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The school for a musher (driver of a team of sled dogs) is held in two versions:

In the form of a winter ski trip with a dog sled

In the form of a training course with accommodation in the village and radial outings

Ski trip accompanied by a dog sled with training in driving sled dogs.

Number of people in the group 1-2

The cost for winter 2012 - 2013 is 25,300 rubles* (the cost of vyat is based on the average and is calculated individually for each group)

Autotransport to the village. Kaga (Beloretsky district, Bashkiria)

Collecting equipment

Meeting dogs

Trekking 10 km along the valleys of the Agidel (Belaya) and Irlya rivers to level. Imposter

Inspection of the Irish stone rock.

Dinner, overnight in a hunting hut

Trek 8 km ridge Black Mountain 718, 8m – Zolotarsky key (where gold is still mined to this day) – ur Abashkin Islands Landscape photography. Photo hunt.

Radial exit (without things), depending on the weather and snow conditions

Or trek 15 km to the small Shatak ridge 950, 8 m, visit the Shchepkno tract, where 800-year-old larches grow - Nekrutskoe ur

Or 22 km ascent to the peak of Shatak 1271, 7 m with a visit to Nekrutskoe, Kamenny Klyuch, Kuzhak - stalls.

Dinner, optional sauna, billiards

Trek 25 km Abashkin Islands – Valley of the Belaya River (Agidel) – Black River – tour shelter at the hut. Birch.

Crossing 25 km hut. Berezovy – village. Kaga along the valley of the Belaya River (Agidel) on the way, visiting the natural monument of Sk. Blast-furnace gate, ur Klyanchino, sk. Wolf

Festive dinner, bathhouse, departure.

Musher school with accommodation in a village house

Seasonality – December 15 – March 15
Number of people in the group 1-2 (possibly with children)
3 meals a day: hot breakfast and dinner – lunch and snack on the road
The cost for winter 2012 - 2013 is 12,600 rubles* (the cost of vyat is based on the average and is calculated individually for each group)

1 day
Meeting at the station or at the airport of Ufa, Beloretsk or Magnitogorsk.
Automobile transfer to Kaga (Beloretsky district, Bashkiria)
Familiarization with equipment
Getting to know sled dogs
Test radial drive 3-5 km

2 -4 day
Radial trips on a dog sled (return to the village in the evening)
Visit to the holy spring “Sazhelka”
Excursions around the ancient village, a story about the development of mining in the Urals
Visit to the ancient St. Nicholas Church
Inspection of the Irish stone rock,
hr Black Mountain 718, 8m,
Zolotarsky key (where gold is still mined to this day)
ur Abashkin Islands
Visit to the apiary
Mount Grace
Rock "Lonely Pine"
Valley of the Belaya River (Agidel)
Black River
inspection of the natural monument of Sk. domain gate,
ur Klyanchino,
sk. Wolf
Landscape photography
Photo hunt

5 day
Radial dog sled ride
Bath
Festive dinner
Departure to the station or airport of Ufa, Beloretsk or Magnitogorsk.

PohodUral

A tourist club that organizes sports trips and routes for active rest: river rafting on boats, catamarans, rafts, kayaks; horse riding tours with horse riding lessons; mountain bike tours with and without auto support; hiking and skiing trips; survival courses in the mountain taiga for experienced autonomous drivers and beginners and much more. Aggregator of routes in the Urals and other regions of Russia. To order a tour or cooperation, please contact us.

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Light bedlam reigns in a clearing covered with snow. Two dozen dogs, mostly huskies, howl, bark and scamper through the snow while their owners set up the sleds and put harnesses on the dogs. But then the musher gets up on the sled and shouts to the six dogs harnessed: “Hop, hop, forward!” — and the team, accompanied by the creaking of snow, taxis onto the well-worn track. Behind her is the second team, then the third. Silence falls over the forest - when the dogs are busy doing business, they have no time to bark. It’s as if we were transported to Alaska, during the time of gold miners from Jack London’s novels. In fact, I didn’t have to travel far - “PM” attended a regular Sunday training session for northern sled dog enthusiasts in Korolev, near Moscow. Enthusiasts of this sport Maxim Lyubavin and Alexander Bondarev shared with us the secrets of riding northern sled dogs.

