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Last revision: 05/15/2017

The pipe is used to remove waste gases from a home stove or fireplace during combustion. There are two types of stove pipes: mounted - with its base resting directly on the stove, and main - assembled as a separate structure. For self-construction brick chimney, read this article with recommendations from the best craftsmen.

Requirements

In accordance with SNiP standards ( building codes and rules) when building a brick chimney, as well as during its possible reconstruction, the following requirements are met:

1. When laying the working channel, no horizontal sections of exhaust gas wiring should be formed. If it is absolutely impossible to do without them, it is allowed to use horizontal segments with a total length of no more than 100 cm.
2. When flat roof the outer part of the chimney rises above its surface by at least 100 cm.

With a pitched roof, the requirements for the outer part look somewhat different:

• when the distance from the pipe outlet to the ridge line is less than 150 cm, the first one is at least 50 cm higher than it;
• if the specified distance reaches 300 cm, the pipe is installed at the same level as the ridge;
• when they are separated from each other by a distance of more than 300 cm, the upper cut of the chimney pipe must coincide with a conventional line extended at an angle of 10 degrees to the horizon of the ridge.

Masonry of the lower section

Before you build a brick chimney, you should familiarize yourself with its design consisting of the following elements:

1. Sealant made of sealant.
2. The upper cone is made of stainless steel.
3. Lightweight roof slab (“for lining”).
4. Facial masonry.
5. Thermal insulation.
6. Ventilation duct.
7. Chamotte channel.
8. Cantilever (base) plate.
9. Additional ventilation holes.

You will need the following tool:

• ordinary trowel (trowel);
• construction plumb line;
• electric drill with attachment;
• level of any type, roulette.

Note! A prerequisite for assembling a brick chimney is the use of a pre-prepared clay solution with an admixture of clean and dry sand for its laying. Ensure that the structure is vertical in relation to the horizon, carefully monitoring it using a plumb line along the entire length of the exhaust duct. Drive a couple of nails into the upper and lower parts and stretch a strong string between them, focusing on which you can control the strict verticality of the masonry.

Making "fluff"

The expansion of the chimney brick channel, arranged in the ceiling, eliminates the possibility of thermal effects on flammable parts of the ceiling structure.

This structural element is usually made of either brick or concrete. But simple insulation of the passage area with a special material that does not support combustion (basalt mineral wool, For example). In the latter case, the insulation plate has a thickness of at least 10 cm.

Let's take a closer look at the arrangement of a “fluff” made from traditional material. It is necessary to strictly follow the order of laying, with each subsequent row expanding by approximately 4 cm.

Note! The height of the resulting element should not be lower than the existing attic floor in the structure. Upon completion of the construction of this part of the channel, the junction with the building structure must be laid on all sides with a thick layer of special fire-resistant sheet asbestos at least 1 cm thick.

Upon completion of the “fluff” design, the remaining part of the chimney duct (up to the plane of the roofing) is laid in the same way as before the expansion, with mandatory control of all plumb operations.

Arrangement of the "otter"

The chimney must have another extension, called an “otter,” located outside above the roof plane. Such a structure is necessary to protect the upper part from adverse climatic influences.

For buildings with different roof slope angles, the design of this type of element will have certain features, which you can find in special sources.

Note! For all possible versions of the “otter” design, the laying of this section of the chimney is always done with the addition of dry cement to the masonry mortar in a ratio of 1:10 and the addition of a small amount of water.

The order of laying out the external extension

Two rows of bricks are laid from the roof level, the third row is laid offset in one plane outward by 1/4. It is important that the quarter shift is made only in one direction! Subsequent rows are laid with exactly the same offset of 1/4, but this is already done from 2 sides, that is, in the direction of two perpendicular planes relative to the offset of the previous row.

Make sure that the size of the internal channel does not change throughout its entire length.

Below is a selection of photos and diagrams of different designs of brick chimneys.

Photo

The choice of a brick device as a chimney for a stove is primarily due to its excellent draft and presentable appearance. In addition, such a chimney will serve its owner much longer than its metal or pipe counterparts. The installation of a brick chimney requires compliance with the finest technological nuances associated with masonry. We’ll look at how to lay out a brick chimney in a high-quality manner below.

Brick chimney: requirements, size, configuration

The chimney is the most important part heating system, because the correct functioning of all equipment depends on its quality. The main function of a high-quality chimney is to remove products that are formed during the combustion process and provide high draft that promotes fuel combustion.

A brick chimney is characterized primarily by its low cost, durability and good performance characteristics. Brick tolerates both low and high temperatures well.

It is the correct calculation of the chimney that ensures comfortable conditions, for people who live in the building. High-quality chimney can reduce the level of fuel needed to heat the stove; in addition, fire safety and indoor air quality depend on it.

