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I wanted to write a lot about how a person can make himself happy and be wise in this life. N.M. Karamzin

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N.M. Karamzin was born on December 12 (December 1 - according to the old style) 1766 in the village of Mikhailovka, Simbirsk province, into a noble family. Received a good home education; knew German, French, English, Italian languages. Childhood

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In 1778, at the age of 14, Karamzin was sent to Moscow and sent to the boarding school of Moscow University professor I.M. Schaden, where he studied from 1775 to 1781. At the same time, he attended lectures at the university. Boyhood

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In 1783, at the insistence of his father, Karamzin was assigned to the Preobrazhensky Life Guards Regiment in St. Petersburg, but at the beginning of 1784 he retired and went first to Simbirsk and then to Moscow. In Moscow, Karamzin met writers and writers: N.I. Novikov, A.M. Kutuzov, A.A. Petrov. Youth

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In 1801, Karamzin married Elizaveta Ivanovna Protasova. She died in 1802. In 1804, Karamzin married a second time - to the illegitimate daughter of Prince A.I. Vyazemsky Ekaterina Andreevna Kolyvanova. They had five children, and the family also raised Karamzin’s daughter from her first marriage, Sophia. Family

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Emperor Alexander I, by personal decree of October 31, 1803, granted Karamzin the title of historiographer; At the same time, an annual salary of 2 thousand rubles was added to the title for writing a complete history of Russia. In 1804, Karamzin began work on the “History of the Russian State,” the compilation of which became his main occupation for the rest of his life. In February 1818, Karamzin released the first eight volumes of the History of the Russian State. In 1821, volume 9 was published, in 1824 - 10 and 11. Volume 12 was never completed (after Karamzin’s death it was published by D.N. Bludov). Already during the writer’s lifetime, critical works appeared on his “History...”. At a later time, “History...” was assessed positively by A.S. Pushkin, N.V. Gogol, Slavophiles; negative – Decembrists, V.G. Belinsky, N.G. Chernyshevsky. "History of Russian Goverment"

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Karamzin's prose and poetry had a significant influence on the development of the Russian literary language. Karamzin introduced many new words into the Russian language - both neologisms (charity, love, freethinking, landmark, industry, touching, humane) and borrowings (sidewalk, coachman). Karamzin was one of the first to use the letter E. Language reform

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Before the publication of the first eight volumes, Karamzin lived in Moscow. As a result of the Moscow fire, Karamzin’s personal library, which he had been collecting for a quarter of a century, was destroyed. In 1816, Karamzin moved to St. Petersburg, where he spent the last 10 years of his life and became close to the royal family. He spent the summer in Tsarskoe Selo. In 1818, Karamzin was elected an honorary member of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences. In 1824 he became a full state councilor. Karamzin was the initiator of organizing memorials and erecting monuments to outstanding figures national history, one of which was the monument to K.M. Minin and D.M. Pozharsky on Red Square in Moscow (sculptor I.P. Martos, 1818). Maturity

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Karamzin's death was the result of a cold contracted on December 14, 1825, and on June 3 (May 22 - old) 1826, he died in St. Petersburg. He was buried at the Tikhvin Cemetery of the Alexander Nevsky Lavra. Death

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Nikolai Mikhailovich Karamzin (1766-1826) Completed by history teacher Chernusskaya I.A., Kemerovo

Nikolai Mikhailovich Karamzin Russian historian, writer, poet, journalist, honorary member of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences (1818).

flag coat of arms

Born on December 1 near Simbirsk. He grew up on the estate of his father - retired captain Mikhail Egorovich Karamzin, a middle-class Simbirsk nobleman, a descendant of the Crimean Tatar murza Kara-Murza. Father is a retired captain. He spent his childhood on his father's estate, was brought up in a private boarding school in Simbirsk, then in the Moscow boarding school of Professor Schaden (1775 -1781), and attended lectures at the university. From 1782 he served in the Preobrazhensky Guards Regiment.

Knew Church Slavonic, French, German languages. At the age of 17, he became a lieutenant in the Preobrazhensky Regiment; at 19, he became a writer, translating Shakespeare, French authors, and he himself began to write poetry.