Northern and not only

Exploration and development of the northern regions would have been impossible without dogs; it was with their help that people were able to reach the most inaccessible places, including the Earth's poles. There are still places on our planet where dogs serve as the main means of transportation. A hundred years ago there were much more such places, but even now sled dogs are not so exotic, especially in the Arctic. True, in our time, dog sledding has turned into a beautiful sport, recreation and way of life - now dogs are ridden not so much for purely practical purposes, but simply for pleasure.

“The northern dog is the main support of polar expeditions. Yes, the dog was the first to touch the point where the North Pole is located on April 6, 1909; the dog was the first to set foot on the South Pole on December 14, 1911.” Paul-Emile Victor

Sled dog racing is divided into two classes. The Nordic Sled Dog (NES) class features traditional sled dog breeds such as Siberian Huskies, Alaskan Malamutes, Greenland Dogs and Samoyeds. They also have a specialization: Alaskan Malamutes are heavyweights, large and slow, but powerful, and small Siberian Huskies are hardy and fast runners. IN open class Dogs of any breed can compete without restrictions, and they often cover short distances on prepared tracks faster than sled dogs.

But there is also back side- as a rule, such dogs (for example, Dobermans) do not tolerate the cold very well, so their element is mainly sprint competitions in not too harsh conditions. Northern sled dogs, on the contrary, feel great in conditions of cold, snow and wind, and although they are not so fast, they can maintain a given pace for tens and even hundreds of kilometers (normal daily mileage is 40-60 km). When resting, they are unpretentious: they get by on frozen fish for food, and a warm “fur coat” allows them to rest right in the snow even in the most severe frosts. But in the spring and summer, when the temperature exceeds 13-14 degrees, northern dogs have a vacation: running at such temperatures is fraught with heatstroke for them.

Musher Alexander Bondarev and his team of six huskies. When dogs are pulling sleds, they run silently, without being distracted by barking, and during a long run they still have time to eat snow, replacing the loss of fluid.

Growling engine

To fully transmit engine torque to the wheels, a car needs a transmission. In the case of dogs, its role is played by a harness - a special harness is put on each dog, which allows you to more evenly distribute the forces on the shoulders, chest and back of the animal. The harness should not be too loose so as not to chafe, and not too tight so as not to restrict movement.

Maxim Lyubavin tries on Samoyed fleece “slippers” that protect his paws from sharp crust or ice frozen on the fur between his toes. Slippers wear out - according to Maxim, during the expedition to the New Siberian Islands more than five hundred pairs of such “shoes” were used.

The two main harness configurations are fan and train. In the fan dog, as the name suggests, each dog pulls the sled with the help of its own line (pull), and the leaders are harnessed to the sides, they help the team turn. The musher can control the dogs directly by pulling the lines, but the fan configuration has many disadvantages. It is impossible to harness many dogs in a fan - they will interfere with each other. A fairly wide fan harness can only be used on hard snow and in an open field - where the open spaces are not limited by anything. In deep snow, among hummocks or in the forest, the fan harness is inconvenient and therefore is now almost never used.

The most common way to harness dogs is a train harness, when the dogs are fastened with lines to the center line one at a time or (more often) two at a time - in a herringbone pattern. To prevent the train harness from “spreading” in width, each dog is also fastened to the center line by a collar, and the first two - the “advanced” (leaders) - are fastened by their collars to each other. The leaders are usually not the leaders or the strongest, but the smartest dogs who “know the way” - they are the ones who guide the entire team.

Alexander Bondarev, owner of eight sled huskies, demonstrates how to properly put on harnesses and fasten dogs to the center line. The line is equipped with a special shock absorber to reduce the load on dogs during sudden jerks.

