Ecology of consumption. Estate: This article discusses basic rules for the construction of stove heating in a private home. The combination of new solutions and familiar traditions makes it possible to create a durable and efficient heater, completely independent of a centralized source.

In any private home, the problem of uninterrupted hot water supply and general heating is very acute. For these purposes, the most various options, but the simplest and most effective is the heating system, which is connected to the stove. Currently, it is possible to purchase a ready-made metal stove on the market, although you can save money by installing a heating system by making a system based on a brick stove. Such a water heating system cannot be called very expensive, since the stove can be easily installed with your own hands. To build a water boiler, a regular metal pipe or sheet metal is used. A container intended for water is welded from sheet metal, and then it is connected to the general heating circuit.

Thanks comparatively simple process installations and affordable price The stove remains a profitable option for heating homes. It is especially convenient for heating when combined with a water circuit.

Advantages and disadvantages of water stove heating

Today it is very common to see the use of a heating circuit based on a stove. This option is most popular for country houses small in size, where there is no point in installing expensive gas or electric boilers.

Among the advantages of such a heating system are the following:

1. Simple and quick oven installation process. You can purchase a small metal stove that can provide independent heating efficiently, but you can also build a regular brick stove that will last a long time.
2. Easy to maintain the stove, which only requires regular cleaning of the firebox. This installation is ideal for a private home, since there is no need for expensive maintenance.
3. This fairly efficient system, if installed correctly, will have an efficiency of approximately 60 percent when running on liquid fuel.
4. The possibility of combining a stove with a fireplace can thus not only provide a heating system for a private home, but also improve the interior decor.
5. Possibility of regulating combustion using a conventional damper.

The disadvantages of such a system are the following:

1. To install the furnace structure, you need a lot of free space, since the amount of heat transfer depends directly on the size of the furnace itself.
2. The system undergoes a long warm-up process, which makes a sharp increase in temperature impossible. It takes a lot of time to fully warm up a private home.
3. To use ovens of this type, quite strict standards are put forward. sanitary standards, since combustion products can quickly pollute the room. For this reason, constant cleaning of the equipment is required. It is expected that special care products will be used. However, such autonomous heating systems do not cause any serious problems if the structure is regularly cleaned, and with constant maintenance it does not take much time.
4. The water stove heats the house unevenly, with the highest temperature observed near the stove, and in the distant rooms of a private house the heating is not so good.
5. It is important to pay special attention to fire safety measures when using a stove system.

Types of furnace with water circuit for heating

This type of equipment is manufactured in two versions. They take an already installed stove and install a coil in it. This option is considered very labor-intensive, which is why it is used less often. This is due to the fact that when making a coil, it is necessary to rely on the existing dimensions of the firebox.

The heat source is laid out with your own hands in accordance with the dimensions of the register. A properly folded stove will guarantee that it will stand for a long time and serve reliably.

It is imperative to ensure that the inner size of the shirt starts from 4-5 centimeters. Otherwise, the water will begin to boil in it, which is even more likely if its circulation is weak. To correct this flaw, a pump is installed. The heat exchanger must have a wall of at least five millimeters. If it is smaller in size, the register will simply burn out, which will lead to its forced replacement. Replacing it requires disassembling the furnace floor, therefore, such carelessness will be very expensive.

The walls must have a thickness that directly corresponds to the type of fuel used, and more specifically to its calorific value. Thus, for example, if the firebox is fired only with wood, then the walls can be made less than three millimeters. If coal is used, it is better to make the walls at least five millimeters thick. In this case, you also need to leave a gap between the wall and the register of approximately ten to twenty millimeters. This must be done in order to level out the thermal expansion of the metal used, thus maintaining its integrity.

Combination of water and stove heating

A classic wooden house with stove heating has one important drawback: the room is heated by the heater extremely unevenly. There is always heated air above and near the stove, but in rooms far from it it is cold. For this reason, in large houses it is necessary to make several stoves to ensure a uniform heat supply.

However, water and stove heating in a private house can be combined. To do this, the usual traditional brick oven is equipped with a register, that is, a heat exchanger made of plastic steel or pipes, which resembles a coil in shape.

It is located at the base of the chimney or in the fuel room, and the water inside is heated by the heat of the stove. Then the water flows through the pipes into the radiator, uniformly heating the building of the house. Such a system has several undeniable advantages:

• Uniformity and efficiency of heating. You can place radiators in each room, providing it with constant heat during combustion. Since a house made of wood itself retains heat quite well, and besides, it can also be heated, such a heating system will be quite effective.
• Absolute independence. There is not a central gas pipeline everywhere, and power outages are not uncommon in rural areas. In this regard, in winter you can suddenly be left without heat at the most inopportune moment. Wood or coal heating depends only on the wishes of the home owners. A classic stove can serve for decades without causing any interruptions in the heat supply if fuel is stored in advance.
• For country house With stove heating, there is no additional cost for servicing equipment by professionals. For a Russian stove, only periodic cleaning of the firebox from soot and ash is required, but the rest of the system will work uninterruptedly.

Although stove heating also has certain disadvantages: this type of heating is quite fire hazardous, so it is necessary to strictly observe all home protection measures. The movement of such heaters is not permitted. This option cannot be called mobile. He is not acceptable to two-story houses, since it will be necessary to build an additional furnace, which will be quite expensive.

Stove heating in wooden house, which combined with a water circuit makes it possible to save on fuel costs, although you will need to heat the stove daily. Another of the few disadvantages of this system is its inability to work without the direct control and participation of people.

Preparation for construction and design of stove water heating

The first step is to develop a project, which is best discussed with relevant experts in the field. For stove heating in a house with a water circuit, as a rule, it is assumed that the stove is located in the central area of ​​the house and in such a way that the firebox goes out, for example, into the kitchen or other non-residential premises, and the housing should be located in the residential premises. This placement allows you to heat several rooms efficiently at the same time.

The size of the stove is determined by the dimensions of the house itself. At the same time, one meter of stove area is capable of heating about 35 square meters in the house, therefore, using this indicator, you can calculate its value for a specific structure or house.

In certain cases, a register is purchased for a ready-made furnace, however, this happens quite rarely. Often, the first step is to make or purchase a register of the required area, and only then a furnace of a given size is assembled using it.

