birthday, Anne Frank asked her father for a gift of a thick, beautiful autograph album that was locked with a small padlock. She fell in love with it at first sight and immediately decided that she would keep her diary in it.

At first, Anna described in her diary her class, her friends, her first love and her first experiences about this. She kept it only for herself. But gradually, imperceptibly, a completely different reality began to break into the girl’s story.

Anna dreamed of being an actress and therefore did not miss a single premiere before the war - now the new regime forbade Jews from attending cinemas. She loved visiting cafes with friends - but in the end there were only two such cafes left from which they were not kicked out. It was very difficult for her to study because she had to walk to class. And if after school you also had to run to the dentist, then it was a total disaster - your legs would fall off from fatigue in the evening, because you had to walk everywhere. That's when Anna truly appreciated the charm of the tram.

But one day even such a life became inaccessible to Anna. In July 1941, the doorbell to the Franks' apartment rang and they handed two Gestapo summonses - addressed to Otto and Margot Frank.

And the head of the family gave the command: to the shelter.

Asylum

He's been preparing it for a month now. Otto Frank saw, felt, understood that the ring around the Jews was shrinking, and a decision had to be made on how to escape. The building where the Opecta company office was located stood above the canal. House 263 Prinsengracht embankment. All houses of this type had a front and a back. The interior parts of the houses above the canals were most often empty, as they were not very convenient to use. This is the back part that Otto Frank decided to use as a shelter. Two of his friends from the company helped in arranging the interior. Entrance door the interior apartments were disguised as a filing cabinet.

Anne Frank in her diary describes in detail the room where they now had to live. Together with the Franks, four more of their Jewish friends began to take refuge here. Only eight people. Anna and Margot had one room for two. The concrete gray walls looked very dull, but fortunately Otto took with him a bunch of all sorts of photographs and postcards of his girls' star idols. Together they hung them on the walls and the room became much more cheerful.

The windows had to be covered with thick curtains. No one from the outside world should suspect that anyone is in these empty premises.

Anne Frank in her diary describes in detail how they learned to speak quietly, how poor Margot, who had a cold, was given codeine to the point of insanity in order to muffle her cough. Sometimes at night, very, very rarely, they would sneak out of their hiding place to sneak into their father's office and listen to the radio of the free world.

On one of these forays, this was already at the beginning of 1944, she heard a speech by the Minister of Education of the Netherlands, who was in evacuation. He called on all citizens of the country to save their notes, diaries - any documents that could become evidence of suffering at the hands of the Nazis.

Hearing this, Anne Frank began to rewrite her diary. She decided to write a book based on her diary entries. They were constructed in the form of a letter to his imaginary friend Kitty. This form allowed the girl to write about everything that she considered important.

When rewriting, Anna deleted some pieces, and added some fragments with memories that were important, in her opinion.

Denunciation and arrest

Despite extreme precautions, one of the neighbors found out that some people were hiding in the back of house 263 and reported to the Gestapo. On August 4, 1944, at approximately half past ten in the morning, a car stopped near the front entrance. Four Gestapo men came out and the raid began. Everyone who was in the house, including the Opekta employees who helped the Jews from the shelter, was arrested. Four days later they were all sent first to a transit camp and then to Auschwitz.

Otto was immediately forcibly separated from his family. Edith and the girls stuck together. They fell into the hands of the sadist Josef Mengele. He sent to death all children under 15 years of age. Anne Frank was barely 15. She was not strangled in gas chamber, but they sent me to work that was too much for a child. Exhausting work, hunger and disease took their toll. The girls' mother was the first to die from exhaustion. Margot and Anna held on to each other and to life with all their might.

Soviet army was only 100 km from Auschwitz when the girls were loaded into a carriage and, along with the last stage sent to the Bergen-Benzel concentration camp. In a new place, Margot fell ill with typhus, and soon typhoid fever also struck down Anna.