The “wheels” are harnessed behind them, and the “indigenous” dogs - the strongest dogs that carry the greatest load - stand closest to the sledges. The center line is equipped with a shock absorber that smoothes out sudden jerks so that the dogs do not strain themselves. The train harness, elongated and quite maneuverable, easily passes through bottlenecks. It is controlled exclusively by voice - well-trained sled dogs must recognize the musher’s four basic commands: “forward”, “stop”, “right” and “left”. Any use of force (pole, whip) is considered a serious violation in competitions, and the mushers themselves treat the dogs more like family members than as draft force.

Snow transport

Traditional northern sleds are long, narrow sleds made of wooden parts secured with reindeer leather straps. Thanks to this design, the sleds “walk”, precisely following the details of the relief when moving. According to the ancient northern tradition, a man had to make a sledge for himself with my own hands, but now, of course, you can do it easier and buy ready-made ones. “Modern sleds are a combination of traditions with the use of the highest sports technologies,” explains Maxim Lyubavin, Russian representative of Danler, an Austrian sled manufacturer.

In the footsteps of Kolchak

In 1903, 28-year-old Lieutenant Alexander Kolchak led a rescue expedition equipped by the Imperial Academy of Sciences to determine the fate of Eduard Toll’s group, who were searching for the legendary Sannikov Land. 110 years later, in April-May 2013, a group of enthusiasts repeated Kolchak’s path as part of the expedition “The Paths of the Pioneers. New Siberian Islands" under the leadership of German Arbugaev. “We started from Yakutsk, flew on a cargo-passenger flight to the village of Deputatskiy, then by helicopter we got to Yukaghir, from where we started by dog-drawn,” says Maxim Lyubavin, a member of the expedition and a musher for one of the teams. — Then we reached the extreme point of the mainland, Cape Svyatoy Nos, went out to the Laptev Sea, passed Cape Dezhnev, about. Bolshoi Lyakhovsky, Fr. Kotelny, and reached Cape Anisiy, to the ice-free part of the Arctic Ocean - the Great Siberian Polynya, where Toll supposedly died trying to cross from the island. Bennett on about. Boiler room We returned along approximately the same route, covering 1,550 km in a month.” The transport consisted of two teams (10 and 12 dogs) and a cargo snowmobile, which hauled one and a half tons of supplies (the expedition was completely autonomous and did not use “drop-ins”; the sledges carried a two-day supply of provisions, tents and sleeping bags). According to Maxim, the Yakut dogs were in excellent shape and endured the journey well, moving, although not too fast, but at an even pace (the longest distance was 125 km, covered in 18 hours). The greatest difficulties were caused by hummocks, which greatly slowed down the progress (they had to either go around them or cut a path). In addition, problems were caused by a blizzard, during which, due to almost zero visibility, it was impossible to move, and food reserves were consumed at the same pace (each dog ate more than 1 kg of fish per day).

— The frame of the sled is also not rigid, but articulated, and even adjustable in height - for the same purpose of following the terrain. Now the frame is made of aluminum and carbon fiber, and a canopy with compartments for things is pulled over it. Walking or sports sleds, depending on the size, can be designed for teams of two to ten dogs and weigh up to 10 kg, more durable and heavier expedition sleds - about 20 kg.”

The runners of modern sports sleds resemble cross-country skis in appearance - narrow (30-40 mm wide) and long (more than 2 m). But in terms of technology, they are more reminiscent not of cross-country skis, but of alpine skis - with wooden cores and a sliding surface made of sintered polyethylene. The deflection of the runners is shifted back, to where the musher stands, driving the sled.

There are brakes, and in abundance: a “soft” brake - a rubber corrugated mat, pressed against the snow for slight braking in turns, a “hard” brake - an arc that cuts into the snow and ice (it is usually not allowed to use it in competitions - it spoils the track ), and “parking brake” - snow anchors. Expedition sleds feature a more durable and heavier design, a larger cargo compartment, titanium inserts in the runners and a brake chain lowered under the runners. In addition, so that the musher can rest a little on long journeys, expedition sleds can be equipped with a folding seat.