Each equipment connected to the chimney must meet the following requirements:

• ensuring fire protection - the chimney must have a high level of fire safety, minimum distance there must be at least 38 cm between the chimney and the wall, in addition, in areas where the chimney passes through the ceilings, it is necessary to construct special extensions;
• the height value significantly affects the draft, a correctly determined chimney height significantly improves the draft and the fuel combustion procedure takes place with high productivity, the minimum chimney height is 500 cm;
• chimney thickness is a parameter that ensures fire safety indoors, the thicker the chimney, the less it heats up; the optimal chimney thickness parameter is 100 mm;
• in relation to the internal cross-section of the chimney, it must be laid out in such a way that there are no differences in the internal size.

Please note that each chimney is individual, its calculations are made in relation to the individual characteristics of the room, but still each chimney made of brick must be sealed and have a smooth inner surface.

Smoke moves inside the chimney in a spiral shape, so most often the chimney has a round shape. Although, brick does not allow you to build a chimney in this form. Most often, a chimney made of brick has the shape of a rectangle or square.

Although, the corner sections of the chimney are places that prevent the normal movement of smoke in the system. By using plaster mixture, the leveling value makes it possible to smooth the surface of the chimney so that it is round inside.

Please note that the quality of work must be at the highest level, since the plaster is prone to crumbling due to temperature changes. The size of the chimney significantly affects the quality of draft. In addition, the chimney must be in harmony with the overall exterior of the room. On small house, a chimney that is too large in size will look unsightly.

The optimal size of the chimney is 26x13 cm. This structure is constructed by laying each row of five bricks. Although it is possible to make a chimney with a larger diameter, this will require more effort.

Laying a brick chimney pipe

It is necessary to start laying from the top of the stove; before this, a mounted pipe is installed on its surface. To build it, you will need to observe dressing between the rows.

The brick is laid in the same way as during the construction of the wall. But there are still certain features of laying a brick chimney:

1. Make sure that each row is horizontal and regularly check it for evenness. In addition, it is necessary to monitor the verticality of the entire structure.

2. To ensure strong adhesion between bricks, it is recommended to use a composition of clay, cement and sand as a solution. The ratio of sand to cement is two to five, and part of the clay is necessary.

3. The solution is applied to a brick with a thickness of five to ten millimeters. If the layer of mortar is too thick, the structure will be less durable, since temperature changes will lead to its crumbling.

4. Another important aspect is the correct sealing of joints between bricks. If you neglect this procedure, sparks from the chimney will enter the room.

5. During the laying process, use only whole bricks; if you need to install a certain part of the brick, then the layer of mortar for laying it should be minimal.

What chimney brick should you use?

To build a brick chimney, you only need two basic materials in the form of bricks and mortar. We suggest that you familiarize yourself with the recommendations for choosing materials for chimney construction:

1. The choice of brick should be carried out with particular seriousness. The material must be fireproof and high quality. The minimum grade value is 200. In appearance, the brick should have smooth edges, a clear rectangular shape, good firing and be strong enough. Optimal size bricks for arranging a chimney is 25x12x6.5 cm.

2. The next point is making the solution. To build a durable chimney, you will need a solution containing water, sand, clay and cement. A high-quality solution contains fine sand with small grains. Otherwise, the thickness of the solution layer increases, and the quality and strength of the chimney decreases. Particular attention should be paid to the clay; it should not contain foreign impurities, and the water for preparing the solution should be clean and soft.

The stove roof is adjacent to the chimney using a special material that waterproofs this area. To ensure the room is protected from moisture and atmospheric precipitation a thickening called an otter is made on the outside of the chimney.

If there is no otter, then a material is used in the form of galvanized iron, which is mounted on the roof in a special way.

If you follow the previously given tips and recommendations, the brick chimney will be of high quality and durable. However, there are certain points in which inexperienced builders most often make mistakes, and we’ll talk about them further.

The first and most common mistake is a small pipe. It leads to the fact that in the stove or other heating device no traction. Such a chimney is not able to function normally. Therefore, before carrying out work on arranging a brick chimney, you should carefully study the recommendations for determining the optimal length of the chimney pipe, which can provide good draft.

Failure to comply with the proportions for preparing the solution leads to the fact that cleaning the chimney becomes difficult, and the solution crumbles over time. The more uniformly located the internal channel of the chimney, the better the quality of smoke and all combustion products removed from it. If the duct is made poorly, then smoke enters the room, and this threatens the residents of the house with poisoning.

Try to ensure that the chimney is as vertical as possible and avoid horizontal sections that are too long. If it is planned to deviate the chimney, then in an area of ​​up to 100 cm, the chimney should deviate by no more than thirty degrees.

How to make a chimney from brick: design features of the chimney

Before making a brick chimney, you should carefully study its design. The first element of the chimney is a pipe installed on the shoulders. It has a latch. To lay out the pipe, the bricks should be tied.

If you count 5-6 rows of bricks from the ceiling, then at this stage you should arrange the neck of the fluff. This element is a kind of widening, although the diameter inside is the same as the chimney. The diameter of the outer part of this element is reduced by 30-35 cm.

