Energy of Belarus- one of the main sectors of the economy of the Republic of Belarus and is its most important structural component. The fuel and energy complex (FEC) ensures the functioning of all its industries and the sustainable socio-economic development of the country. The fuel and energy complex of Belarus includes systems of extraction, transport, storage, production and distribution of the main types of energy resources: natural gas, oil and its products, solid fuels, electrical and thermal energy. The development of the industry is determined by the concept of energy security and increasing the country's energy independence. Its implementation is ensured by a number of government programs to develop alternative sources of nuclear and renewable energy and increase the efficiency of use of fuel and energy resources.

The role of the complex in the country's economy is determined by the following parameters: it produces 24% of the country's industrial output, absorbs a quarter of all investments in fixed capital of industry, 22.8% of industrial and production fixed assets are concentrated in it, and employs 5.3% of industrial and production personnel.

The fuel and energy complex of Belarus includes:

• fuel industry (oil, gas, peat);
• electric power industry.

The fuel and energy complex has a developed production infrastructure, including a network of oil and gas pipelines, including main ones, as well as high-voltage power lines.

Authority government controlled The Ministry of Energy of the Republic of Belarus forms and implements the country's energy policy.

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The largest main oil and gas pipelines passing through the territory of Belarus

Extraction of combustible minerals

The maximum level of annual oil production, achieved in 1975, amounted to 7953.600 thousand tons. The main volume of production was obtained from the largest fields: Rechitsa, Ostashkovichsky, Vishansky, Tishkovsky, Yuzhno-Ostashkovichsky. Since 1976, oil production has been declining, and in 1997 it reached a level of 1.822 million tons. The determining factor for the decline was the deterioration in the structure of oil reserves, as the main fields entered the final stage of development. Replenishment of the resource base was carried out mainly through the discovery of small deposits with difficult-to-recover reserves. Since 1997, the process of falling oil production has been suspended, with its subsequent stabilization in 1999-2017. at the level of 1.6-1.8 million tons.

In total, there are 82 oil fields located in the tectonic zone of the Pripyat trough (in the Gomel region - 78 and Mogilev region - 4). In 2015, 59 fields were exploited, while the rest were being explored or mothballed.

Balance oil reserves: 61 million tons (2005), 47.1 million tons (2015). Half of the reserves are difficult to recover. Currently, work has begun to search for oil fields in the southern part of the Pripyat trough.

In order to sell petroleum products, the Belarusian Oil Company was created in May 2007.

Natural gas

Currently, Belarus does not have commercial natural gas deposits. When developing oil fields, associated gas is produced.

Peat

The main consumer of gas in Belarus is the electric power industry, whose share in the structure of gas consumption reaches up to 73%. 10% of gas is consumed in industry, another 7% is used as petrochemical feedstock. Gas consumption by the population and the public utility sector accounts for 7% of gross gas consumption in Belarus. Up to 3% of gas is used as motor fuel. The share of agriculture in the structure of gas consumption is insignificant - 0.3%.

Belarus is an important hub for the transit of Russian gas to Poland and other countries Western Europe(about 70% of transit volumes), Ukraine, Lithuania and the Kaliningrad region of the Russian Federation.

Transit of Russian natural gas through the territory of Belarus is provided through the following main gas pipelines:

• Yamal - Europe (diameter - 1420 mm);
• Torzhok - Minsk - Ivatsevichi (3x1220 mm);
• Kobrin - Brest - State Border (1020 mm);
• Minsk - Vilnius (1220 mm);
• Ivatsevichi - Dolina (2x1220 mm);
• Torzhok - Dolina (1420 mm);
• Volkovysk - State Border (273 mm).

On the territory of Belarus there are 3 underground gas storage facilities (UGS) with a total active gas capacity of about 1.28 billion cubic meters [ ] :

• Pribugskoe (0.6 billion cubic meters);
• Osipovichskoye (0.36 billion cubic meters);
• Mozyrskoye (0.315 billion cubic meters).

Peat industry

The peat industry produces peat for fuel, agriculture, chemical processing, and produces peat briquettes.

Currently, the peat industry is represented by 37 enterprises that extract and process peat; it is used primarily in the domestic sector. The main types of products are: peat briquettes, lump and sphagnum peat. Operating peat reserves raw material bases enterprises amount to 142.5 million tons, including peat suitable for briquetting - 100 million tons.

Electric power industry

Power transmission lines 220, 330 and 750 kV on the territory of the Republic of Belarus

Electric power industry produces, transmits and distributes electrical and thermal energy. It accounts for 7.3% of gross industrial output and 15.9% of fixed industrial production assets.