The register can be made of sheets or pipes, but in any case the thickness of the metal must be at least 3-5 millimeters. Thinner metal will burn out quickly, which will require replacing the heat exchanger, which will lead to large financial expenses.

A register is installed in the fuel compartment, leaving a gap between the walls and it small size to compensate for thermal expansion and ensure more efficient heat transfer. In addition, it is necessary to provide access to periodically clean the firebox, since ash and other combustion products reduce the efficiency of the heater.

It is important to take into account that when installing a register, the size of the fuel chamber decreases, and therefore coal or firewood must be added more often. This can be provided for if you build a firebox the size of a coil and make it large enough to heat the entire house.

The most important condition for the operability of the system is the constant process of circulation in the water pipes, for which they must be placed at a slope; it is also advisable to install circulation pump, which allows you to guarantee uninterrupted stable operation and prevents the coolant from boiling.

It is important to know that it is not allowed to construct a structure without a slope, focusing only on the functioning of the pump. In the event of a power outage, the pump will fail, the coolant will boil in the pipes, and the entire system will fail. The system must also be equipped expansion tank, allowing to compensate for the expansion of water due to temperature changes.

Having completed the design of the work, it is recommended to show the completed diagram to the appropriate specialists, since any mistake can make the entire structure unstable, and therefore safety rules should never be neglected.

To work, you should prepare the necessary tools in advance:

• building level;
• square;
• brush for grouting;
• masonry trowel;
• hammer;
• pick.

Procedure for installing stove heating

The size of the stove and its location, as a rule, are reflected at the stage of designing a house, according to which the location of partitions between rooms, as well as furniture in the house, is calculated. To equip a full-fledged large oven, preparation will be required. concrete base, which can support its entire weight. When laying the floor base, you need to provide an indentation, that is, a gap between flooring material and the base of the stove, which further reduces the likelihood of fire.

To build a stove, you need properly mixed mortar and bricks. high quality. Some professionals do not rely on proven proportions, but rather on intuition. But if the master does not have much experience, then it is better to purchase the building mixture in a ready-made form.

A waterproofing layer is laid on the base, and the bricks are soaked in water. Afterwards they begin to lay them out in order on the foundation. A row arrangement of bricks is called a row arrangement. If the dimensions of the furnace are known exactly, then you can easily find the order on the Internet, having previously planned the construction stages.

A coil-register is placed in the design, to which pipes are subsequently connected for the output and input of coolant. The stove is assembled using seams measuring a maximum of 4 millimeters; in addition, it is necessary to ensure that there are no sharp corners inside the smoke exhaust ducts and firebox. Rounded corners are required that do not reduce quiet smoke removal, so that less soot will accumulate in the firebox.

There are several important rules when building a furnace:

1. A gap is required between the stove and the walls, in addition, it is necessary to lay a metal sheet in front of the firebox. The floor and walls will be protected from fire by simple walls.
2. It is necessary to reinforce every 4 rows of masonry to give it maximum strength. Reinforcement is carried out using metal pins.
3. The clay mortar should have average plasticity. If you make the solution yourself, then you need to roll up a small ball and throw it on the floor. A solution of normal consistency will not produce large cracks or crumble.
4. The chimney must be at least 5 meters high. It is completed by a headband - an element that protects the pipe from debris and rain getting inside, and also allows for increased traction and is an additional element of the building’s decor.

Water circuit installation process

Register for water stove heating

For efficient work equipment for a heating water system, it is necessary to install a so-called register, which is a boiler or heat exchanger. It is also often called serpentine. Such a register is placed in the stove firebox.

A water stove heating scheme for a private house consists of the following elements:

• combustion chamber;
• ash pan;
• sealed oven door;
• hatch for cleaning the oven;
• special surface for heating the oven;
• injector;
• gate;
• cutter;
• convection pipes;
• grate

In this case, it is better to make boilers or water heating registers from sheet steel or from a pipe with a stack thickness of 3-5 millimeters.

When making a container yourself, it is important to take into account that only welding is used to connect parts. When connecting heating pipes, you need to use special connection elements in the form of fittings, couplings, etc. Using this type of design for your home will make it possible to save money on a boiler, for which the manufacturing materials will cost much less than if you buy a ready-made one. The best option is to use a regular metal pipe for water heating, in which holes are simply made for the outlets and inlets of the pipeline.

Also, when constructing a heat exchanger for a private house, it is necessary to take into account the thickness of the walls of the structure being installed. If you plan to operate the stove on wood, then its walls can be made thinner, but if water heating using coal briquettes, it is better to make the thickness thicker. If you do not take this detail into account, the boiler will burn out very quickly, and therefore you will have to change it soon. To do this, in turn, you will have to disassemble the oven. Thus, you will actually need to reassemble the stove after replacement.

Do-it-yourself stove and heating system installation

Installing the stove yourself is not so difficult, although you can also use a ready-made metal structure. However, a stove made of brick looks much more aesthetically pleasing. If the worker knows how to handle this material, then the laying of the furnace for the heating system can be done independently.

The process begins with choosing the right brick. In this case, you only need to take red ceramic bricks that have been previously fired. It is recommended to choose only high-quality bricks. In order to install the stove, the following are not suitable:

• unfinished brick of pale pink color;
• baked brick with a glassy film on the surface.

Normal material has a uniform red color and produces a metallic sound when tapped. It is not enough to use only red brick when working, since it is a little weak for the swamp.

In this case, refractory refractory bricks can be used for the firebox:

• for burning stone corners, it is better to take fireclay bricks;
• for heating with wood or peat - white Gzhel or Borovichi brick.

One of the most important steps is mixing the solution, especially if you do it yourself. Today you can find ready-made dry mixtures on sale. They just need to be diluted with water. But you can make such a solution yourself, using the simplest ingredients. In this case, the procedure should be as follows:

1. The sand is carefully sifted.
2. Clay for mortar is placed in a container and filled with water, and then kneaded with hands.
3. The resulting clay solution is left for three days, and after this time it is advisable to strain it through a sieve. The mixture should have the consistency of thick sour cream.
4. Next, a test solution is made. If you use thin clay, you need to mix 4 different test portions, each 0.5 liters. Sand is added to this clay solution. Each part of the clay has the following proportions - 1, 0.75, 0.25 and 0.1, and if the clay used is oily, then the following are 2, 1.5, 1 and 0.5. Then it is checked which masonry mortar should be used for the heating furnace. A piece is pinched off from each part and a ball with a diameter of 5 centimeters is made from it. Next, the ball is rotated between smooth bars and compressed. Thus, the result is assessed: if large cracks form in the ball, and it itself compresses by 1/3, then this indicates average plasticity. This is the solution that should be used to construct the furnace.
5. Having completed the check, the solution is prepared in the established proportions, focusing on its quantity per hundred bricks. This takes two buckets of clay and one and a half buckets of sand. The mixture should be stirred. The mixture should not spread over the masonry trowel, but should slide off it smoothly.