One April day, Margot lost consciousness and fell from her bunk onto the concrete floor and lay there without help until she died from an electric shock. After the death of her sister, Anna had no strength left to fight for life. She lost interest in her and died just a few days after Margot.

The only person who managed to survive the concentration camp was Otto Frank.

He dedicated the rest of his life to the memory of his family and Anna. His former employee, family friend Miep Heath, found the girl’s diary immediately after the arrest of the Frank family and gave it to her father after the war only when information about Anna’s death in the concentration camp was confirmed.

Anne Frank's diary was published several times. Originally in 1947. Later there were several expanded and expanded editions. Anne Frank's diary became a damning document exposing Nazism.

Now I imagine... I live in Switzerland. I sleep in the same room with dad, and the boys' study room is completely at my disposal, and there I receive guests. And as a surprise to me, this room was fully furnished: a tea table, a desk, a sofa and armchairs. Just a dream! And dad also gave me 150 guilders, in Swiss money, of course, but for convenience I will say “guilders”. I can buy everything I want with them.
(Then he will give me a guilder a week). Bernd and I go shopping and I buy:

3 summer blouses 0.50 each = 1.50
3 pairs of shorts at 0.50 = 1.50
3 winter blouses 0.75 each = 2.25
3 pairs of winter trousers 0.75 = 2.25
2 combinations of 0.50 = 1.00
2 bras ( small size) by 0.50 = 1.00
5 pajamas at 1.00 = 5.00
1 summer robe for 2.50 = 2.50
1 winter robe for 3.00 = 3.00
2 home blouses for 0.75 = 1.50
1 pad at 1.00 = 1.00
1 pair of summer slippers 1.00 = 1.00
1 pair of winter slippers 1.00 = 1.00
1 pair of summer shoes (for school) 1.50 each = 1.50
1 pair of summer shoes (dressy) 2.00 = 2.00
1 pair of winter shoes (for school) 2.50 = 2.50
1 pair of winter shoes (dressy) 3.00 = 3.00
2 aprons of 0.50 = 1.00
25 handkerchiefs at 0.05 = 1.25
4 pairs of silk stockings 0.75 = 3.00
4 pairs of silk socks 0.50 = 2.00
4 pairs of socks 0.25 = 1.00
2 pairs of warm stockings 1.00 = 2.00
3 skeins of white wool (leggings, hat) = 1.50
3 skeins of blue wool (sweater, skirt) = 1.50
3 skeins of motley wool (hat, scarf) = 1.50
scarves, belts, collars, buttons = 1.25

And also 2 summer school dresses, 2 winter school dresses, 2 summer elegant dresses, 2 winter elegant dresses, a summer skirt, an elegant winter skirt, a school winter skirt, a raincoat, a spring coat, winter coat, two hats and two caps.
All together will cost 108 guilders.
2 bags, skate suit. Skates with boots, cosmetic set (powder, nourishing cream, cream under powder, cleansing cream, sun protection ointment, cotton wool, bandages, mascara, lipstick, eyebrow pencil, bath salt, body powder, perfume, soap, powder puff )
3 more blouses for 1.50, 4 blouses, books and sundries for 10.00 and gifts for 4.50.

These are not lines from a woman's novel, but pages from Anne Frank's diary.