In 1889, the first power station was launched on the territory of the modern Republic of Belarus - at the Dobrush paper mill, in 1894 the first power station was opened in Minsk, in 1898 - in Vitebsk. By 1913, 11 power plants with a total capacity of 5.3 MW and an annual electricity generation of 3 million kWh were operating in the Belarusian provinces. Local peat and imported coal served as fuel for power plants. In 1927-1930, the Belorusskaya State District Power Plant was built (Orsha district of modern Vitebsk region) with a capacity of 10 MW. Another large power plant was Minsk CHPP-2. By 1940, the total capacity of the BSSR power plants, operating primarily on peat, was 128.8 MW with an annual output of 508 million kWh of electricity. In the 1950s - 1970s, many power plants were built, the largest of which are Lukomskaya (Lukomlskaya) State District Power Plant, Berezovskaya State District Power Plant, Minsk CHPP-3 and CHPP-4, Gomel CHPP-2, in the 1980s the construction of the Minsk Nuclear Power Plant began Thermal Power Plant, design of the Belarusian Nuclear Power Plant began. As of January 1, 1991, the installed capacity of power plants in the BSSR amounted to 6939.3 MW (more than 99% at thermal power plants). In 1985, large power plants stopped burning peat and coal, and power plants were switched to using fuel oil and natural gas. In 1992-1994, new power units were put into operation at the Minsk CHPP-4 and Gomel CHPP-2, and in 1999, the Minsk CHPP-5 was launched at the site of the nuclear CHPP.

The modern electric power industry of Belarus is a constantly developing highly automated complex, united by a common operating mode and a single centralized dispatch control. The production potential of the Belarusian energy system is represented by 22 large power plants, 25 regional boiler houses, includes almost 7 thousand km of system-forming and about 250 thousand km of high-voltage distribution power lines and more than 2 thousand km of heating networks. That is, the electric power industry is represented by a whole system of devices: from the most complex power plants to ShR 11 distribution cabinets. The installed capacity of power plants, according to Belenergo, amounted to 9.1 million kW in 2018. The basis of the electric power industry in Belarus is thermal power plants; they generate 99.9% of all electricity. Among thermal power plants, a distinction is made between condensing power plants (GRES) and combined heat and power plants (CHP). Their share in the total installed capacity is 43.7% and 56.3%, respectively.

The largest power plant in Belarus - Lukomlskaya GRES, with a capacity of 2560 MW, generates more than 40% of all electricity using natural gas and heating oil. Among the largest power stations should include Berezovskaya State District Power Plant (installed capacity - 930 MW).

Among the thermal power plants with installed capacity for generating electrical energy, the following stand out: Minsk CHPP-4 (1030 MW), CHPP-3 (420 MW). CHPP-5 (330 MW). Gomel CHPP-2 (540 MW), Mogilev CHPP-2 (345 MW), Novopolotsk CHPP (505 MW), Svetlogorsk CHPP (260 MW). Mozyr CHPP (195 MW), Bobruisk CHPP-2 (180 MW). Combined heat and power plants and district boiler houses generate about 60% of thermal energy. There are also several thousand small power plants that have low technical and economic characteristics and have a negative impact on environment, take up a significant amount of labor resources.

At various times, more than 50 hydroelectric power plants of small and medium power were built on the territory of Belarus, including the Vitebsk Hydroelectric Power Station (40 MW), the Polotsk Hydroelectric Power Station (21.66 MW), the Grodno Hydroelectric Power Station (17 MW), the Osipovichi Hydroelectric Power Station (2.2 MW ), Chigirinskaya HPP (1.5 MW).

In the 1980s, a nuclear power plant was built near Minsk, but after the disaster at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant, the unfinished construction was repurposed into a heat and power plant. In 2011, construction of the Belarusian Nuclear Power Plant began in the north-west of the country in the Ostrovets district of the Grodno region. The nuclear power plant will consist of two power units with a total capacity of up to 2400 (2x1194) MW. The Russian project “AES-2006” with pressurized water power reactors (VVER) of generation “3+” was selected. The first power unit is planned to be put into operation in 2019, the second - in 2020.

In the 2000s, the state began to attract foreign loans for energy development. On November 25, 2011, an agreement was concluded between the Government of the Republic of Belarus and the Government Russian Federation on the construction of the Belarusian nuclear power plant. 6 more loans of two types (for sale investment project and on the provision of a preferential purchase - “tied” - loan) was taken by the state from the Export-Import Bank of China and the State Development Bank of China: for the reconstruction of the Minsk CHPP-2 (2007), for the completion of the Minsk CHPP-5 (2009), for construction of a PGU-400 MW at Lukomlskaya GRES and Berezovskaya GRES (both in 2010), on the construction of power lines of the Belarusian Nuclear Power Plant (2013), on the reconstruction of the Minsk-Severnaya substation (2015).