The sleds are equipped with an adjustable bow (often with built-in mittens) that the musher holds onto. But steering they have a foot-operated one, with a slight displacement of the runners. Like a good driver, a good musher must understand where the dogs will run next and, depending on this, control the position of the center of gravity and runners. To understand the basic elements, a few “driving” lessons are enough, but to become a good musher, as Maxim Lyubavin says, “you need to be half a dog yourself.”

When riding dogs, stops were made after 10 km, or more precisely after 1 hour. Time was determined thanks to a special skill, which, according to another famous expert on the North, P. F. Anjou, helped the pathfinders “to rarely be mistaken by five minutes at one hour.”

The Lower Indigirsky and Ustyansky fishermen, as noted above, while mining mammoth ivory, laid the foundation for outstanding discoveries at the beginning of the 19th century in Northeast Asia, which subsequently aroused great interest not only in Russia, but also in Europe. “Industrialists annually travel to distant islands to find mammoth bones. They set off on their journey from March and April. They guide their path according to the position of ice hummocks and snow drifts. Long experience had taught them how to recognize the proper direction to reach the desired islands. Having reached the desired islands, the industrialists remain on them: they look for mammoth bones along the shores, catch animals and fish, and at the onset of autumn, as soon as the sea is covered with ice, they head to their homes, and the very next year, with the onset of March, they transport all your trade."

Until the middle of the 19th century, some desperate Russian Ustinsky hunters hunted for arctic foxes and obtained mammoth ivory on the island of New Siberia. And the distance to the island from the mouth of the Indigirka is 300 km - 30 bottoms.” It is known that in 1847–1850. The Yakut merchant F. Solovyov and the Indigirsky tradesman E. Chikachev repeatedly equipped artels of industrial people to the island of New Siberia. Sometimes these expeditions ended tragically. A legend about this has been preserved among the people.

What courage and perseverance it took to embark on such a dangerous journey through endless hummocks in the polar night and in a snowstorm without a compass! And how much work it cost. After all, food, dog food and even fuel had to be taken with us. The one-way journey took more than 1 week. They say that in Russky Ustye lived the famous musher Stepan Silych, who, in any snowstorm, led his team exactly to a given place on the island. It is curious that the fishermen on the route strictly adhered to the 150th meridian of eastern longitude, which passes through the mouth of the left Indigirskaya channel and Pestsovy Cape in New Siberia.

Since 1911, annual steamship voyages from Vladivostok to Ambarchik Bay began, and from there cargo was transported across the tundra. Indigirka workers traveled to Ambarchik until 1935 - before the start of regular sea voyages to the mouth of the Indigirka River. Each farm was given a firm task: to deliver at least 20 pounds of cargo from Ambarchik. Taking into account the fact that we had to take dog food with us, the load on one sled reached 500–600 kg. And it had to be delivered 700–750 km away.

There are known cases when one team traveled from Yana to Indigirka (about 600 km) or from Indigirka to Kolyma (700 km) in 3 days without a change. It should be noted that one of the most valuable features of this transport, which distinguishes it from horse or reindeer transport, is that dogs usually walk as long as they have the strength, and in the case of good food and relatively favorable weather, they are able to work day after day for a long time.

In the north of Yakutia, the Indigir sled dog was valued above all others; it was always an object of purchase both on the Yana and in the Kolyma, and Indigir dogs were very jealous of the ability to ride dogs. Here the art of dog riding was divided into three types. The first is the ability to train animals for speed. Thus, according to E. Shereshevsky, on May 2, 1938, at regional competitions in Nizhnekolymsk, the best team covered a distance of 50 km in 2 hours 6 minutes, and the third place team completed it in 2 hours 20 minutes. The second is the ability to transport the largest amount of cargo. And third, perhaps the most important thing, is the ability to navigate the terrain in any weather.