To mark the masonry for furnace equipment, special planed wooden blocks can be installed on the sides to be able to control the verticality of the wall of the future furnace.

To lay the stove yourself, it is assumed that the seams will have a thickness of no more than 3-4 millimeters. Today there are quite a few options for laying a brick stove for a heating system in a private home. Among general requirements, which are presented to them, the following can be distinguished:

• reinforcement of every fourth row of masonry using metal rods;
• all internal parts of the stove must be made rounded and without protrusions, which means that the use of chipped bricks is prohibited;
• for a private one-story house, the pipe must be located from the grate pipe at a height of at least 5 meters;
• when passing the roof, it is necessary to perform a brick “fluffing”, or rather a gradual build-up of bricks;
• must be installed above the exit chimney headrest that protects from snow, moisture and debris and enhances traction.

Conclusion

For device autonomous heating In a private home, various systems can be used. One of the most used systems is stove heating. Currently, there are many options for more modern devices on the market, including electric and gas systems. However, their operation requires fuel sources that are quite expensive. And metal or brick stoves are more economical, in addition, they can be made by hand.

This article discusses the basic rules for the construction of stove heating in a private house. Only part of the requirements for installing a furnace yourself is indicated here, and it is recommended that you familiarize yourself with their full list. It is advisable to consult with professional stove makers, or better yet, follow the process of its operation, thereby gaining invaluable knowledge that is not found in the relevant books and manuals.

The combination of new solutions and familiar traditions makes it possible to create a durable and efficient heater, completely independent of a centralized source. By maintaining the heating unit and furnace in good condition and in good order, you can not worry about the operation of the heating and the heat in the house for many years.

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Heating and uninterrupted supply hot water are the primary problems of any private home. There are various options for solving them, but the optimal result is obtained by connecting the heating system to the stove.

For this, either a ready-made metal stove, easily purchased on the market, or a traditional one, lined with special bricks, is used. The water boiler is an ordinary metal pipe or a sheet metal container connected to common heating circuits.

When stoves with water circuits are used not only for heating, but also for hot water supply, this significantly increases their benefit to people. It is also convenient that heated stoves and chimneys maintain heat for a long time even after the heating process is completed.

In this entire procedure, it is important to have a firm understanding of how to make water heating from a stove, so as not to waste precious time and invest capital without obtaining guaranteed efficiency of future systems.

Furnaces with water circuits: varieties

In a private home, stove water heating can be manufactured in two versions:

• For an already installed furnace, a coil is made and installed into it. This method is used much less frequently, since it is quite labor-intensive. The difficulty lies in the need to manufacture a firebox to the finished overall dimensions.
• The heat source is laid out with my own hands by register size. If the stove is built accordingly, it will serve reliably and for a long time. Particular attention is paid to the internal size of the shirt, which should start from 4-5 cm. Otherwise, the water will boil. There is also a high probability of poor coolant circulation, and therefore a pump will be required.

The wall thickness must correspond to the intended fuel, that is, its calorific value. For firewood, three millimeters is enough, and for coal, at least five millimeters. The gap between the registers and the walls is allowed within 10-20 mm. This is necessary to level out the thermal expansion of the metal used and maintain its integrity.

Water heating from a stove: ensuring an optimal temperature microclimate

Wooden houses in classic version with stove heating they heat up very unevenly. Heated air is constantly near the stove, and distant corners are cool. Using multiple ovens is quite expensive. It is better to combine heating - stove and water, as many of our compatriots do, who strive to achieve the warmth and comfort of their existence.

The solution is to equip a conventional brick oven with a heat exchanger shaped like a coil. It is installed in fuel rooms or at the base of chimneys. The heat from the stove warms up the water in it, which then goes to the radiators located in the rooms. Buildings are heated evenly.

The advantages of such systems include:

• Efficient and uniform heating - batteries are installed in different rooms and provide constant heat.

Complete independence - such heating systems are not affected by gas or gas pipelines. The only dependence is on the owner, who determines when and how much to heat.

• There is no need to attract specialists to service heating systems. It is quite within the capabilities of consumers themselves.

The disadvantage of such heating using stoves is its rather high fire hazard, which requires compliance with building protection measures. This option cannot be considered mobile, since movement is excluded. Not used in two-story houses. It is necessary to resort to the construction of an additional furnace, which entails considerable costs.

Despite the need to start heating daily from a water-heated stove, significant fuel savings are felt. Another disadvantage is the need for constant monitoring of the functioning of the system.

Start of construction of water heating from the stove

Construction work is preceded by design work, which requires consultation with specialists. Stoves are usually located in the central areas of houses. The output of the fireboxes is kitchens or non-residential premises. In this case, the buildings are located in residential premises. This location is a guarantee efficient heating several rooms at once.

The dimensions of the stoves depend on the size of the houses themselves. It is important to take into account that a meter of oven area equals heating of about 35 square meters. m. According to this norm, its value is calculated in each specific case. In some cases, although rarely, registers are purchased for finished stoves. More often, a register is purchased first, and then the dimensions of the stove are determined for it.

Registers can be made of pipes or sheet material with a thickness of at least 3-5 mm. Thin ones quickly burn out, and therefore the unit needs to be replaced prematurely. They are installed in fuel compartments with a mandatory gap between them and the walls so that there is room to compensate for thermal expansion and efficient heat transfer. Access is also necessary for cleaning the firebox, which is important for efficiency.

Conditions for optimal system performance

The system will be operational provided there is constant circulation of coolant in the pipes. This is ensured by a mandatory slope, as well as the desirable installation of a circulation pump, which guarantees the necessary movement and prevents water from boiling.

Small in size, but with sufficient power, the pumps guarantee good circulation. They are necessary especially if the heating system is long. Installation of such a pump is carried out on the return line, that is, on the coolant return pipe.