A chimney located in the attic is called a riser; this section extends right up to the roof base. The next cutting element is the otter, it expands on each side by at least 100 mm. It is this fragment of the chimney that prevents precipitation from entering the interior of the room.

After the otter comes the arrangement of a neck, the size of which is similar to the cross-section of the chimney. The final fragment of the chimney is the arrangement of the head, on which a part in the form of a deflector or metal cap is installed. Thus, the chimney is protected from snow, rain or wind. In addition, these elements significantly improve traction.

Step-by-step construction of a brick chimney with your own hands

We suggest dividing the work of laying a brick chimney into several stages:

1. Preparatory stage.

First you should consider the diagrams of brick chimneys and choose best option, which will suit the individual parameters of the room and heating equipment. If you have a conventional wood stove, you will need to carefully design each of the rows of masonry. And if the stove is gas, then you need to install a metal pipe inside the chimney.

Before starting to lay the chimney, you should install a rectangular foundation. For its construction you will need solid brick or concrete with metal reinforcement. The minimum height of the foundation is 300 mm, and the width is 150 mm greater than the chimney itself.

2. The next stage involves the direct work of laying a brick chimney with your own hands.

For these works, a special scheme will be required, according to which each brick is laid. Red or refractory bricks should be used to lay out the chimney. If the temperature in the chimney is too high, it is recommended to use special solutions fire-resistant purpose. Otherwise, using a solution of cement with lime or cement with clay is sufficient.

In order to cut off a certain part of the brick, you should use grinder, and marks are made using a marker. The strength of the chimney directly depends on the thickness of the layer; the thinner it is, the stronger and more reliable the chimney.

To form an otter or other areas of similar purpose, it is sufficient to use metal rods that are mounted along the frame of the structure. Please note that the rods should not be located along the diameter of the chimney, as they will become an obstacle to the removal of combustion products. In addition, you should take into account the fact that the high width of the chimney depends on the thickness of the mortar that is applied to the brick.

In addition, in the process of making a brick chimney for the boiler, special holes should be made that will simplify the cleaning procedure. The wall inside the chimney must be particularly even. To do this, they must be finished with plaster. Thus, soot will not accumulate on the walls, which negatively affects the quality of the chimney.

3. The final stage of manufacturing chimneys for brick stoves.

If the chimney is being erected directly next to a wall, then to increase its stability, it should be fixed to it using steel anchors at intervals of 25 cm. At the junction of the chimney, ceiling and roof, asbestos-based or fiberglass-based fabric should be laid. Although the brick is heated rather slowly, it is still necessary to reduce possible fire. One more important point is the fact that the minimum height of a chimney rising above the roof is 300 mm.

To increase the attractiveness of a brick chimney on the outside of a building, it is necessary to insulate and finish it. Choose thermal insulation materials that have good resistance to high temperatures and moisture. Thermal insulation will help avoid the accumulation of condensation in the chimney due to temperature changes. It is recommended to use facing bricks or special roofing materials as finishing.

Brick chimneys video:

The efficiency and safety of heating equipment - stoves and boilers - the operating principle of which is based on fuel combustion, is determined by the condition and technical parameters chimney. The most popular and reliable design for private households and baths is a brick chimney. It is attractive appearance, good traction and ease of operation.

High-quality construction of a chimney requires strict adherence to all stages of the technological process associated with brickwork.

General rules for the construction of brick chimneys

When building a chimney structure for a private home, it is important to consider a number of basic rules:

1. Installation of chimney elements begins from bottom to top.
2. The inner pipe is installed in the previous structural element, and the outer part is pushed on top. This provides protection against the formation of condensation on the insulating layer, which is located in the inner part of the circuit.
3. Clamp connectors are used to secure a chimney pipe with triple and outlet elements.
4. Connecting sections should not be located at the level of the ceilings or roofing pie.
5. The tee is mounted on a support bracket.
6. Every 200 cm of the chimney pipe is fixed in the wall using reliable fasteners.
7. When fixing the pipe to the wall surface, there should be no deflections or deformations of the chimney. This will lead to a decrease in thrust in the finished system.
8. The smoke duct should not come into contact with the main communications: electrical wiring, gas supply pipe, water pipes, ventilation.
9. When venting the chimney through the ceilings and roof, it is necessary to make a small indent of 15 cm for heat-insulated pipes and 30 cm for non-insulated pipes.
10. Avoid creating horizontal sections of the chimney system whose length exceeds 100 cm.

In addition, when arranging a chimney, the thermal expansion parameter of the system should be taken into account.

When using flammable materials for roofing installation, the chimney is equipped with a special spark arrester made of metal fine mesh (mesh size 5x5 mm).

Structural elements

Structurally stove chimneys consist of several sections, each of which has its own purpose and technical features. The chimney design is represented by the following elements:

1. Beam with overlap.
2. With fluff.
3. Pipe riser.
4. Rafters.
5. Roofing.
6. Otter.
7. Lathing.
8. Cement mortar.
9. Pipe neck.
10. Headline.
11. Iron cap.