In the Yakut Arctic, the custom of “feeding animals” was once widespread, which consisted in the fact that at birth, sons, in addition to their own, were given a dog’s name. This name was subsequently used to refer to puppies that were raised by teenage boys. Unlike purchased or traded dogs, such dogs were called “fed”. The custom of “feeding dogs” by the younger generation of riders provided for their early mastery of animal care techniques, acquiring the skills of riding them in children’s games and simple housework. By the age of ten, teenagers were traveling extensively.

The “dog question” occupied a large place in the life of Russian Arctic old-timers. The dogs were called “cattle” or “cattle”, and the kennel was called “pack”, apparently in memory of livestock farming, which their ancestors did in “Wise Rus'”. When meeting over a cup of tea on winter evenings, they started endless conversations about dogs, their habits, the best riders, etc.

“The dog feeds itself and us too. The dog does not ask for money, nor does he ask for clothes. You just have to make sure that she doesn’t starve, she will save you from death too. The person will not eat and cannot work. But the dog doesn’t eat for a day, he keeps going and going with the sacks until he falls...

... My father was a big rider. In tsarist times, he once took a merchant from Nizhnekolymsk to Srednekolymsk for a bet for a thousand rubles. He won the argument and got there in two days, which is 560 miles. I received two “Peters” (that is, two five-hundred-ruble notes), but I lost the dogs, they all died.”

This increased interest of local residents in sled dogs is understandable, since the well-being of the population of the Arctic depended on their condition.

The “Kayur” machine, produced by a domestic manufacturer, is a snowmobile produced for the first time without regard to foreign analogues. It is “tailored” quite well, despite the obvious principle “simplicity is the key to reliability.”

Snowmobile Kayur: design features

The engine of the Kayur snowmobile is the GX-390 power unit from Honda, which has established itself as one of the best engines used for power equipment. In addition to a fairly powerful engine, the snowmobile is also equipped with a hydraulic disc brake, a variator and hydraulic suspension, and the shock absorbers are very similar to those from Izhevsk. There is no reverse gear, but this, so to speak, disadvantage is fully compensated by the small dimensions of the car itself and its low weight.

An obvious disadvantage is the absence of any fuel level indicator, which greatly complicates the process of refueling and monitoring the fullness of the tank. Also, the snowmobile does not have an hour meter or odometer, despite the fact that there are castings for all of these devices on the body of the vehicle. The only way out is to carry a five-liter canister of fuel. You can place it in the seat tank, fortunately there is enough space there.

Controllability

The “Kayur” snowmobile, whose owners’ reviews confirm this fact, is very easy to drive. It is also worth noting that sitting on it is pleasant and comfortable: the legs are bent almost at a right angle, thanks to which they do not go numb, and you can stand up if necessary - you don’t even need to bend.

At first glance, it seems that the snowmobile's steering wheel is too small, but while driving, all fears dissipate - driving the machine is quite comfortable. The light-weight vehicle does not fall through even on the loosest snow thanks to the large reference area tracks and skis.

Flaws

"Kayur" is a snowmobile, which, unfortunately, is not intended for riding alone with a passenger. Adults wearing warm clothes will not be able to sit on a short saddle. Of course, you can drive, but you will have to do it in cramped conditions. This drawback relates not so much to ride comfort as to handling. vehicle generally. The compact and lightweight machine requires active body work while moving, and even with one rider it is prone to tipping over, let alone two people - even the Kayur snowmobiles cannot withstand this. Reviews from hunters confirm this - unfortunately, the product is designed for only one driver.

The second disadvantage is the engine power. “Kayur” is a snowmobile that can be accelerated to 50 km/h on compacted snow, but on loose virgin soil the car is unlikely to go faster than 25-35 km/h. The situation with the passenger is very sad: the speed does not exceed normal walking speed. The motor limiter cuts off more than half the power of the power unit, significantly reducing the speed range.