In 1783, at the insistence of his father, he entered service in the St. Petersburg Guards Regiment, but soon retired. At the time military service These are the first literary experiments. During his stay in Simbirsk he joined the Masonic lodge “Golden Crown”, and upon arrival in Moscow for four years (1785-1789) he was a member of the Masonic lodge “Friendly Scientific Society”.

In 1783, Karamzin’s first printed work, “The Wooden Leg,” appeared. In 1784 Karamzin retired and lived in Simbirsk until July 1785. In 1785-89 - in Moscow, where he became close to the Moscow Freemasons, with whom he soon broke up, realizing their criminal nature. Studied literature French Enlightenment, German writers and romantic poets, was engaged in translations. Simbirsk

In Moscow, Karamzin met writers and writers: N.I. Novikov, A.M. Kutuzov, A.A. Petrov, and participated in the publication of the first Russian magazine for children - “Children's Reading”.

In May 1790, Karamzin went on a trip abroad, where he stayed until mid-July 1790, visited Austria, Switzerland, France, England, met with I. Kant, I. Goethe, and in Paris witnessed the events of the French Revolution.

Karamzin outlined his impressions from a trip to Western European countries in “Letters of a Russian Traveler,” the publication of which immediately made Karamzin a famous writer.

The Moscow Journal published the stories that brought fame to Karamzin, “ Poor Lisa", "Letters of a Russian Traveler" (1791-1792), which placed Karamzin among the first Russian writers, "Frol Silin", "The Benevolent Man", "Liodor". All of them are written in the spirit of sentimentalism.

SENTIMENTALISM (French Sentiment) is a movement in European literature and art of the second half of the 18th century, formed within the framework of the late Enlightenment and reflecting the growth of democratic sentiments in society. Originated in lyric poetry and novel; later, penetrating into theatrical art, it gave impetus to the emergence of the genres of “tearful comedy” and bourgeois drama.

“Karamzin transformed the Russian language, removing it from the stilts of Latin construction and heavy Slavism and bringing it closer to living, natural, colloquial speech” V.G. Belinsky

Our tongue was a heavy caftan and smelled too much of antiquity. Karamzin gave him a different cut - Let the schisms grumble to themselves, Everyone accepted his cut. Peter Vyazemsky.

Literary youth of that time: Zhukovsky V.A. Vyazemsky P.A. Pushkin Vasily Lvovich (Pushkin’s uncle)

“Children’s reading for the heart and mind” (1787-1789), “Moscow Magazine” (1802-1830) “Bulletin of Europe” (1802-1803) Magazines created by N.M. Karamzin

In the 1790s. Karamzin paid a lot of attention to journalism. In 1795, he led the “Mixture” section in the Moscow Gazette. His bold articles on Russian literature and history were published abroad during this period in the journal Spectateur du Nord.

Even more significant was the publication of the journal "Bulletin of Europe", which created a type of Russian "thick magazine".

In the 1890s, his interest in Russian history increased; he meets historical works, the main published sources: chronicles, notes of foreigners, etc.

In October 1803, Karamzin obtained from Alexander I an appointment as a historiographer with a pension of 2,000 rubles. for essay Russian history. Libraries and archives were opened for him.

The literary activity of N.M. was crowned. Karamzin with the creation and publication in 1803-1826 of eight volumes of the fundamental “History of the Russian State”. Until the last day of his life, Karamzin was busy writing “History”. In this work, the writer created a gallery of characters of Russian people: princes, peasants, generals, heroes of numerous battles “for the Russian land.”

Nikolai Mikhailovich Karamzin died in 1826 without finishing work on the 12th volume, in which he described and analyzed the events of the Time of Troubles. Pushkin dedicated the wonderful tragedy “Boris Godunov” to his memory. In 1845, a monument to Nikolai Mikhailovich was erected in Simbirsk. On the monument, along with the image of Karamzin, we see a statue of the muse of history Clio. “We love one thing, we desire one thing: we love the Fatherland, we wish it prosperity even more than glory.” N.M. Karamzin (1815)

Whatever you turn to in our literature, everything began with Karamzin: journalism, criticism, the story-novel, the historical story, journalism, the study of history. V.G. Belinsky

“Karamzin Natalya, boyar’s daughter” - V.G. Belinsky. "Life of the Heart". Project result: Fundamental question. Ability to perform linguistic and stylistic analysis of text. Skill building independent work with different sources. Questions educational topic: “A new light shone in her soul...” “Fate, fate! Does the environment of “ordinary life” influence the formation of character?

