Class: 5

• to bring students to an understanding of the reasons for the emergence of inequality between people, to ensure the assimilation of the concepts of “neighborhood community”, “inequality”, “know”;
• continue to develop speaking skills short messages, compare (tools, tribal and neighboring communities), establish cause-and-effect relationships, solve historical problems.

Lesson type: combined.

Basic concepts: craft, plow, neighboring community, inequality, nobility, leader, slave.

Equipment: computer presentation ( Annex 1), cards with lesson concepts, textbook (A.A. Vigasin, G.I. Goder, I.S. Sventsitskaya “History Ancient world 5th grade,” M., Prosveshchenie, 2011), memo “How to solve a historical problem.”

During the classes

I. Organizational moment

II. Teacher's opening speech, posing a problematic question

In the last lesson, we were mentally transported in an imaginary time machine ten thousand years ago and found ourselves in a village of primitive farmers and cattle breeders. ( Slide 1). What was the name of the group of people living in this village? (Clan community). What is a clan community called?

About 3 thousand years have passed. We found ourselves in this village again. ( Slide 1). What changed? (Several houses appeared instead of one, the arable land was divided into plots.)

Who do you think lives in the houses? (Individual families). The community now consists of individual families and is called a neighborhood community.

Why is the arable land divided into areas of unequal size? (There is inequality in the community.)

Let's solve a historical problem.

“During archaeological excavations, archaeologists found two burials. In one of them, beads from precious stones, on his forehead are the remains of a golden crown. Copper axes and a dagger lay next to the body. Along the wall of the grave stood gold and silver vessels with images of a leopard, a lion, a horse, and an antelope. In another burial there was only a copper ax.

What conclusions can be drawn about people’s lives based on these data?”

(Conclusion: nobility emerged in the neighboring community).

Topic of today's lesson: The emergence of inequality and nobility.(Slide 2).

Why did people’s lives change, why did the clan community come to be replaced by the neighbor’s community, inequality appeared and the nobility emerged? ( Slide 3).

We must find the answer to this question in today's lesson.

III. Repetition

Let's remember what people who lived in a tribal community did about 10 thousand years ago. (Agriculture, cattle breeding, hunting, fishing, making pottery, fabric clothing). ( Slide 4).

1. From what occupation did agriculture originate?
2. From what occupation did cattle breeding originate?
3. Name the three main tools of labor of the ancient farmers.
4. How did the advent of agriculture and animal husbandry change people's lives?

Show silently, with gestures:

How did primitive farmers dig up the soil?
How was the harvest done?
How were the trees cut down?

We answer silently, with a nod of the head, to the following questions:

1. The first animal domesticated by man was the horse.
2. The first animal domesticated by man was the dog.
3. Flour was obtained by grinding grains on flat stones (grain grinders).
4. Weaving was invented by men.

Tell us how the ancient farmers cultivated the land?

(They cut down trees with a stone ax, burned out bushes, uprooted stumps, loosened the ground with wooden hoes. Then they threw seeds into the ground. When the harvest was ripe, the ears were cut off with a sickle.)

Conclusion: cultivating the land was not an easy task and required the efforts of the entire family.

IV. Learning new material

Study questions:

1. Development of crafts.
2. Invention of the plow.
3. The emergence of a neighborhood community.
4. Selection of the nobility.

Centuries passed, crafts developed.

What is craft? (Craft is the making of vessels, tools, fabrics or other products.) ( Slide 5).

A student's story about the development of crafts and the emergence of metal processing. ( Slides 6, 7).

Compare two axes. ( Slide 8).

What is the advantage of metal tools over stone ones? (The blade of a copper ax is sharper than a stone one; they cut down a tree three times faster with it. In addition, a copper ax is heavier than a stone one, so it penetrates deeper into the wood. A copper blade, if it has become dull or deteriorated, can be melted down; a stone ax tip, if it was damaged, thrown away. However, copper has not completely replaced stone tools, since copper is a soft metal and is rarely found in nature).