The diary of the Dutch girl Anne Frank - one of the most famous and impressive documents about the atrocities of fascism - made her name famous throughout the world.
Anna kept a diary from June 12, 1942 to August 1, 1944. At first she wrote only for herself, until in the spring of 1944 she heard a speech on the radio by the Minister of Education of the Netherlands, Bolkenstein. He said that all the evidence of the Dutch during the occupation period should become public property. Impressed by these words, Anna decided after the war to publish a book based on her diary.
Anna began to rewrite her notes, while she changed something, omitted pieces that seemed uninteresting to her, and added new ones from her memories. Along with this work, she continued to keep the original diary, the last entry of which is dated August 1, 1944. Three days later, on the fourth of August, the eight inhabitants of the Vault were
arrested by German police.
Miep Gies and Bep Voskuijl picked up Anna's notes immediately after her arrest. Miep kept them in the office desk drawer and gave them to the girl’s father, Otto Frank, when Anna’s death became reliably known.
Initially, Frank did not set himself the goal of publishing the diary, but later decided to do so, succumbing to the advice and persuasion of his friends. From the original diary and its second version, he compiled a new abridged version, published in 1947. At that time, it was not customary to speak openly about sexual topics, so Otto Frank did not include the relevant passages in the publication. He also omitted passages in which Anna spoke negatively about her mother and other inhabitants of the Vault. After all, she wrote her diary during a difficult age period - between thirteen and fifteen years - and expressed both likes and dislikes directly and openly.
Otto Frank died in 1980. He bequeathed the original of Anna's diary to the Amsterdam State Institute for Military Documentation. The Institute conducted an investigation that established the undoubted authenticity of the recordings, after which a new version of “Shelter” was published, which is a combination
two Anna's versions. The last publication of the late nineties was supplemented by an entry on February 8, 1944 and some more passages that are still not known to the general public.
In the second version of the diary, Anna gave pseudonyms to all characters, including herself. Otto Frank preserved them partially in the first edition, leaving real names for his family members. In subsequent publications, the true names of the assistants to the inhabitants of the Vault, who by that time had gained worldwide fame, were also preserved. Of the pseudonyms, only Albert Dussel and Augusta, Hermann and Peter Van Daan remained. Their corresponding true names are given below.

Van Pels family
Augusta (b. 29-9-1900), Herman (b. 31-3-1898) and Peter (b.
9-11-1929) The Van Pels are introduced in this book as Petronella, Herman and Peter Van Daan.

Fritz Pfeffer (born 1889) is represented under the pseudonym Albert Dussel.

Monument to Anne Frank in Amsterdam

Anne Frank's Diary

Called Anna

Anne Frank. Refuge: Diary in letters: Trans. from the Netherlands S. Belokrinitskaya and M. Novikova. Preface George Soros. Afterword Ekaterina Genieva. - M.: Text, 1999.

U Alexei Kapler has a story “Two out of Twenty Millions”. The partisans, surrounded by the Germans, are dying of thirst in the Odessa catacombs. The nurse takes a bucket and crawls to the only well for water. The German soldier looks at her, takes aim - and does not shoot. She returns, gives water to the wounded, then the Red Army comes, the war ends, they get married, give birth to a child, look for work, stand in line for an apartment, quarrel, make up... And suddenly again - she crawls for water, the soldier looks at her, takes aim, shoots. There was nothing.

Anne Frank's diary is, in fact, also something that did not happen. The Frank family was supposed to go to a concentration camp and die in 1942 - but they ended up in 1944. Between these figures fit two absurd years, an existence that by many standards could not be called life at all if Anne Frank had not left behind a text proving that they existed - both life and Anne herself. Only the rigor of this proof from nasty(in every sense of the word) and one can explain the special place that the “Diary” occupies among other books, and the impression that it still makes.

The impression, however, is ambivalent. So ambivalent that when you are about to say what you really think, you experience a painful feeling of shame.

The book - at least the book that was published in Russian by the Text publishing house - leaves a feeling of grandiose speculation. It seems that the true Anne was ground by the millstones of history twice: when the Germans occupied Holland and when, after the war, Anne Frank's father, the Anne Frank Foundation in Basel, and so on and so forth, took her diary and began to distribute it throughout the world.

Everything here is true - and at the same time, if not a lie, then still a half-truth. Starting with photographs. The canonical ones, those placed on the covers of both the old and new editions, are photographs of a ten to twelve year old girl. Child. When Anne Frank began writing a diary, she was thirteen years old; when she stopped, she was fifteen. She was completely different, she was an adult. To be honest, there shouldn't be any photo on the cover. She just can't be there.