The main purpose of the chimney is to quickly and safely remove combustion products of fuel material from the combustion chamber to the outside. To do this, a connection is provided between the chimney pipe and the internal channels with which the furnace equipment is equipped.

The fluff is the wide part of the chimney, which is located in the area where it is discharged through the ceiling of the attic. It is designed to protect floor beams from the negative effects of high temperatures. The wall thickness ranges from 32 to 40 cm, which ensures high-quality insulation up to 25 cm thick.

Otter is a technically complex section of the chimney system that serves as protection roofing material and pipes from the negative effects of precipitation and condensation. In addition, it provides the necessary space for laying waterproofing material.

The neck of the chimney pipe is a structural element that is equipped with a smoke damper to adjust the draft.

The riser is a straight section of pipe, made of even masonry, which is located in the attic between the fluff and the otter.

The cap is part of the chimney, which forms a special canopy made of brickwork, providing the necessary protection of the pipe from external negative factors.

An iron cap is a structural element in the form of an umbrella or cap, located above the head of the pipe. It is designed to protect the internal smoke exhaust duct from clogging.

Calculation of brick chimney parameters

For high-quality installation of a smoke exhaust system, a preliminary calculation of the main parameters is required - the height of the pipe and the cross-section of the channel for gas removal. This will ensure excellent traction and safe operation of the structure.

Pipe height

This parameter is determined based on technical requirements:

• The minimum permissible height difference between the grate and the top is 5 meters.
• If the roof is made of flammable materials, the height of the chimney cap will be 150 cm; when laying a roof made of non-combustible material, the height will be 50 cm.

The presence of a parapet or ridge should not interfere with safe operation chimney. To do this, the following rules are observed:

• When the pipe is located at a distance of 150 cm from the ridge or parapet, its elevation above them is 50 cm.
• When removing the chimney head from the parapet and ridge at a distance of 150 to 300 cm, no additional elevation is required.
• When the head is removed from the edge of the roof by 300 cm, it can be located below the ridge at a height along an inclined straight line with an angle of 12 degrees.

If there is a tall building on the site, the chimney should be 50 cm higher than its roof.

Channel cross section

If the chimney is installed for a metal stove or for a solid fuel boiler, then the calculation of the appropriate cross-section is carried out taking into account the operating power of the equipment:

• Power – up to 3.5 kW, cross-section – 14×14 cm.
• Power - from 3.6 to 5.1 kW, cross-section - 14x20 cm.
• Power - from 5.1 to 6.9 kW, cross-section - 20x27 cm.
• Power – from 7.1 kW, cross-section – 27×27 cm.

Data on the power of factory heating equipment are indicated in the technical data sheet. For homemade devices a similar parameter is calculated using the formula:

W = V×0.63×0.8×E/t, where

W – power of heating equipment (kW).

V – volume of the combustion chamber (cubic m).

0.63 – average load factor of the combustion chamber.

0.8 is a coefficient that determines the part of the fuel material that burns completely.

E – thermal energy of the fuel material (kWh/cubic m).

T – duration of combustion of one load of fuel (hour).

Thermal energy depends on the type of wood and its moisture content.

Types of bricks

The operation of a chimney made of refractory bricks is carried out in special conditions with temperature changes, so for its construction it is necessary to use construction material best quality. From the right choice depends on the safety and reliability of the structure, the resistance of the structure to cracking and deformation, and reducing the risk of creating a fire hazard.

First class

Solid refractory bricks are made from high-quality clay by prolonged firing at high temperatures. The following signs are characteristic of it:

• Density of the consumable material, absence of porosity and foreign inclusions.
• Smooth and even surface without deformations, potholes, cracks and other visual defects.
• When tapped, a clear and pleasant sound appears.
• It has high frost resistance and strength.
• It has an attractive red color with a slight yellowish tint.

Second-rate

Brick is produced by insufficient firing of clay, so it is characterized by:

• Dull and short sound when tapped.
• Porosity and low density of the structure.
• The presence of various deformations and defects on the surface.
• A desaturated orange or ocher hue.

In addition, this material has low heat capacity, frost resistance and durability.

Third-rate

Third grade bricks are of low quality and have a burnt structure. They have the following features:

• Too high and ringing sound when tapping.
• Porous structure with low density.
• The presence of significant visual defects and flaws.
• Rich red and brown tint.

Burnt blocks are not able to withstand significant mechanical loads, and therefore are prone to cracking and deformation. In addition, they do not tolerate excessive heating and cooling.

For the construction of the chimney, first-grade building material grades M 150 and 200 are used.

Mortar for laying a brick chimney

Since a brick pipe consists of separate sections, which are characterized by different weather, mechanical and temperature operating conditions, therefore different masonry mortars are used for them.