An intergovernmental agreement with Russia on the construction of the Belarusian nuclear power plant was concluded in the amount of $10 billion. Repayment of the loan will begin six months after the nuclear power plant is put into operation and will be paid in dollars until 2035 in equal installments every six months. Half of the used part of the loan is charged 5.23% per annum, the second - a floating rate LIBOR (about 1% or less) + 1.83% per annum. Annual payments on this loan in 2021-2035 are estimated at $1 billion.

Largest power plants

Renewable sources

According to the Law of the Republic of Belarus “On Renewable Energy Sources”, electricity from renewable sources is purchased by state energy supply organizations in the first 10 years of operation of such power plants with increasing coefficients (in 2016 - 28-52 kopecks per 1 kWh with an average cost of production of 1 kW ·h at Belenergo power plants is 9.8 kopecks). In 2015, by presidential decree and resolution of the Council of Ministers of the Republic of Belarus, quotas were established for the installed capacity of alternative energy sources; while the share of renewable sources is planned to be 6% by 2020.

hydroelectric power station

In 2010, 45 million kWh out of 34.9 billion kWh was produced at hydroelectric power stations; after the commissioning of the Grodno Hydroelectric Power Station, electricity production at hydroelectric power stations in 2016 reached 142 million kWh.

The technical hydro potential of the republic is estimated at 2.5 billion kWh/year, implemented at more than 50 small hydroelectric power plants with an installed capacity of 95.8 MW (2017). The total electric power potential of all rivers in Belarus is estimated at 900 MW.

The largest hydroelectric power station is Vitebsk (40 MW, 138 million kWh) commissioned in 2017.

In May 2011, the country's first and highest wind power plant in the CIS was launched (2 km from Novogrudok) with a capacity of 1.5 MW. It is expected to generate about 3.8 million kWh of electricity per year (will meet the domestic needs of the population of the regional center).

In 2017, there were about 47 facilities in the country that operated wind turbines with a total installed capacity of 84 MW. By 2020, wind farms are expected to be commissioned in the Smorgon (15 MW), Oshmyany (25 MW), Lioznensky (50 MW) and Dzerzhinsky (160 MW) districts.

Solar power plants

In 2013, 0.4 million kWh was produced by solar power plants, in 2016 it reached 28 million kWh.

August 2015 - construction of a solar power plant with a capacity of 1.26 MW was completed in the village of Rozhanka, Shchuchinsky district. In 2016, another SEZ with a capacity of 2.5 MW was launched in the Shchuchinsky district [A solar power plant with a capacity of 2.5 MW was opened in Shchuchin]

solar power plant with a capacity of 5.7 MW in the Myadel region.

Summer 2016 - a solar power plant with a capacity of up to 18.48 MW was put into operation in the Braginsky district.

In October 2017, a solar power plant with a capacity of 55 MW was opened in the Rechitsa region.

Construction of a solar power plant with a capacity of 17 MW is underway in Smorgon. The first stage was put into operation in February 2017 [

The Belarusian mobile operator has built the country's largest solar park, with an area equal to 60 football fields and a total capacity sufficient to provide lighting for the entire city of Minsk.

The project was implemented not far from Bragin and serves as an example of alternative development of victims of Chernobyl disaster territories, reports"velcom".

The volume of investment in the project amounted to 24 million euros. As the company notes, this is both a long-term project in a promising market and a contribution to environmental conservation.

“The construction of a solar park in Bragin is an important project not only for velcom, but also for the country as a whole. The republic not only becomes more energy independent, but also gets the opportunity to reduce damage to the environment,” noted Vyacheslav Smirnov, head of the corporate communications department at velcom. – It is also important that thanks to the project there is a revival of territories that suffered from the Chernobyl disaster and are now considered unsuitable for doing business. The example of the Solar Park proves that unique projects can be implemented in such regions.”

The solar power plant will increase the energy security of Belarus by reducing its dependence on hydrocarbons. Every hour of the park's operation will allow the country to save 7 thousand cubic meters of natural gas.

The solar power plant in Bragin was built ahead of schedule. The project was completed 4 months earlier. It was no coincidence that they were in a hurry - so that the power plant would “catch” as many sunny summer days as possible.

The power plant occupies an area of ​​over 41 hectares, and its rated power reaches a record for Belarusian solar power plants of 18.48 MW.

To connect all the panels and equipment together, more than 730 km of cables were laid in the solar park, which together exceeds the distance from Minsk to Moscow. The company also built a 4.5 km high-voltage transmission line with 22 towers and a transformer. This made it possible to connect the solar power plant with the Bragin substation.