You should not rely only on the pump and install pipelines without a slope, since interruptions in the supply of electricity may lead to boiling and failure of both the pump and the system itself. In such cases, it is better to resort to installing expansion tanks that compensate for the expansion of water.

Are ending design work familiarization of specialists with the schemes. They will help eliminate errors leading to unstable operation of water heating from the stove. This is also an opportunity to avoid security violations.

The correct procedure for installing stove heating with water circuits

The dimensions of furnaces and their location are usually reflected in the design stages. In this case, the location of interior partitions and furniture must be taken into account. Large ovens require a strong concrete base that can support the weight. There should be a gap between the base of the stove and the floor material to reduce the likelihood of fires.

Masonry is done using high-quality mortar and bricks. If you have no experience, it is better to purchase the mixture from construction organizations. A waterproofing layer must be laid on the base. The bricks are soaked in water and only after that are used for laying out according to the pattern. Once the dimensions are known, the order can be easily found on the Internet.

A register-coil is installed into the structure being built, which is then used to connect the coolant input and output pipes. According to one of them, the hot coolant is sent through the expansion tank into the system, and according to the other, it returns back to the register. Water circulation occurs due to the presence of gravitational forces.

Seams should not exceed four millimeters. The presence of sharp corners in the firebox and smoke exhaust ducts is not allowed. Rounded corners will not reduce smooth smoke removal, and there will be less soot in the firebox.

Important rules for constructing furnaces

Regulatory requirements for the construction and operation of the furnaces in question are as follows:

• It is mandatory to have a gap between the stove and the adjacent walls and a metal sheet in front of the firebox, which serves to protect the floor and wall structures.
• Ensuring maximum strength by reinforcing every four rows of masonry with metal pins.
• Using clay mortar of medium plasticity. A small ball rolled out of it does not give large cracks and does not crumble when it hits the floor.
• The chimney, at least five meters high, ends with a cap, that is, an element that protects the pipes from rain and debris getting inside. It enhances traction and decorates the building.

Building a stove yourself is not that difficult, although it may be possible to use a ready-made metal structure. However, you should not forget that a brick stove has a more aesthetic appearance, decorating the interior of homes.

It is necessary to choose a suitable brick, the best option which is red ceramic, pre-fired. It has a uniform color. When tapped, a metallic sound is heard.

Burnt and unburnt material cannot be used, as it will not guarantee the required quality and compliance with standards. safe operation. For fireboxes where the highest temperatures are observed, the best option would be to use refractory refractory bricks, which will eliminate problems during the operation of this equipment.

Installation of the water circuit

A water heating system works efficiently by installing a register, which is a heat exchanger or boiler. Its popular name is serpentine. This product is placed in the firebox.

The design of such a system includes combustion chambers, ash pans, hermetic doors, cleaning hatches, heating surfaces, injectors, dampers, grate bars and convective pipes.

At self-production The containers of the parts are connected only by welding. Couplings, fittings, etc. are used to connect pipes. This design guarantees savings on the boiler, since the materials for it are cheaper than what is needed to purchase a finished unit. The most the best option is the use of conventional metal pipe with holes for pipeline inlets and outlets.

The construction of a heat exchanger for a home requires a certain thickness of structural walls. If you plan to use a wood-burning stove, the walls may be thinner, while those operating on coal briquettes may be thicker. Ignoring this requirement leads to rapid burnout of boilers and their rapid replacement, ahead of the established operational dates. In practice, this means that you will have to actually reassemble the stove after such a replacement, investing additional funds.

Conclusions

Considering the question of how to make water heating from a stove, we started talking about the use of various heating systems. At the same time, as practice shows, stove heating is the most popular in our country. The prevalence is explained by the use of available fuels.

The proposed modern gas or electric units operate on rather expensive sources. Water-heated stoves are more economical systems that can be easily equipped with your own hands, which also guarantees lower costs.

This heating is based on the combination of traditional stoves, known to us for centuries, and modern technologies. The result is the desired heat in residential buildings, to which man has always strived and strives.

A heater of this type means longevity of operation without dependence on centralized sources. With proper care of heating units and furnaces, you can not worry about the temperature microclimate for many decades.

Despite the presence of central or autonomous water heating, many owners of dachas and private houses cannot imagine their home without a real stove. Indeed, a stove can create comfort in any environment, and besides, having such an assistant, you don’t need to worry that for some reason you will suddenly find that you have nothing to cook dinner with or heat water.

Heating stoves can be made of metal (most often cast iron) or made of brick. Which one should you choose? - this will depend on several criteria: the area of ​​the room in which it will be installed, financial capabilities and personal preferences of the owner of the house.

Brick heating stoves

Traditional and brick fireplaces have always been and remain the most popular for the home. This fact is not surprising, since such stoves combine the most important functions, which are difficult for a person to do without even in a country house - heating a house and maintaining a comfortable microclimate in it for a long time, cooking, heating water, drying clothes, preparing for the winter.

That is why, despite the emergence of more modern heating devices, many still prefer brick buildings. Their variety is great - a very large number of designs are known that differ from each other not only in size, but also in functionality. This variety allows you to choose the model that is most suitable for the specific area and interior of the house and meets the needs of the owners.

To understand the nuances of brick ovens, it makes sense to consider several of the most popular options. However, no matter what type is chosen, it must in any case efficiently heat the house, and one of the most important design conditions for performing this function is the size of the furnace combustion chamber. Having decided on this parameter, it will be possible to choose the stove itself, since any of them is designed with a certain calculation.

The required size of the combustion chamber must be in accordance with the heated area. In addition, the minimum cross-section of the chimney pipe directly depends on the size of the firebox. You can use the following table as a starting point when choosing:

Home stoves can be divided according to their functionality:

• Just heating stoves - for example, “Dutch”.
• – these are stoves with a stove and oven, for example, “Swedish”, Russian stove and others.
• Fireplace stoves - their functionality is clear from the name itself.
• Heating stoves for special purposes stand somewhat apart - these are sauna heaters, stoves for heating greenhouses, garages, and other outbuildings.

Dutch type heating stoves

“Dutch” is a heating stove, which is intended exclusively for heating rooms. This design can be quite compact and is perfect either for a small building, or as a second, additional stove in the house. It can be placed between two rooms; it will not only heat them effectively, but will also serve as a wall.