1. If a root chimney is provided, then for the first steps from the foundation a cement-sand mixture is used - 1 part cement and 4 parts sand. To increase plasticity, ½ part of quicklime is added to the mixture.
2. The following sections are the beginning of the chimney masonry from the stove to the fluff. They must withstand extreme temperature loads of up to 400 degrees, so a binder mixture based on clay and sand is used to lay bricks. When the fluff passes from the room through the ceiling into the attic, the brick ordering is also done using a clay-sand mixture.
3. Next is a section that serves to insulate the chimney by installing a metal box. The box is fixed around the chimney pipe at the point where it exits through the ceiling. Non-combustible materials can be used as a heat insulator - asbestos, mineral wool, expanded clay and vermiculite.
4. The last section is the pipe riser, the neck of the chimney system and the otter, which are subject to excessive wind loads. Therefore, a lime-based mixture is used for laying bricks. A similar composition is suitable for arranging the head.

To prepare the masonry mortar, clay of medium fat content is used, without a strong odor and foreign impurities that can lead to cracking of the surface.

To prepare cement-sand mortar, it is better to use mountain sand or ground brick scrap from fireclay or ceramic bricks.

Step-by-step instructions on how to lay out a chimney

Construction of a brick chimney - technically difficult process, which requires high-quality masonry to obtain an airtight, safe and durable structure.

First you need to select suitable installation schemes for the chimney system. They can be ordered from design bureaus or found in finished form on specialized resources. The dimensions of the future chimney design are determined at the planning stage and performing the necessary calculations.

Laying a brick chimney is done as follows:

1. Construction of a superstructure pipe, the lower part of which is seated on a thin layer of mortar made of clay and sand. If the chimney has several channels, then a three-channel pipe can be used. But the masonry algorithm is preserved for any type of structure. The laying is carried out using the dressing method, when each subsequent row is shifted to the side by 0.5 bricks. On the 5th row, not reaching the floor beams, the installation of the pipe is completed.
2. The fluff is being laid. The external expansion around the perimeter should be 590x450 mm, the internal expansion should be 140x270 mm. The expansion is carried out by shifting the edge bricks by 5 cm. After completion of the fluffing, the expansion must be thermally insulated with 10 mm sheets of asbestos or other selected material.
3. Laying otter requires meticulousness and care as the rows are laid outward to create a special overhang. The first row is similar to the previous row of fluff expansion; then you need to lay out the second protrusion and subsequent ones.
4. Installation of the riser. The laying is carried out in the attic close to roofing system building. It must be brought out through the roof with an elevation above the ridge of the building to a height of up to 100 cm. The brickwork is completed by organizing a chimney neck, at the end of which a head is erected and a protective cap is installed.

Chimney on the roof

An important stage in the construction of a chimney is waterproofing the pipe as it passes through the roofing.

Often, for these purposes, a prefabricated metal box is used, the lower part of which is lined with fire-resistant material, and the internal space is filled with a heat- and waterproofing layer.

From the outside, the roof penetration is protected by waterproof waterproofing on an elastic basis. It is highly flexible and can take any given shape. Installation is carried out using bitumen mastic or roofing screws.

Subject to construction technology you can get a safe, reliable and durable chimney. Having the necessary knowledge and minimal experience working with bricks, you can independently organize a high-quality chimney system without the involvement of third-party specialists.

Unlike a brick stove, the design of a chimney made of this material is less complex; it does not have numerous internal channels. The pipe contains only one central passage, but its surface must be smooth and even to ensure the required traction.

Collapse

It is quite possible to lay a brick chimney on your own if you carry out the calculations correctly, purchase high-quality material and understand the basics of masonry.

Types of brick chimneys

There are several varieties:

1. Mounted. Structurally, it is located on top of the furnace and serves as its continuation. This type of chimney is installed on sauna and conventional heating units.
2. Wall-mounted. Such a pipe is mounted in the walls of a building or a capital interior space. If a wall chimney is installed near the external surfaces of the house, then it must be insulated so that condensation does not accumulate inside the duct due to strong temperature differences. This worsens draft and promotes faster collection of condensate.
3. Indigenous. A brick pipe for a stove with a side outlet, it is installed next to the heating structure. It can be used simultaneously for several ovens.

Brick chimney design

The chimney in any house consists of several parts, each of them has its own purpose.

A typical and frequently used chimney consists of the following segments:

• The neck extending from the surface of the oven to the cutting (fluff). A valve is installed on it, with the help of which the fuel burning rate and traction force are regulated.
• Fluff. It is performed before each segment of the ceiling and protects against exposure to high temperatures. Its walls are made thicker than in other parts of the chimney; they must be at least 40 cm.
• Riser. This part of the pipe connects the attic and the roof.
• Otter. Her responsibilities include protecting the chimney from water, snow and dust entering the pipe riser. The pipe sector is located on the roof and is distinguished by thick walls that protect the roof sheathing from exposure to flammable materials.
• Pipe neck. It starts above the otter and is placed similar to a riser.
• The head of the pipe is an extension above the neck. A cap or umbrella is installed above it to protect the chimney duct from precipitation.