Snowmobile "Kayur": photos and advantages

However, despite two rather significant disadvantages, it is worth remembering that the “Kayur” is a snowmobile that is more reminiscent of a scooter for winter travel than a full-fledged tourist vehicle. It evokes similar associations among many owners. The “Kayur” snowmobile, reviews of which confirm this, is in many ways reminiscent of a scooter - in dynamics, weight, dimensions and ease of control.

Steering a car that weighs almost nothing is very simple; the process itself does not require any effort from the pilot. Even on bare ice, the vehicle does not become uncontrollable and obeys the driver perfectly. After a couple of minutes, the car’s tendency to “ear” ceases to be such a minus and turns into a real pleasure. A snowmobile can easily ride on only one ski, lifting the second one up, and not only along a curve, but also in a straight line for an unlimited time. The only thing you should pay attention to here is that the track may come off due to poor tension. So before performing such stunts, it is worth checking the wheelbase.

Cross-country ability and suspension capabilities

The “musher” is a snowmobile that is more reminiscent of a “toy” than a full-fledged tourist transport; therefore, you should not expect anything unimaginable from it. Despite this, you can make him jump. If necessary, a snowmobile can easily withstand a jump and subsequent impact from a parapet one meter high, but it is still not designed for this. Even when landing from a height of a couple of tens of centimeters, the shock absorbers work until they break down, which, accordingly, does not benefit either the snowmobile itself or the pilot’s vertebrae.

It is better not to drive the Kayur into unfamiliar areas - its suspension, unfortunately, has virtually no reserve energy capacity.

Snowmobile "Kayur": technical characteristics and parameters

The economical and compact “Itlan-Kayur” is the first domestic snowmobile created, as mentioned above, without the use of foreign experience. In this development, manufacturers focused on operational features in the conditions of Russian roads and took as a basis the experience and feedback of hunters, fishermen and racers. The resulting machine is small in size and light in weight, which has a positive effect on its maneuverability. A huge advantage of a snowmobile is the ability to transport it on a regular car trailer, which its foreign counterparts do not have.

Which the vehicle is equipped with provides it with a sufficient level of cross-country ability, allowing it to drive not only along well-trodden paths, but also on deep, loose surfaces. The power unit is the Japanese Honda GX390, which meets Euro 2 standards and has a power of 13 horsepower with a torque of 3600 rpm. The engine itself is considered “indestructible” - the guarantee alone is given for 1500 operating hours, which is very, very good for such a machine. And with proper handling and use of high-quality motor oil its working resource can be made truly endless.

The tracks installed on the Kayur are standard Buranovsk sizes, but have separate brackets for the rail suspension. They are produced by JSC "Composite". The products of this manufacturer have been repeatedly tested on similar snowmobiles of the Buran and Taiga types. The products are reasonably priced and delivered promptly. The dry weight of the machine is small - about 120 kg. It was possible to achieve such a mass thanks to the use of a special welded frame, produced using a laser sheet cutter and software pipe benders.

These are pretty good specifications. The snowmobile's controllability and obedience make it an indispensable vehicle for hunters and fishermen.

Cost of the snowmobile "Kayur"

This transport belongs to the lower price segment. The cost of the “Kayur” depends on the configuration and options and averages 160-163 thousand rubles. A snowmobile can cost a little less if it has a KAYUR-420 engine installed, rather than the standard one from Honda. Of course, it is far from full-fledged units, but if you need a small car for fast and comfortable movement, then the “Kayur” is ideal option in terms of price-quality ratio.

Results

Summarizing all of the above, we can say that the Kayur snowmobile is a very good vehicle offered on the domestic market. It is ideal for those who cannot afford to purchase and maintain a full-fledged device.

Of course, it also has its drawbacks - insufficient power, inability to transport luggage or passengers. Despite this, the “Kayur” is small in size and weight, takes up little space in the garage, is unpretentious in maintenance and is equipped with a good power unit, characterized by reliability and simplicity. The snowmobile is ideal for those who do not want to overpay for fame and brand, but still want to get a high-quality machine.