"Dutch" came to Russia from Western Europe at the beginning of the 18th century and reliably took root in Russian huts. Since that time, Russian stove makers have significantly reconstructed the original model, since at first it did not have valves, and the heat went directly into the pipe. In the internal structure of the furnace appeared complex channels which help retain heat for a long time. In addition, some modernized “Dutch” models now have tanks for heating water and drying chambers.

The scheme of the traditional “Dutch” looks like this:

You can find out how to properly fold this compact and easy-to-use by following the link to the corresponding publication on our portal. There you can also find recommendations for constructing a foundation for it, detailed instructions masonry with order diagram and other useful information.

"Swede"

The “Swedish” is a more rational design, since it, with compact dimensions comparable to the “Dutch”, initially includes such elements as a stove and a drying chamber, and sometimes even an oven.

The diagram of a traditional “Swedish” stove looks like this:

Interesting historical facts — original version“Swedish”, as can be understood from its name, was developed in Sweden by order of the government due to the need to save firewood, which was sorely lacking in the winter. Its authors were engineer Karl Johan Kronsted and General Fabian - they presented their project in 1767. The stove took root and became widespread not only in Sweden, but also in a number of other northern countries, one of which was Russia, where the “Swedish” began to gain popularity at the end of the 19th century. Before the advent of this model, fireplace-type stoves were most often built in Sweden, giving off little heat and requiring a large amount of fuel.

The Swedish design is perfect for small and large houses. During the time that has passed since the appearance of the first such stove, various variations have appeared, from which you can choose the optimal one for the existing conditions of a country house.

You can find out for yourself by following this link to a special portal page dedicated to this particular topic.

Kitchen stove-stove

A kitchen brick stove-stove can easily be called the most economical in construction and compact in size option of all existing heating structures. However, such a stove-stove is designed only for heating the kitchen itself and cooking. Of course, it can be used to divide one large country room into two zones, organizing a kitchen in one of them, and something like a bedroom in the other. In this case, the rest room will be heated from the back of the stove for 10 ÷ 12 hours.

In addition, the advantages of this design include its relative lightness compared to other buildings, which means that such a stove does not require a massive and too deep foundation. The structure occupies a very small area - a little more than an interior partition with a table installed next to it.

There are also more massive models of stove-stoves that can be chosen if there is enough space for them in the house.

The stove-stove diagram is quite simple and can be easily implemented on our own. However, in order for the main work to be successful, the craftsmen recommend first laying the entire structure “dry”. This operation is necessary in order to get at least minimal practice and “fill” your hand, as well as understand the structure of each of the rows. In addition, it becomes possible to precisely adjust the bricks for subsequent masonry

It is produced in accordance with developed and tested serial schemes more than once. If this particular stove option is chosen, then you can find a large number of “orders” for rectangular and square-shaped structures, with and without a chamber around the stove, with an oven and with a water heating tank.

It is impossible not to mention the design features of a kitchen stove with a stove bed located behind or on the side. This option is perfect for country house, since, we can say, one sleeping place will always be ready. Even if there is no need to warm up, since the nights are warm, the couch can be used as a bed - you just need to put a mattress and pillow on it.

If there is enough space in the house, and there is a desire to build such a structure, then the design of this stove will be not much more difficult than ordinary slabs Naturally, more material will be required for work, and more time will be spent on laying, but you can save on buying a bed and at the same time always have a place to dry wet clothes and shoes, fruits, vegetables and berries.

The layout of such a furnace can be clearly seen in the presented figure.

Prices for refractory bricks

Fire brick

Video: super-compact heating and cooking stove

Russian stove

A real Russian stove is a rather massive structure that requires large area for installation and a large amount of fuel for good warming up. Previously, the stove occupied about half the area of ​​the hut, as it was the main element in the house - it not only fed the whole family, but also treated them, and also provided a cozy place to sleep. Shelves were built around it, on which sleeping places were arranged.

Today you can rarely find a real Russian stove in private homes, since it takes up a lot of space, requires a massive foundation, a large amount of material for masonry, and today hardly anyone will sleep on the stove or floors. But still, some owners of mansions choose this particular version of the heating stove to maintain their interior style, since it becomes not only a functional building, but also decorative element interior

If you have been dreaming about it, and the only thing missing is instructions for its construction, we recommend that readers follow the link. In the article that opens, you will find not only a detailed guide, but also a list of everything necessary for the masonry process, as well as a 3D order.

Stoves and fireplaces

The dream of many homeowners is to have a fireplace in their private home. However, they must clearly understand that in “ pure form" He low-functional and is only suitable for heating one small room. Usually, romantic people miss fireplaces, dreaming of spending cold evenings near an open fire, the opportunity to crackle with dry, fragrant wood. But, for example, for a country house this is not enough, since the fireplace will not provide the opportunity to cook food or bake bread, and the heat from it disappears very quickly.

For this case, a design was developed that combines a heating stove with a hob and oven, and a fireplace, which can be used separately.

Such a design can be either compact or quite massive. In some models, the fireplace insert is located on the side, in others - on the side opposite to the stove. The fireplace stove can be installed in such a way that its side with the stove and oven would face the side kitchen area, and the fireplace is in side recreation areas.

The diagrams of this structure are not too complicated, but it will be necessary to purchase a lot of additional metal elements.

To find out in more detail how the process goes, you need to refer to the article on our portal dedicated to this particular topic.

Types of brick kilns according to installation location

In addition to classifying brick stoves according to functionality, size and massiveness, they can also be divided according to the shape of the base and their location in the house. This is also an important criterion for choosing a particular model.

Furnaces based on the shape of their base can be:

- simply rectangular or rectangular with a protrusion in the form of a hob;

- square;

- round;

— triangular (trapezoidal), for location in the corner;

- T-shaped.

• Rectangular stoves can be installed near a wall, act as a wall, or stand in the middle of a room that needs to be divided into two different zones.

In addition, a rectangular oven may have a protrusion in the form of a hob.

Any of the types of stoves described above can be rectangular. The structure can have massive or compact forms. The choice of the desired option depends on the area of ​​​​the premises and the capabilities of the owners.

• Square stoves can also be installed anywhere in the room. They are quite compact, although they can be quite multifunctional, and not only cope with space heating, but also have a water heating tank and a hob.