Elements of a brick pipe (chimney)

Parameter calculations

The size of the chimney for a brick stove should remain the same along its entire length; its optimal value is selected depending on the dimensions of the heating device.

Sectional size

Suitable device parameters depend on the combustion chamber and furnace power. The inner walls need to be made smooth without sagging mortar or protrusions, then they will remain clean longer.

Most often, brick chimneys of square and rectangular cross-section are used; their masonry is made of 4, 5 or 6 bricks; when calculating the cross-section, one side of the structure is multiplied by the second. The standard dimensions are considered to be: 12.5 × 25 cm. The calculation is carried out according to the internal chimney channel. The indicated parameters refer to a masonry of 4 bricks, the cross-sectional area is 156.25 cm 2.

When calculating a cross-section of five bricks, the result is a value equal to 312.5 cm 2, and with six - 625 cm 2.

When installing a brick chimney on a metal stove, you need to connect its square section to the round outlet hole of the stove. So for a chimney cross-section with an area of ​​156.25 cm 2 it is suitable round pipe with a diameter of 130 mm, its area is 133 cm 2, the next parameter of 150 mm has a greater value than stated.

When calculating a circular cross-section, the required radius is taken into account, the area is calculated using the school formula:

S = π×R 2, where the number π=3.14

Knowing the diameter of the pipe, you can easily determine the desired parameter.

Calculation depending on power

The internal channel depends on the optimal ratio of pipe sizes and the power of the heating device. Among the guidelines for choosing a suitable section, the size of the opening provided for the blower door is highlighted. The pipe size should be smaller than the hole for the door.

If, when calculating, we take into account the productivity of the furnace, then we can select the cross-section from the tabular data, but they do not take into account the thickness of the seams; they range from 6 to 10 mm.

Chimney height

When calculating this parameter, you need to pay attention to the following features:

• if a highly flammable type is used as a roofing material, the chimney must rise above the roof by at least 1.5 meters;
• the height difference between the top point of the head and the grate should not be less than 5 meters;
• if there is a high building near the house, then the pipe should be 0.5 meters higher than its extreme point;
• on roofs with non-combustible coating, the minimum distance to the top of the pipe should be 0.5 meters.

When calculating the height of the pipe, the size of the firebox and the cross-section of the chimney are taken into account. So, if the total area of ​​the combustion window is 0.35 m2, and the cross-sectional area of ​​the channel is 0.04 m2, then a height of 7 meters is suitable for these parameters. To make calculations with other parameters, you need to establish this dependence and select the height.

The height of the chimney pipe affects the draft, so this size of a brick chimney pipe should not be less than 5 meters, otherwise turbulence may begin and all the soot will go inside the house.

How to correctly position the pipe from the roof ridge is shown in the photo below:

How to choose the “right” brick?

For laying the chimney, solid fireclay (fire-resistant) brick is used; its grade should be higher than 200. The externally selected material should have smooth edges and have a rectangular cross-section. The sizes may vary, but it is better to use the following: 25x12x6.5 cm.

Masonry mortar

It contains clay, sand, water and cement. The liquid is taken into pure form, without various inclusions, that is, it cannot be taken from bodies of water and artificial ponds. The clay used should also be as clean as possible, without foreign inclusions.

Differences in solutions depending on the masonry area

For each part of the chimney, it is advisable to use a specific cement mixture:

• the pipe under the roof is erected with cement-lime or lime mortar;
• For the part of the chimney above the roof, a cement-sand composition is used.

If you are making a brick chimney for a metal stove with your own hands, then you should know that the thickness of the mortar layer will depend on the sand fraction; the finer it is, the neater the seams will be.

Making the mixture

The mixture is prepared from sifted river sand and pure clay, mined from the depths of the earth at least 1.5 meters. It also needs to be sifted, and the sieve cells should not exceed 5 mm. Before mixing, the clay must be soaked in water and left for 48 hours.

After this preparation, the clay is mixed with sand in a ratio of 2 to 1, and then the whole thing is filled with water, maintaining a ratio of 1 to 4. In order for the batch to brew, it must be left for 12 hours, and then moved until a homogeneous mixture is obtained.

The cement-lime composition is prepared in almost the same way, only lime is also added to it, which is sifted through a sieve with 3 mm cells.

Chimney laying

Even if a person has never encountered brickwork before, if there is the right tools And step by step guide, he can build a chimney. But if the house is two-story or has a complex pitched roof, then it is better to entrust this matter to professionals.

Required Tools

To build a chimney of any complexity, you will need the following tools from the list:

• roulette;
• building level;
• pickaxe hammer and its analogue with a rubber tip;
• Bulgarian;
• buckets or containers for solution;
• trowel;
• sieve;
• drill with a nozzle for stirring the solution.