“Karamzin Nikolai Mikhailovich” - Father is a retired captain. In 1783, Karamzin’s first printed work, “The Wooden Leg,” appeared. Born on December 1 near Simbirsk. Simbirsk. Until the last day of his life, Karamzin was busy writing “The History of the Russian State.” Our tongue was a heavy caftan and smelled too much of antiquity. N.M. Karamzin.

“The Creativity of Karamzin” - N.M. Karamzin. Nikolai Mikhailovich Karamzin (1766 – 1826). Secular education Knowledge foreign languages. Karamzin paid a lot of attention to journalism. Sentimentalism. Death of father Resignation Simbirsk. Having begun his literary activity in 1783 with translations from German, in 1787-1789. Nikolai Mikhailovich Karamzin is a famous Russian writer, poet, journalist, and historian.

“Nikolai Karamzin” - In 1784 Karamzin retired and lived in Simbirsk until July 1785. Father is a retired captain. In 1783, Karamzin’s first printed work, “The Wooden Leg,” appeared. Born on December 1 near Simbirsk. Alexander Semenovich Shishkov Society "Conversation of lovers of the Russian word." Nikolai Mikhailovich Karamzin.

"Boris Godunov Karamzin" - School encyclopedia"Russika". What a treasure for language, for poetry!” V.A. Zhukovsky. “The reign of Boris Godunov was marked by the beginning of a rapprochement between Russia and the West. That is why N.M. Karamzin treats Boris Godunov as an impostor and murderer. Negative characteristics. Positive characteristics.

“Sentimentalism Karamzin” - Contents. Who could love so strangely, How I loved you? Sentimentalism as a literary movement. Here, according to Dmitriev, “Karamzin’s education began, not only as an author, but also as a moral one.” And not to a noble nobleman, not statesman or military leadership, and the writer - N.M. Karamzin.

Writer and historian

1. He was the first in Rus' to write stories that interested the entire educated society of the country.

2. He entered literature early and quickly won the fame of the country's first pen.

3. He successfully traveled and communicated with the outstanding minds and talents of Western Europe.

4. His almanacs, books and magazines were extremely popular among his contemporaries

5. He discovered Shakespeare in Russia by translating “Julius Caesar”,

6. He freed the literary language from Slavicisms, created and introduced a large number of new words, such as “future” and “public”

7. Alexander the First offered him his friendship. And he wrote in response: “I hate lackeys, and lowly ambitious people, and lowly self-interested people. The court will not elevate me.”

Great scientist and citizen

8. He dramatically changed the scope of his interests already at the age at which Pushkin died.

9. It was he who found the Ipatiev Chronicle (it’s scary to think that if he had started his history ten years later, he might not have found it - fires Patriotic War 1812 were merciless to the chronicles).

10. Thanks to his efforts, the Russians became aware of: the Ostromir Gospel (this is still the oldest dated Russian book), the Ipatiev and Trinity Chronicles, the Code of Law of Ivan the Terrible, the work of ancient Russian literature “The Prayer of Daniil the Prisoner” and much more.

11. His Prince Peter Vyazemsky compared him with Kutuzov of the twelfth year because: he saved Russia from oblivion!

"The first Russian historian" To the 250th anniversary Nikolai Mikhailovich Karamzin (1766 – 1826)

“Karamzin is our first historian and last chronicler”

A.S. Pushkin

Biography

• N.M. Karamzin was born on December 12 (December 1 - according to the old style) 1766 in the village of Mikhailovka, Simbirsk province ( Orenburg region) in a noble family.
• Received a good home education; knew German, French, English, Italian.

• In 1783, at the insistence of his father, Karamzin was assigned to the Preobrazhensky Life Guards Regiment in St. Petersburg, but at the beginning of 1784 he retired and went first to Simbirsk and then to Moscow.
• In Moscow, Karamzin met writers and writers: N.I. Novikov, A.M. Kutuzov, A.A. Petrov.