• A round stove can rarely be found in private homes in lately, although it was quite popular before. This structure was often installed at the junction of three small rooms, and it not only warmed the neighboring rooms, but also added personality to the interior.

Round ovens are also often called “Dutch ovens”, as they have internal structure, identical to the original original design. Such a structure has an elegant appearance and does not take up much space, but is characterized by low functionality and does not retain heat for a long time. Therefore, if the house has only stove heating, then a round “Dutch stove” is often installed as a second stove in order to heat the premises faster.

• Corner oven can be called the most compact of all. Made with high quality, it will heat the room just as well as stoves of other shapes. However, usually a corner oven has only one function - heating. Of course, you can dry your shoes or clothes near it, but you cannot cook food or warm water.

If the goal is to build in one of the rooms, then it is best to replace it with a corner stove, which will look like a fireplace portal, but will give much more heat.

• A T-shaped stove does not have many functions, but it is capable of warming three rooms of the house at once, since in its rear walls there are special channels through which hot air passes during combustion.

This type of stove is, as it were, part of the wall, therefore, despite its massiveness, it does not occupy a large area. A compact oven or even a single-burner hob can be built into the design. A good option for choosing if you cannot manage without stove heating in three rooms of the house, but you need to save as much space as possible.

Cast iron heating stoves

Modern cast iron stoves are often no less popular than brick stoves, since in some of their qualities they even surpass massive buildings. These advantages include more low cost, compactness, elegant appearance, the ability to do without a massive foundation, easy and quick installation.

If there is not enough space in the house for a brick stove, then you should opt for a cast iron one, especially since this metal has qualities that are ideal for heating appliances.

Its advantages include the following qualities:

• Cast iron heats up quickly as it has very good thermal conductivity. Thanks to this, the room is filled with heat in an extremely short time. The metal joint venture is special to withstand high temperatures, while not deforming, preventing T t cracks and, having heated up, due to its massiveness and heat capacity, it cools down for a long time, giving off heat to the room.
• Provided that the house is well insulated, the cast iron unit will operate with an efficiency reaching 80-85%. This circumstance allows you to save fuel, which means there will be no extra expenses. If you purchase a high-quality cast iron stove and install the chimney correctly, your fuel costs will be significantly reduced.
• Due to the resistance of the material to high temperatures, such stoves will last a very long time, without creating significant problems for the home owner during operation. The minimum active service life warranty established by manufacturers for such heating devices is at least 10 years.
• Cast iron stoves are often equipped with heat-resistant glass doors with a built-in self-cleaning effect. They can be located either in the center of the front panel of the stove, or offset to one side and even on the side walls.
• In addition, if you choose a stove lined with ceramic coating, the duration of effective heat transfer will be even longer, that is, the heat in the room will remain longer.
• Any of the cast iron stoves are perfect for installation in a home of any size, as they take up very little space.

They are produced in four varieties: heating stoves, heating and cooking stoves, fireplace stoves and sauna stoves.

Heating cast iron stoves

Heating cast iron stoves work only to provide the house with heat. Thanks to the transparent door made of fireproof glass, you can watch the play of flames while sitting in a cozy chair on quiet evenings.

Unlike brick stoves, cast iron stoves take up very little space, and will look great in a small room in a house or cottage.

The stove is easy to install and does not require special strengthening of the base on which it will be installed. Many models are equipped with a niche for storing firewood, which allows you to always have dry fuel on hand.

Heating and cooking cast iron stoves

Heating and cooking stoves have one or two burners, and sometimes also an oven, which allow you to cook food, heat water and bake bread or pies. These functions are simply necessary in a summer cottage - they allow you to save on electricity, and if it is completely absent or is supplied with frequent interruptions, then the stove simply becomes an indispensable assistant.

A heating and cooking stove is also more efficient when heating a room, since the heat comes not only from the body, but also from the stove and oven. Even a kettle heated on the stove will also serve as a source of heat for some time.

Cast iron fireplace stoves

Cast iron fireplace stoves are equipped with glass doors that can be opened if desired to admire the open fire. Or you can keep it closed, then the device will largely perform the functions of a stove and effectively heat the room. A fireplace stove differs from a conventional heating stove in the larger size of its combustion hole.

Some fireplace stoves have a built-in oven, which is very useful when living in the country for a long time. If the oven has such a function, then all you need to do is take the necessary baking products with you to the countryside, and you can enjoy your own aromatic bread or pies every day with berries own dacha. An oven wouldn’t hurt in urban environments either, since it has long been noted that products cooked in a wood-burning oven are much more aromatic and tastier than in an electric or gas oven.

Cast iron fireplace stoves are produced in different forms. They can be not only rectangular and square, but also round or trapezoidal - corner. Therefore, you can always choose the right option, depending on the size of the room and the planned installation location.

Sauna stoves

To heat baths, special ones are made, in which there is a place for laying stones. When fired, they can become red-hot, as they say, releasing dry heat into the steam room. And if you want, just splash a little on them cold water or herbal decoction- and the room will be filled with fragrant, healing steam.

In more modern models special built-in heaters steam generators, which are capable of filling the room with steam in 12 ÷ 15 minutes after the furnace is flooded. There may also be special dispensers that ensure constant and uniform steam generation.

Several examples of manufactured cast iron stoves

At the end of the article - a small top review of popular cast iron heating stoves.

Stove-fireplace "Normandy"

The heating stove of the Russian company Meta has a neat and aesthetic appearance. The weight of this device is 170 kg, so it can easily be installed on a second floor of a two-story private house. The height of the furnace is 736, the width is 756, the depth of the firebox is 445 mm, and the diameter of the pipe is only 150 mm. The power of the furnace is 12 kW, thanks to which it is capable of heating rooms with a volume of up to 240 m³, almost without “stealing” the usable area.

The stove has a classic black color, which allows it to fit into any interior - it will look organic with furniture of any shade. The panel on the top of the stove allows you to cook lunch, heat water or brew coffee.

« Ambra"

This fireplace stove from the famous Polish company Eurokom has a retro design, which gives it a special appeal. The stove is produced in black or bronze, so it will easily match any interior color scheme. The characteristics of the furnace are as follows:

— height 730, depth 400, width 520 mm;

— weight – only 75 kg;

— thermal power is 9 kW;

— heated volume – 140÷150 m³;

— Efficiency – 70%;

— chimney diameter — 1 50 mm.