On the title page is the word “Refuge” - but Anne Frank never called her diary that, she wanted to write a novel about Refuge after the war, and this is not the same thing at all. The name given to the old Soviet publication for whatever political reasons, “The Diary of Anne Frank,” is much more honest.

Finally, the text itself. What we are reading also cannot quite be called Anne Frank's diary. Yes, all the words were written by her - but there are at least four versions of this text. The version, called version A, is the diary that Anna kept from June 1942. Version B is a text rewritten by herself in 1944, with cuts, corrections and additions. (A radio broadcast from the Dutch government in exile said that after the war it would be necessary to collect all evidence about it, including diaries, and Anne herself began to prepare her diary for publication.) Version C is a text compiled from two manuscripts of Anne Frank, a shortened version, from which fragments have been removed that are more or less related to sex or contain unflattering characteristics of the people with whom Anna hid for two years in the back of the house at Prinstengracht 263, in the office of the joint-stock company for the production of jam "Opecta", once led by by her father, in a hiding place behind a bookcase. This version was published for more than forty years - until the last one was finally released, created by the writer and translator Miriam Pressler based on version C with additions from the first two.

Whose text is this? What is here from thirteen-year-old Anne Frank, who was given a notebook in a beautiful checkered cover for her birthday? What about fifteen-year-old Anna, who passionately wanted to become a writer and rushed along an unknown, painful literary path: to edit her own manuscript? What - from each and every editor? Who is the real author? Miriam Pressler? Why should we believe the editor's chosen combination of real names, pseudonyms, and initials? Why were the Germanisms that Anna naturally inserted into her native Dutch language removed? Why aren't there any - none! - textual comments? Why are there no comments at all? There is a two-page "history of this book", but there is not a word about how it really happened.

The point is not that untruth has crept in somewhere, but that the truth seems to be of no particular interest to anyone. The principle of “all information in the text” is good in its own way, but don’t those people who, risking their lives, hide eight “illegal immigrants” deserve at least a few words? Two years of Anne Frank's life and her diary are, after all, their feat. At least this is required simply as a human being, in any publication. Some information from the history of the Netherlands would also be useful, because for the average reader everything connected with real life, from the exchange rate to the attitude towards the royal family, is a dark forest. And the actual history of the occupation: this is not the Eastern, but the Western Front... Anna’s former classmates organize receptions and sign up for the kayaking club... To understand, you need to know at least something.

All of the above one way or another comes down to one thing - lack of reflection. The text looks blatantly implausible (however, the implausibility is partly explainable: the original literary quality, novelism, if you like, artificiality are caused by the fact that the text was written by a writer, albeit fifteen years old), but none of those who prepared the book for publication tried to comprehend either the text itself or the fate facing behind him.

In Russian, “Refuge” appears as a purely sacred text, which means it neither requires nor tolerates comment. The fact that there is a scientific publication in Holland does not change anything - the editorial office that is before us is intended for the general reader, that is, it is designed to educate. And education is a dangerous thing, it gravitates towards pathos and abstract noble examples. The essence of education is speculation. The very fact of the existence of this book, its title, its form, the demagogic preface and afterword prove that for those who published it, it is, first of all, a Testimony. But this is cruel and unfair to Anne Frank. This document concerns her life - only her life and experiences, torment, relationships with parents, bad character, love, thoughts about the future. She split into simply Anna and Anna, the author of the text. After her death they made an icon out of her. But she is an author, not a witness.

The horror of what happened is realized precisely because this book exists. If Anne Frank had lived, she would not exist. She would burn her diary or hide it at the bottom of the closet, write a novel, ten novels... If she were alive, she would have a choice. But she was left with no choice - neither those who killed her, nor those who published it.

The book is wonderful. Those who read it at eleven, thirteen, fifteen years old (in the old, abridged version, translated by Rita Wright-Kovaleva) and used its language to express their own feelings remember it all their lives. But they remember it as a text, as a novel in letters. And not as a Testimony.

http://old.russ.ru/krug/kniga/20000222.html

The Diary of Anne Frank has been filmed several times. And in December 2011, a mono-opera written in the 1960s by Soviet composer Grigory Frid was staged at the Moscow Chamber Theater. Director Ekaterina Vasileva emphasized the bright and life-affirming meaning of “The Diary,” the main idea of ​​which is simple and undeniable: you need to love life and appreciate every moment of it.