Task: compare a hoe and a plow. Which tool was easier to cultivate the land? Scientists conducted an experiment and found that with the help of a plow and a horse it was possible to loosen a piece of land 50 times faster.

Draw a conclusion: what did the invention of the plow and the appearance of copper tools give to man?

Students express their opinions, then the conclusion is read out from the textbook. (Thanks to the invention of the plow, the use of animals to loosen the earth, and the advent of copper tools, there was no longer a need for the entire community to work together in the fields).

Working with the textbook. Read paragraph 3 of paragraph 5.

Assignment: compare the tribal and neighboring communities.

What does compare mean? This means finding commonalities and differences. Let's find the differences first. ( Slide 10).

Why did the neighbors continue to live in communities? What was common?

Joint work (for example, digging a pond), protection from enemies, common ownership of a forest, pasture, river. ( Slide 11).

We have already found out that inequality has appeared in the neighboring community. What is inequality? Inequality is the emergence of rich and poor people.

Could inequality arise in the tribal community?

The teacher's story about the emergence of inequality and nobility. ( Slides 12, 13, 14).

V. Consolidation

Now let's answer the question posed at the beginning of the lesson: Why did people's lives change, why did the neighborhood community replace the tribal community, inequality appeared and the nobility emerged?

Logical chain:

tools improved > it became easier to cultivate the land > harvests became more abundant > surpluses appeared > to replace generic came to the community neighbor's , appeared inequality , stood out know . (Slide 15).

Let's summarize. What did we learn in class today? What have you learned?

Today in class we learned that a man learned to process metal and came up with a plow. The emergence of new tools led to the fact that each family could independently cultivate the land. The clan community is being replaced by the neighbor community. Inequality appears in the neighboring community and nobility (chiefs and elders) stand out.

We learned to compare the tribal and neighboring communities and establish the causes of historical events.

VI. Homework

Paragraph 5, retell, answer questions, repeat the section “Life primitive people» for questions on page 27. ( Slide 16).

VII. Lesson summary

Summing up the lesson, assessing the work of individual students and the class as a whole, giving grades.

The emergence of inequality and nobility

Rassadina Irina Aleksandrovna ,

history and social studies teacher,

MBOU Odintsovo secondary school No. 1

[email protected]

1. Development of human activities

2. Metal processing

3. Definition of the concepts “artisan” and “craft”

4. Definition of the concepts of “inequality” and “know”

5. Selection of nobility

7. Literature

The goal is to lead students to understand the causes of inequality between people.

• ensure the assimilation of the concepts of “inequality”, “neighborhood community”, “know”;
• continue to develop the skills to retell the content of the textbook text;
• compare and describe tools;
• identify at the elementary level the causes of historical events.

Development of human occupations

obtaining food depended on the person himself

Agriculture and cattle breeding

a person improves his skills in these activities

masters appear

artisans - craft

A craftsman is a person who makes vessels, tools, fabrics or other products.

Craft - making vessels, tools, fabrics or other products.

Metal processing

Copper axes

Copper tools

appearance of the plow

development of crafts

neighborhood community

appearance

inequalities

emergence of the state

allocation of nobility

Selection of the nobility

Conclusion: Man has learned to process metal. Thanks to this, he mastered a new occupation - craft. There has been an improvement new tools. Some people have excess. There arises in society inequality. This process indicates the emergence states .

The first craft workshops appeared

about 150,000 years ago

They were located in settlements or in areas where there was a lot of stone suitable for processing.

But complete separating a craft into an independent activity obviously happened when they were invented

Loom

Potter's wheel

Mesopotamia

The potter's wheel and loom appeared in the 3rd millennium BC. e.

Egypt

Craft

Advantages of potter's wheel and loom

Shorter production time

Release more products

Improving product quality

In the V-IV millennia BC. e.

people learned to smelt metal.

It began to be used in the manufacture of tools.