The hob is equipped with a lid with a through openwork pattern. It not only decorates the device, but also serves protective screen walls from splashes of food cooking on the panel.

The glass of the furnace has an additional fence in the form of a lattice, which also serves as a decorative decoration for it. There is a glass blowing function, a mode is provided long burning fuel – from one load – up to 10 hours.

Thanks to its outstanding characteristics and compactness, the oven in recent years became a top seller.

Stove-fireplace "Bavaria - Prismatic" with stove

This popular model from the Russian company Ecofireplace is a full-fledged kitchen stove, even resembling an electric or gas stove in its appearance. It has a comfortable height, so you don’t have to bend over while preparing food.

The stove has a niche for firewood, which allows it to dry if placed in it in advance.

The device is also equipped with a protective screen for the cooking oven and has a glass door that extends onto the side walls, which gives a more extensive, panoramic view of the fire. In addition, the glass walls are equipped with a special blower that protects the glass from carbon deposits, leaving it always clean.

The oven quickly warms up the room, while simultaneously making it possible to fully cook food. Its side walls are lined with ceramic panels, which help retain heat for a long time.

The fireplace stove has the following characteristics:

— height 945, depth 550, width 710 mm;

— chimney diameter – 200 mm;

- Efficiency - 80-85%;

- the stove is capable of heating a room of 260 ÷ 275 m³ thanks to its high thermal power - 14 kW.

The stove does not take up much space, so it is perfect even for a small kitchen. At the same time, logs up to 500 mm long can be placed in it, and the long-burning mode allows loading once every 5 ÷ 7 hours

Video: stove fireplace for home and garden Sofia in tiles

Prices for fireplaces and stoves

Fireplaces and stoves

When thinking about additional or main heating for your home, you need to calculate all the pros and cons of a particular device. Everything needs to be assessed - dimensions, thermal power, cost of materials or finished product, and complexity of installation or construction. The final decision is up to the homeowners.

In many private homes, heating with wood and stoves remains a priority. Some people have a metal stove, others a brick one, but they have one thing in common - this type of heating is not the most convenient. Too much attention and not enough comfort. The solution is stove heating with a water circuit.

Stove heating with a water circuit is an opportunity to combine tradition and comfort

First, let's understand the terminology. When they say “oven”, they most often mean heating device, built of brick, which is heated with wood. But often this is also the name given to a metal stove burning wood or coal. The operating principles of brick and metal units are the same, but the method of heat transfer changes. Metal ones have a greater convective component (most of the heat is transferred by air), while brick ones have a predominant thermal radiation - from the walls of the furnace and the heated walls of the house. Our article is mainly about brick stoves, but most of the information can also be applied to metal wood-burning (coal) units. Stove heating with a water circuit can be made using any type of stove.

Conventional stove heating: advantages and disadvantages

In our country, houses were traditionally heated with brick stoves, but gradually this type of heating was replaced by water systems. All this is because, along with its advantages, simple stove heating has a lot of disadvantages. First, about the advantages:

Today, stove heating is perceived more as exotic, as it is very rare. We can’t argue that it’s very pleasant to be near a warm stove. A special atmosphere is created. But there are also many serious disadvantages:

As you can see, the shortcomings are significant, but some of them can be leveled out if you build a heat exchanger into the stove, which is connected to a water heating system. This system is also called stove water heating or stove heating with a water circuit.

Water stove heating

When organizing water heating from a stove, a heat exchanger (water circuit) is built into the firebox, which is connected to the radiators through pipes. A coolant circulates in the system, which carries heat from the stove to the radiators. This solution increases the comfort of living in winter. The thing is that radiators can be installed in any room, that is, the stove can be in one room, and all other rooms will be heated by radiators through which heated water runs.

The remaining disadvantages of stove heating remain, but the advantages of water heating are added - you can regulate the temperature in each room (within certain limits), greater inertia smoothes out unevenness temperature regime. By the way, the same scheme works with metal stoves burning wood or coal.

Types of systems

There are two types of water heating systems: forced and natural circulation (EC). Heating with natural circulation is energy-independent (no electricity is required for operation), circulates due to natural physical processes. The disadvantage of this heating method is the need to use large-diameter pipes, that is, the volume of the system will be large and will have greater inertia. This is not very good when lighting the stove - it will take a long time to heat up. But after burning out, the house retains heat longer.

Another disadvantage is that to create conditions for the movement of coolant, the supply pipe is raised up - to the ceiling or to the level of the radiators (as a last resort). When heating two-story house, the pipe goes up from the boiler, is routed through the radiators, and then goes down and bypasses the radiators on the lower floor.

Another important drawback is the relatively low heating efficiency of systems with EC - the coolant moves slowly and carries little heat.

Stove heating with a water circuit and forced circulation is distinguished by the presence of a circulation pump (pictured below), which operates constantly. Its task is to drive water at a certain speed. By changing this speed you can change the intensity of heating of the premises. This leads to the fact that, other things being equal, such heating is more efficient. But for the system to operate, power is required - the pump must run constantly. When it stops, the system boils and fails. If power outages rarely occur for you, it is enough to have a set of batteries. If the lights are turned off often and for a long time, you will also have to install a generator, and the total cost of such a solution is considerable.

Stove heating diagram with a water circuit and circulation pump

There is also a third type of system: mixed or combined. Everything is designed for natural circulation, but a circulation pump is installed. As long as there is electricity, the heating operates as forced heating (with a pump); when the lights are turned off, the coolant moves on its own.

Heat accumulator

Since the stove is not heated constantly, but has a cyclic operating algorithm, the house is either hot or cold. And the presence of radiators does not help much from this. Although the differences are not so critical, they still exist. There is especially not enough warmth at night, and I really don’t want to get up and drown. To solve this problem, a powerful stove is installed, and a heat accumulator is built into the system. This is a large container filled with coolant, which stands between the stove and the heating system.

Stove heating with water circuit and heat accumulator

That is, there are two separate independent circuits. The first one transfers heat from the furnace and is usually made with natural circulation. The second drives the coolant into the radiators, and there is usually a circulation pump present.