Based on Wikipedia and

http://lib.ru/INPROZ/FRANK_A/dnevnik_anny_frank.txt

Film "Anna Frank"

Anne Frank

Shelter. Diary in letters

© 1947 by Otto H. Frank, renewed 1974

© 1982, 1991, 2001 by The Anne Frank-Fonds, Basel, Switzerland

© “Text”, edition in Russian, 2015

History of this book

Anne Frank kept a diary from June 12, 1942 to August 1, 1944. At first she wrote her letters only for herself - until the spring of 1944, when she heard on the Oranje radio a speech by Bolkestein, the Minister of Education in the Dutch government in exile. The minister said that after the war, all evidence of the suffering of the Dutch people during the German occupation should be collected and published. For example, among other evidence, he named diaries. Impressed by this speech, Anna decided after the war to publish a book, the basis of which was to serve as her diary.

She began to rewrite and rework her diary, making corrections, crossing out passages that did not seem very interesting to her, and adding others from memory. At the same time, she continued to keep the original diary, which in the 1986 scientific publication is called version “a”, in contrast to version “b” - the revised, second diary. Anna's last entry is dated August 1, 1944. On August 4, eight people hiding were arrested by the Green Police.

On the same day, Miep Heath and Bep Voskuijl hid Anna's notes. Miep Heath kept them in a drawer of her desk, and when it finally became clear that Anna was no longer alive, she gave the diary, without reading it, to Otto H. Frank, Anna's father.

Otto Frank, after much deliberation, decided to fulfill the will of his late daughter and publish her notes in the form of a book. To do this, from both Anna’s diaries - the original one (version “a”) and the one revised by herself (version “b”) - he compiled an abbreviated version “c”. The diary was supposed to be published in a series, and the volume of text was set by the publishing house.

The book came out of print in 1947. At that time, it was not yet customary to casually touch on sexual topics, especially in books addressed to young people. Another important reason why entire fragments and some wording were not included in the book was that Otto Frank did not want to harm the memory of his wife and fellow prisoners in the Vault. Anne Frank kept a diary from the age of thirteen to fifteen and in these notes she expressed her antipathies and indignation as openly as her sympathies.

Otto Frank died in 1980. He officially bequeathed the original diary of his daughter to the State Institute of Military Archives in Amsterdam. Since doubts about the authenticity of the diary have constantly arisen since the fifties, the institute subjected all records to thorough research. Only after their authenticity was established beyond any doubt were the diaries, along with the research results, published. The study examined, among other things, family relationships, facts surrounding the arrest and deportation, the ink and paper used for the letter, and Anne Frank's handwriting. This relatively voluminous work also contains information about all publications of the diary.

The Anne Frank Foundation in Basel, which, as Otto Frank's general heir, also inherited the copyright of his daughter, decided to undertake a new edition on the basis of all existing texts. This does not in any way diminish the importance of the editorial work carried out by Otto Frank - work that contributed to the wide distribution of the book and its political resonance. The new edition was published under the editorship of writer and translator Miriam Pressler. At the same time, Otto Frank’s edition was used without abbreviations and was only supplemented with excerpts from versions “a” and “b”. The text, presented by Miriam Pressler and approved by the Anne Frank Foundation in Basel, is a quarter larger in length than the previously published version and aims to give the reader a deeper insight into the inner world of Anne Frank.

In 1998, five previously unknown diary pages were discovered. With the permission of the Anne Frank Foundation in Basel, a long excerpt has been added in this edition to the existing entry dated 8 February 1944. At the same time, a short version of the entry dated June 20, 1942 is not included in this edition, since the diary already includes a more detailed entry dated that date. In addition, in accordance with the latest findings, the dating has been changed: the entry dated November 7, 1942 is now assigned to October 30, 1943.