This discovery apparently happened by accident. Copper nuggets fell into a pottery kiln. Under the influence of high temperature, the metal softened and easily changed shape upon impact.

Kiln

Copper nugget

Copper products

Copper was made by forging

Axes

Tesla

Daggers

Spearheads

Dishes

Arrowheads

Copper is a fairly soft metal.

It could not find wide application.

The second metal that man learned to smelt was bronze.

Copper

Bronze

Tin

an alloy of copper and tin.

Metals development

Advantages of bronze over copper

Great hardness

Fusibility

Strength

Mesopotamia

The discovery of bronze occurred in

III millennium BC e.

Persian

Bronze metallurgy flourished

to the 2nd millennium BC. e.

Bronze was obtained in large fires.

During its production, a layer of ore alternated with a layer of firewood.

Bronze products

A wide variety of products were made from bronze:

Sickles

Tips

Axes

Swords

Openers

Decorations

Buckles

Dishes

Bronze's hardness could not compare with flint.

During the Bronze Age, stone tools retained their importance.

The Hittites were the first to learn how to smelt iron around 1800 BC. e.

Hittite kingdom

For a long time, iron was not widely used.

Its melting point is extremely high: 1530℃.

It was impossible to obtain such a temperature in ancient fires.

Iron products

They learned to forge weapons from iron

Swords

Shareshare

Axes

Arrowheads

Spearheads

Scissors

Openers

Files

Skobeli

Sickles

Iron Mastery

With an iron ax it was possible to free large areas from the forest

Plows and plows made of iron made it possible to cultivate the land better

Displacing stone with iron

Exchange

Cattle breeding development

Development of the craft

Development of agriculture

The need for exchange of manufactured products

there is a need to exchange among themselves the products they produce: animal skins, wool, meat, grain, dishes, fabric, tools, and so on.

How many axes must you give to get a bag of grain in return?

First money

Livestock

Rare shells

Metal ingots

The exchange was the first step

to the emergence of trade

Partiarchy

The production of metal tools and weapons, the development of cattle breeding and agriculture were associated with the activities of men.

The gradual loss of women's special position in the family and in society.

Exclusion of women from participation in community meetings.

Transformation of maternal clan communities into patriarchal ones.

Emergence of inequality

Improving tools

Changing the position of an individual in society

Those who were more dexterous and stronger worked better and faster

The work of the best workers

began to be encouraged in the distribution of products

I am the best hunter!

So you are entitled to more!

The need for the entire community to work together disappeared.

A new order is emerging among farmers.

The community now consists of large families.

The land, as before, belonged to the entire community. There was a common pasture for grazing livestock, and the forest was also common. Community members jointly cleared the field for sowing, dug ditches for its irrigation, and protected the seedlings.

Pasture

Field

Individual families provided themselves with everything they needed.

In addition, they could accumulate surplus products for exchange.

Emergence of inequality

Creation of exchange products by an individual family

Receiving products of labor in excess of what is necessary for an individual family

Accumulation of wealth

Property stratification

Difficult situation

Loss of a breadwinner

Wellbeing

Availability of land

and prosperity

and workers

The emergence of poor and rich families

The tribal community is being replaced by the neighboring community.

Now people are united only by economic interests in a certain territory.

Captured people were no longer killed, but turned into slaves.

The use of slave labor became profitable.

One person could produce more food than he needed.

The emergence of slavery

Use of slave labor

Land cultivation

Cattle breeding (work as shepherds)

Craft (spinning, weaving)

Slaves could have some things, could have a family.

Behind Good work they could get freedom.

Now the leaders began to stand out for their wealth.

They were gaining fame.

In connection with the wars, the importance of the military leader increased.

The emergence of the nobility

Tribe management.

Activities of a military leader

Managing food supplies.

Trial of fellow tribesmen.

The leaders and elders made up the clan nobility.

They began to pass on their property and positions by inheritance.

Slide 2

Main questions of the lesson:

• What is inequality?
• How and why did it appear?
• What happened in society as a result of inequality?