Masonry technology

The arrangement of the chimney is thought out at the design stage of the heating device, perfect option, when it is also brick, but an iron stove with a brick pipe is also often found and its pipe will be made in a similar way.

The solution should be laid no thicker than 1 cm to avoid its subsequent cracking when hot air flows pass through the chimney.

Laying a brick chimney with your own hands looks like this:

Advantages and disadvantages

Brick chimneys have the following advantages:

• relative cheapness compared to modern materials used for it (now popular “sandwich” panels);
• long service life, can reach up to 30 years;
• brick pipe as an architectural element it is ideally combined with many roofing materials.

But due to the fact that brick still belongs to the “old-timers” of construction, it has many disadvantages in comparison with its modern analogues:

• significant weight brick construction requires the creation of a reliable foundation;
• erecting a pipe takes longer than when using a “sandwich”;
• for a chimney, the ideal cross-section is round, and the brick is rectangular in shape; square structures are better made from it;
• The inside of the pipe, even after applying plaster, remains rough, which is why it quickly becomes covered with soot, which impairs traction.

Conclusion

Everyone can assess their own strengths, and if a person decides to independently build a brick chimney in a house or country house, then he must realize that not only the heating of the entire room, but also its safety will depend on this. After all, if you install the pipe incorrectly or make its internal part with protrusions, then all the fumes from the burnt fuel will remain in the house.

Making a brick chimney with your own hands is not the easiest task, but if you want, you can do it, because the prices for this work are not small, and not everyone has the opportunity to pay a decent amount.

In a private house or bathhouse, which is heated using a stove (gas or solid fuel boiler), you cannot do without a chimney.

It does not matter whether you have a ventilation pipe and additional ventilation ducts in your house or bathhouse; if you have installed a gas boiler, solid fuel boiler or stove, you need a chimney in any case.

Unfortunately, according to statistics, most fires occur due to an incorrectly installed chimney system or if the required repair of a gas boiler or furnace was not done on time.

Therefore, if the structure requires repair, it is advisable not to delay this moment.

It is necessary not only to follow all the rules for masonry, but also to use only high-quality fire-resistant materials.

The photo below shows chimney options in a private house and bathhouse.

The most common material used is brick or metal. Let us also try to build a brick chimney vent structure.

Before building a structure, it would be correct to study its structure from the inside.

In order to carry out all the work correctly and not make mistakes in your actions, there is a diagram of the structure of the chimney exhaust system.

From the outside it may seem that this is just brickwork in the form of a pipe, but this is not at all the case. In fact, such a chimney consists of many parts, and each part is extremely important.

But which brick is better to choose for the job? There is a large selection of this material on the market at different prices.

There are special requirements for bricks for the chimney system: it must be of sufficient thickness and be fire resistant.

These requirements are fully met by red stove bricks made from baked clay (the mortar for brickwork should also not contain flammable elements).

The prices for this brick are not low, but it also lasts a very long time.

Therefore, if you do not want to spend money on repairs in the future, it is better to fulfill all the necessary installation requirements and buy quality materials, including bricks, mortar and additional elements.

Now, let's look at the chimney structure diagram in more detail:

• Let's start with the top pipe located directly in the furnace. If the stove is intended for solid fuel material, it must have a small valve (metal is used as the valve material) with a hole whose size is 1.5 by 1.5 cm;
• Next comes the placement of the fluff, and the cross-sectional diameter of the channel remains unchanged, and the dimensions of the masonry itself expand by about 30 cm;
• The riser is located directly in the attic. This is a smooth and straight part of the pipe that rises all the way to the roof;
• Then the structure goes into an otter (a part of the pipe that expands in all directions), which prevents precipitation from entering the room;
• A neck is placed above the otter in a brick chimney;
• The design ends with fastening the head (the next extension of the pipe).

A cap or weather vane is installed at the very end of the structure (in this case, metal is usually used as the material, and their size is selected individually).

The metal of the weather vane protects the head from harmful weather conditions and increases the draft of smoke inside the chimney. Now that we have general idea about the structure of the chimney, let's try to assemble it.

To make it clearer, the photo below shows a detailed diagram of the structure of a brick chimney for a gas or solid fuel boiler.

It should be remembered that before laying a brick chimney, it is necessary to prepare a solution from clay with clean, dry sand added to it (the solution must have a homogeneous structure).

The assembly of the structure must take place exclusively vertically and be controlled by a plumb line on the exhaust duct.

To do this, a nail is driven into the upper and lower parts of the structure, a fishing line is pulled between them, along which they will subsequently be guided when constructing the system.

The riser pipe is placed in compliance with all the rules of brick connections, connecting to the top of the stove, gas or solid fuel boiler (when installing a gas boiler, it is advisable to install additional ventilation ducts so that there is no smell of gas in the room.)

If there are already ventilation ducts in the room, but there is still a smell of gas, it means that the draft is not working well or at the chimney small size. In this case, ventilation ducts cannot be used for chimneys.