When Anne Frank wrote her second version (“b”), she decided what pseudonyms she would give to which person. She first wanted to call herself Anna Aulis, then Anna Robin. Otto Frank did not use these pseudonyms, but kept his real surname, but other characters were called pseudonyms, as his daughter wanted. The assistants, who are now known to everyone, deserve to have their real names also preserved in the book; the names of all others correspond to the scientific publication. In cases where a person himself wished to remain anonymous, the State Institute identified him with randomly chosen initials.

These are the real names of the people hiding with the Frank family.

Van Pels family (from Osnabrück): Augusta (born September 29, 1890), Hermann (born March 31, 1889), Peter (born November 9, 1929); Anna named them Petronella, Hans and Alfred Van Daan, in this edition – Petronella, Hermann and Peter Van Daan.

Fritz Pfeffer (b. 1889 in Giessen) and Anna herself, and in this book is named Albert Dussel.

Anne Frank's Diary

I hope that I can trust you with everything, as I have never trusted anyone before, and I hope that you will be a great support for me.

All this time, both you and Kitty, to whom I now write regularly, have been a great support to me. I find journaling this way much more enjoyable, and now I can't wait to write.

Oh, how glad I am that I took you with me!

I’ll start with how I received you, that is, how I saw you on the table among the gifts (because they bought you in front of me, but that doesn’t count).

On Friday, June 12, I woke up at six o’clock, and this is quite understandable - after all, it was my birthday. But it was impossible to get up at six in the morning, so I had to restrain my curiosity until a quarter to seven. I couldn’t stand it any longer, I went to the dining room, where Moortier, our cat, met me and began to caress me.

At the beginning of eight, I went to my dad and mom, and then to the living room to unwrap gifts, and the very first I saw was you, probably one of the best gifts. There was also a bouquet, two peonies. Dad and Mom gave me a blue blouse, a board game, a bottle of grape juice, which, in my opinion, tastes like wine (wine is made from grapes), a puzzle, a jar of cream, two and a half guilders and a voucher for two books. Then they gave me another book, “Camera Obscura,” but Margot already had one, and I replaced it, a plate of homemade cookies (I baked them myself, of course, because I’m great at baking cookies now), a lot of sweets, and a strawberry cake from moms. A letter from grandma arrived the same day, but this, of course, was an accident.

All the girls keep diaries in which they write that their mother doesn’t understand them, their relatives are pestering them, and P. from the parallel class looked like that yesterday, looked like that... Anne Frank, a Jewish girl from a family of German refugees, the daughter of a successful woman, kept it about the same way. a businessman who fled Nazism to Amsterdam. All these notes about books, about boys and about relationships were made in extreme conditions, in a cramped, stuffy cell in the back of a jam-making company, where Anna’s family, hiding from the Nazis, led a silent and almost ethereal existence for a long time.

Reading, you are amazed not only by the courage of all the inhabitants of the shelter and the human dignity that they all managed to maintain in these difficult conditions. Knowing that the author of the diary and her loved ones died a painful death, one cannot help but think that this life, which was not allowed to take place, still defeats death in a way unknown to science.

She decided to keep a diary on her 13th birthday, named it Kitty, and diligently documented her life and the lives of her family for three years, until all the Jews hiding in the shelter were caught by denunciation and sent to a concentration camp.

Anna with a friend in Merwedeplein. 1934

She described the everyday details of the coexistence of people locked in a cramped space and involuntarily becoming neighbors in a cramped communal apartment, complained about the monotony of the diet and how tired they were of strawberry jam (the company fed them - it was a hungry time, and food was a significant problem), she wrote talentedly and vividly, it was not for nothing that she wanted to become a journalist. Almost every teenage girl could recognize herself in this image - both her youth rebellion against her mother and her dreams of a wonderful future, which in Anna’s case never came.