The solar park is intended to breathe life into areas affected by the Chernobyl nuclear power plant accident and become an example of how contaminated land can be used for commercial activities and benefit the local economy. Local contractors will be involved in the operational maintenance of the park.

It is planned that local contractors will be involved in the operational maintenance of the Chernobyl solar power plant.

Let us remind you that earlier reported that the Ukrainian government also intends to use the Chernobyl exclusion zone as an industrial hub for the production of renewable energy. In particular, it is planned to build a giant solar farm with a capacity of 1.4 GW on its territory. An active search for foreign and domestic investors is currently underway to implement the project.

There is a solar power plant in the Myadel region, and she intends to continue to develop alternative energy sources in Belarus. The company's immediate plans include the construction of about 25 biogas plants.

A solar power plant with a capacity of 5.8 megawatts (MW) was built this spring in the area of ​​the village of Rudoshany, Narochsky village council, on the site of an abandoned quarry and landfill. Investments amounted to $10.6 million. “50% are our own funds, 50% are resources from the EBRD (European Bank for Reconstruction and Development) received through Belgazprombank,” a representative of the Modus energija company told TUT.BY.

The station is located on an area of ​​14 hectares, equipped with 22.6 thousand solar modules. The duration of operation of the power plant in accordance with the business plan is more than 25 years.

All Electric Energy will be supplied to the Belarusian energy networks. Taking into account the purchase prices provided for in the Belarusian law on renewable energy sources, investors hope that the solar power plant will pay for itself in 7 years.

The new plant can produce 6.27 million kWh of electricity annually - enough to supply about 3 thousand households for this period.

“This is the largest solar power plant not only in Belarus, but also in the region - it is more powerful than any power plant in Lithuania, other Baltic countries or Poland. At the same time, this is the largest project of Modus energija abroad,” the press release quotes the words of the head of Modus energija, Nikolai Martynyuk.

“Why did you invest in solar energy in the Myadel district in the Minsk region? This is the most active area for attracting investments,” Modus energija notes. In negotiations with the Belarusian authorities " there were no big problems, everything was resolved in a working order».

In Belarus and other countries, Modus energija has equipped more than one “green” power plant - their total capacity is more than 20 MW. The company's future plans include development across the European region. Modus energija last year received 755.9 thousand euros of net consolidated profit - 1.9 times more than a year ago (394.7 thousand euros). Modus energija's revenues decreased by 9% last year to 7.074 million euros.

At the same time, representatives of the Modus energy company hope that the solar power plant will not be the only investment in Belarus in the field of renewable energy. The company is currently working on a biogas project. Modus energija plans to build a network of biogas plants with a total capacity of 25 MW.

Investments in this project are estimated at 100 million euros. International loans are ready to support him financial institutions EBRD and IFC. Plus, the Belarusian bank and Modus group can provide financing, Modus energija said.

Where will the installations be located? " All over Belarus", they say in Modus energija. It is already known about three farms (“Fatherland” - Pruzhany district, “Parokhonskoye” - Pinsk district and “Vasilishki” - Shchuchinsky district) that are part of the “Machulishchi” agricultural complex under the management of the President of Belarus. During 2017–2018, eight installations will be built on their territory, and the installed capacity will be 8 MW. Payback is estimated " at 7−8 years old».

The Lithuanian company has already registered two subsidiaries in Belarus - CJSC Kobylovka Biogas and CJSC Parokhonskoe Biogas. They are included by a resolution of the Council of Ministers in the list of legal entities that have the rights to create installations for the use of renewable energy sources within the allocated quotas. This means that enterprises will be able to sell the generated electricity to the country’s general energy grid at the so-called “green” tariff. Regarding the Lithuanian investor, the coefficient to the tariff for industrial enterprises will be 1.25. Kobylovka Biogas intends to put into operation the first biogas installation with a capacity of 1 MW already in next year. The completion date for five more installations of the same capacity in the Brest region is 2018.

According to the publication “Evening Brest”, the Lithuanian company undertakes to give 15% of the proceeds from the sale of generated electricity to “Otechestvo” and “Parokhonsky”, on whose livestock waste the biogas plants will operate. In the Committee on agriculture and the food department of the regional executive committee call such conditions “ideal” - provided that they are met.

Modus energija is one of the divisions of the multidisciplinary Modus grupė, present on the Belarusian market in several sectors. Firstly, the company is a supplier of BMW and Mini; the Belarusian business includes the companies Avtoidea (import) and Unimodus (autocenter). Secondly, through the ModusPark company, the Lithuanian investor is developing a network of paid parking lots. Its owner is Kestutis Martinkenas, who in 2015 ranked 28th in the list of the largest Lithuanian businessmen with a fortune of 71 million euros.