This method of organizing water stove heating is good because while the stove is heating, the water in the container is actively heated. If calculated correctly, it heats up to 60-80°C, which is enough to maintain the normal temperature of the radiators for about 10-12 hours. There is no particular heat or extreme cold. The atmosphere is quite comfortable.

Installing a heat accumulator in the system (sometimes also called a buffer or buffer tank) also reduces the risk of the system boiling. The second circuit will definitely never boil, but to prevent the first from boiling, it is necessary to calculate it correctly - so that even in the mode natural circulation the coolant moved at a sufficient speed and did not have time to overheat.

Furnace register

To heat the coolant, a water circuit is built into the furnace (also called a register, heat exchanger, coil, water jacket). It can be of any shape, but most often they are made into rectangular flat containers or a set of pipes connected into a single system (such as radiators).

To connect the heat exchanger to the system, two pipes are welded into it: one on top - for intake hot water, second from the bottom - for pumping cooled water from the return pipeline.

Questions often arise with determining the size of the water circuit for the furnace. It can be approximately calculated based on the heat loss of the building. It is believed that to transfer 10 kW of heat, a heat exchanger area of ​​1 sq. m is required. m. But at the same time, you need to take into account the operating time of the stove - after all, it is not heated all the time. While it is not very cold - once a day for about 1.5 hours, when it is cold - twice. During this time, it is necessary for the oven to heat all the water in the heat accumulator. Therefore, the calculation of the heat exchanger area is carried out based on the daily amount of heat required to compensate for heat loss.

For example, let the heat loss for a house be 12 kW/hour. This will be 288 kW per day. The stove is heated, even for 3 hours, all the necessary heat should accumulate during this time. Then the required power of the water circuit for the furnace is 288 / 3 = 96 kW. To convert it into area, we divide by 10, we get that for these conditions, the register area should be 9.6 m2. What form you choose is up to you. It is important that outer surface the register was no less.

Well, a couple more points. The first is that the furnace power must be greater than the found heat exchanger power. Otherwise, the required amount of heat simply will not be released. The second nuance: the capacity of the heat accumulator must also match - it should be approximately 10-15% larger. In this case, boiling of the coolant is prevented.

Just remember that the heat capacity of water and antifreeze is very different. The battery with antifreeze as a coolant must be significantly larger than the water tank (in the same system).

What else is worth remembering is that it is advisable to insulate the heat accumulator well so that it retains heat longer. In this case, stove heating with a water circuit will be even more economical.

Is it possible to install a heating register in an existing furnace?

It would be more correct, of course, to build the furnace around the manufactured register. But, if the stove is already standing, you can still build a water circuit into it. True, you will have to try hard - they are of considerable size and must somehow hold on. So the task is not an easy one. In addition, do not forget that you will have to make two more conclusions - to connect the supply and return pipelines.

The best option is to make a water jacket under the shape of the stove (this one is for a metal stove with burners)

Finding a place to locate the register is also not very easy. Its direct contact with fire is very undesirable, but it should be in an environment of hot gases. In this case, you can hope that the heat exchanger will last a long time.

Now there are many modern alternatives to stove heating. Despite this, many homeowners are thinking about having a good old stove. Let's see what advantages this option has for heating a private home and, of course, we will study all the disadvantages, of which there are also many.

We wrote in detail about how you can heat a house without gas, we looked at various options. With so much choice, it would seem that ovens should become a thing of the past. But this is not at all true and the services of stove makers are still in demand. What is this connected with? Perhaps with the advantages that stove heating provides? Let's look at them in detail.

Advantages of stove heating:

Traditions, childhood memories, a special atmosphere. As children, many of us visited our grandparents, whose stove was the main place in the house. Do you remember how interesting it was to melt it with your own hands, what a pleasure it was to watch the flames attack the next log? There is something so special about a living fire, about the opportunity to light a stove and do such a pleasant and useful thing. A real stove still evokes nostalgia; it is an opportunity to return to your roots and make your home truly cozy.

Autonomy. Owners of private houses still depend on external energy supplies. A gas pipeline failure can be catastrophic in winter, as can a power outage due to a snowstorm. But stove heating depends solely on your foresight - stocked up on firewood, purchased coal - everything, your house will be warm, despite any force majeure circumstances.

Stove heating allows you to create a very comfortable microclimate for all inhabitants of the house. Convectors dry the air, like radiators, but radiant heat from the stove allows you to create comfortable living conditions. The heat from the stove perfectly fights dampness, helps prevent the appearance of mold, and there will be no place for a musty smell in such a house.

Firewood in some regions turns out to be a much more economical option than paying for gas or electricity. If the forest is nearby, you can save a lot by preparing firewood to heat your house yourself.

The stove is able to retain heat and serve as an additional source of ventilation. All this allows you to smooth out temperature changes in the house and avoid opening the window for ventilation once again.

Food cooked in a real oven, on a live fire, will be especially tasty. Some housewives specifically learn to cook in the oven in order to please their family with homemade dishes with a unique taste.

Stove heating also has disadvantages, and quite serious ones:

• You won't be able to relax with the stove. The ritual of kindling is invariably carried out every day during the cold season; it has to be cleaned, firewood brought in, and the condition of the chimney monitored. There is a lot of hassle, all work is done manually, no automation has yet been invented in this area. Therefore, if you want a real oven, be prepared for additional, time-consuming and daily activities. In addition, if you go away for a while in the winter, returning to a cold house will be uncomfortable.
• Live fire is always a fire hazard. An incorrectly made chimney, errors in operating the stove - all these are risks of fire. Special care must be taken.
• The construction of the furnace itself is already an expense. You need a separate foundation if you have a massive structure in the form of a Russian stove or Kuznetsov stove. And the services of a stove maker cost a lot, and not everyone can build a stove on their own.
• Installing a stove requires careful calculations. For example, experts do not recommend installing a stove in the bedroom - it is too dangerous. In addition, you should calculate the location so that the stove heats the maximum number of rooms. In old one-story houses with 4 rooms, the stove was placed right in the middle so that all the rooms could be heated at once.
• Firewood and coal for the stove should be prepared in advance; they require the correct storage location. Again additional hassle.

We state: today it is unnecessary and impractical to use a stove as the only source of heat. If there is no gas, you can always install a liquid or solid fuel boiler, or provide heating for the house using an electric boiler. However, the stove will become an additional source of heat, provide a special atmosphere at home, and will be a source of pride for the owners.