Still from the film “ Anne Frank's Diary”

Everyone died - mother, sister, friends, only the father, Otto Frank, survived. He published his daughter’s diary after the war.

Newborn Anna with her mother. Otto Frank

In Russian " Anne Frank's Diary"translated by Wright-Kovalyova and with a foreword by Ehrenburg was first published in 1960. The very fact of this publication was an important symptom of the Khrushchev Thaw. Ilya Ehrenburg called the book another evidence of the Catastrophe of European Jewry: “For six million, one voice speaks - not a sage, not a poet - an ordinary girl... The girl’s diary has turned into both a human document of great significance and an indictment.”

Almost immediately after the appearance of the book in the USSR, which became very popular, “The Diary of Anne Frank” began to be translated into languages ​​of other arts: thus, theatrical productions appeared in Moscow and Riga, Tbilisi and Leningrad, the literary basis of which was “The Diary”, and in 1969 Grigory Frid wrote the mono-opera “The Diary of Anne Frank”, which was performed in the USSR, USA and Israel.

Asylum

In July 1942, the Germans began deporting Dutch Jews, and the family Franc had to hide in the premises of the enterprise on Prinsenhracht street along with four other Dutch Jews. In this shelter, observing strict secrecy, they hid until 1944. Like other Amsterdam buildings along the canals, house number 263 on the Prinsengracht embankment consists of a front and a back part. The office and storage room occupy the front part of the building; the rear part, the entrance to which was disguised as a filing cabinet, was equipped as a shelter. Anna called her diary Het Achterhuis (In the back house). In the Russian version - “Refuge”. Anna made her first entry in her diary on her birthday, June 12, 1942, when she turned 13 years old. The last one was on August 1, 1944.

House on Prinsenhracht

On August 4, 1944, all the inhabitants of the shelter were captured and deported first to the Westerbork transit camp, then to Auschwitz-Birkenau, and at the end of October of the same year, Anna and her sister Margot were transferred to Bergen-Belsen, where they both died in the winter of 1945.

The Frank family's refuge in Amsterdam was turned into a museum in 1957 - the Anne Frank House. It houses exhibitions and conducts excursions. In 1992, the photo album “The World of Anne Frank” was released with little-known photographs of the Frank family, their friends, and photographs of the Netherlands during the Nazi occupation.

From Anna's diary.

On the punishment of those who resist

Do you know what a "hostage" is? This is the last punishment for saboteurs. The worst thing you can think of. Famous townspeople, innocent people, are arrested and promised to be executed. If the Gestapo does not find the saboteurs, they simply take five hostages and put them against the wall. And the newspaper will write that they died as a result of a “fatal accident.” (1942)

About suffering

When I'm alone, I want to cry. I slide to the floor and begin to pray fervently, then pull my knees to my chest, put my head in my hands and cry, crouching on the bare floor. Loud sobs bring me back to earth. (1944)

About Jews

Who distinguished the Jews from all other peoples? Who allowed them to endure so much? G‑d who made us who we are, and G‑d will raise us up again. If we have endured all this suffering and are still around when it is all over, the Jews, instead of perishing, will become an example. Who knows, maybe the very fact that our religion has become a source for the whole world and all peoples, from which they learned good, is the reason why we suffer. We can never become just Dutch, just English or representatives of any other people, we will always remain Jews. (1944)

About the culprits

I don't believe that only important people, politicians and industrialists, are to blame for the war. Oh no, little man... It is human nature to want to destroy, to kill, to bring death. And until all of humanity, without exception, undergoes enormous changes, wars will continue. (1944)

About the old homeland, Germany

Remarkable examples of humanity, these Germans. And to think that I am, in fact, one of them! No, that's not true. Hitler threw my people back. (1944)

About despair

I've reached a point where it doesn't matter to me whether I live or die. The world will continue to spin without me, and I can’t do anything to change the course of events. I just let things take their course, concentrate on my studies and hope that in the end everything will work itself out. (1944)