"History of Russian Goverment"

• Back in the late 90s. XVIII century Karamzin's interest in Russian history became apparent. He creates several small historical works. On September 28, 1803, the writer turned to the Ministry of Public Education to the trustee of the Moscow educational district M. N. Muravyov with a request for his official appointment as a historiographer, which was soon granted by a special decree of October 31.
• From 1803 to 1811, Karamzin created five volumes of “History of the Russian State,” simultaneously discovering and using for the first time the most valuable historical sources.
• In February 1818, the first eight volumes of “History of the Russian State” went on sale. In 1821, volume 9 was published, in 1824 - 10 and 11. Volume 12 was never completed (after Karamzin’s death it was published by D.N. Bludov).
• Already during the writer’s lifetime, critical works appeared on his “History...”. At a later time, “History...” was assessed positively by A.S. Pushkin, N.V. Gogol, Slavophiles; negative – Decembrists, V.G. Belinsky, N.G. Chernyshevsky.

N.M. Karamzin introduced many new words – both neologisms and borrowings.

Which of these words and letters were added to the Russian literary language by Karamzin?:

• Borrowings from other languages: telegraph, sidewalk, cruiser, coachman.
• Neologisms (words “invented” by Karamzin himself: charity, love, freethinking, industry, touching, humane, attraction.
• Letters: Y, E, ZH, Ъ

Compare:

• N.M. Karamzin:“The dandy is walking along the boulevard from the theater.”
• A.S. Shishkov:“The good house goes through the walk from the lists.”

Citizen and Patriot

Think about the words of the greatest historian?

• “In our so-called good society, without the French language you will be deaf and dumb. Isn't it a shame? How can you not have people's pride? Why be parrots and monkeys together?

• “Who among us does not love those times when Russians were Russians, when they dressed up in their own clothes, walked with their own gait, lived according to their own customs, spoke in their own language and according to their own hearts?”
• “For us, Russians with a soul, one Russia is original, one Russia truly exists; everything else is only an attitude towards it, a thought, Providence. We can think and dream in Germany, France, Italy, but we can only do business in Russia.”
• “Patriotism should not blind us; love for the Fatherland is the action of a clear mind, and not blind passion.”

Last days great citizen

• Karamzin's death was the result of a cold contracted on December 14, 1825, and on June 3 (May 22, O.S.), 1826, he died in St. Petersburg.
• He was buried at the Tikhvin Cemetery of the Alexander Nevsky Lavra.

• “No matter what you turn to in our literature, everything began with Karamzin: journalism, criticism, the novel story, the historical story, journalism, the study of history...”

V.G. Belinsky

The meaning of N.M. Karamzin for Russia

• “The role of Karamzin as a cultural figure and Russian historiography as a whole is recognized in Russian thought. However, the significance of Karamzin as a conservative thinker who had a decisive influence on Russian conservative-patriotic thought has yet to be revealed by historians and philosophers.”

Memory

• A monument to N.M. was erected in Ulyanovsk. Karamzin.
• In September 1862, the monument “1000th anniversary of Russia” was inaugurated in the Novgorod Kremlin. The monument, created according to the project of M.O. Mikeshin, became a kind of “history of Russia” cast in bronze. On the monument there are 129 figures of the most outstanding personalities of Russian history, one of them is N.M. Karamzin.
• In the park of the estate of P.A. Vyazemsky Ostafyevo, turned into a museum, a monument to N.M. Karamzin.
• The Karamzin passage in Moscow is named after the writer.
• Karamzin Public Library in Simbirsk, created in honor famous fellow countryman, opened to readers on April 18, 1848.

Monument "1000th anniversary of Russia" in Veliky Novgorod

Monument in Ostafyevo

Monument to N.M. Karamzin in the form of seven volumes of his famous work “History of the Russian State,” on which he worked in Ostafyevo for 12 years.

“To live is not to write history,

do not write tragedies or comedies,

and think, feel and act as best as possible,

to love goodness, to raise your soul to its source...

all the more explained to us

the purpose of life and its perfection.

Passions should not make you happy, but develop your soul...

Do what you can, just love what is good,

and what is good, ask your conscience..."