And if the ventilation ducts are located next to the chimney pipe, they must have the same outlet height as the pipe itself.

We finish the laying by forming a fluff.

Making a fluff

To eliminate the thermal effect on flammable parts and parts of the ceiling, we expand the chimney brick channel in its ceilings. We carry out expansion using brick or concrete.

Alternatively, you can further isolate the passage area using special non-combustible materials(it is better to use basalt mineral wool).

The insulation layer must be at least 10 cm thick.

When making brick fluff, we expand the subsequent rows of masonry by 4-5 cm.

Having completed the fluffing, the remaining part of the chimney channel (up to the roof itself) must be laid out in the same way as before the expansion began, checking that the vertical is maintained with a plumb line.

After completing the expansion of the pipe channel, we lay all its parts with a layer of fire-resistant material (it is better to use sheet asbestos at least 1 cm thick).

The video below shows a detailed process of laying the fluff.

Riser device

We smoothly move to the attic and begin constructing the riser:

• In order for us to bring the riser to the outside of the roof, it is necessary to make a small hole in the roof;
• We carry out the laying of the riser without unnecessary problems, since there is no need to carry out additional work in order for the pipe layout to expand;
• We bring the riser to the roof surface and smoothly move to the roof;
• On the roof we continue laying the riser so that 1-2 rows of bricks rise above the roof.

Having finished work with the riser, we move on to the construction of the otter.

Otter clutch

The chimney must have a pipe extension on the outside of the roof, which protects the top of the chimney from the adverse effects of the external environment and weather conditions.

The otter is built from 9 rows of bricks so that each row is ¼ wider than the previous one. In this case, the installation of brick plates mounted in the smoke duct is required.

This is necessary so that the dimensions of the hole itself remain unchanged. The construction of the 4th row of otter bricks involves the arrangement of small protrusions in length.

The same protrusions are made during the laying of subsequent rows so that their size can cover all possible space between the chimney and the roof.

Then we lay the rear ledge, thereby completing the structure of the otter (a ledge with a dressing is also formed in the 8th and 9th rows of bricks).

At the same time, do not forget that in order to secure the otter well, a high-quality solution is needed.

The solution is extremely easy to prepare: dry cement is mixed with a small amount of water in a ratio of 1 to 10 and mixed thoroughly (the consistency of the solution should be homogeneous and without lumps, then the masonry will hold up well).

The solution is applied using a construction spatula, and the excess is cleaned off with a spatula.

Neck and head structure

The size of the neck directly depends on the height of the chimney. Professionals do not recommend that the pipe be very high, because this leads to a decrease in the efficiency of the structure.

And the pipe itself does not look particularly aesthetically pleasing on the roof (it doesn’t matter whether it is located on the roof of a bathhouse or on the roof of a private house).

In any case, it is necessary to follow certain rules and regulations and, according to them, choose the possible sizes and heights for the chimney pipe.

Then you need to fold the head. Afterwards we complete all the work by installing a weather vane or cap.

As you can see, it is quite possible to build a chimney out of bricks with your own hands for a gas or solid fuel boiler. The video below shows a detailed diagram of all the work performed.

Chimney for a bath

The requirements for a smoke exhaust system for a bathhouse are special. In this case, it is required not only to install it correctly, but also to additionally insulate it (it’s up to you to choose what material to use).

Fuel prices are constantly rising, and therefore additional insulation will help save money.

Scroll useful tips will help you correctly install the smoke exhaust system in the bathhouse and increase its efficiency:

If the chimney from a stove or gas boiler is planned to be installed not in a private house, but in a bathhouse or sauna, then it is necessary not only to make thermal insulation, but also to properly insulate the existing floors.

The surface of the walls should be additionally protected with fire-resistant sheets (it is better to take metal).

If it is not possible to insulate the room, then as an option you can install special meshes in the chimney (for their production they use fireproof metal) and place ordinary stones on them.

As they warm up, they will release additional heat, which is so important for the bath.

You can also install a combustion intensity regulator, which will help vary the required temperature.

The part of the chimney located on the roof of the bathhouse also needs to be insulated (roofing or facing brick masonry is suitable for this).

It is extremely important to insulate the chimney for a bathhouse, because this will help maintain the warmth in the room, which is so necessary for the steam room.

Chimney repair

Timely chimney repair is very important. It helps to correct problems and shortcomings in the operation of the chimney system.

Basically, repairs are required when the chimney was initially installed incorrectly, or the bricks began to deteriorate due to time or external influences.

If a brick pipe begins to collapse under the influence of condensation or waste combustion materials rising from the furnace, then there is no need to immediately replace the pipe or carry out complex repairs.

You can just sleeve brickwork using metal.

In this case, inside the chimney, metal sheets (usually stainless steel) are attached to its walls.

The space between steel and brick is filled with insulating non-combustible materials.

Metal allows you to insulate the masonry and avoid spending your budget on expensive repairs (professional prices for repairing chimneys are simply off the charts).