Ceilings help separate floors from each other and separate the living area from the attic and basement.

Dismantling slabs flooring is a responsible and dangerous job. If it is carried out with some violations, it can lead to disastrous consequences, such as partial or complete collapse of the building. That is why this event is carried out by specially trained people.

Technological features of slab dismantling in Moscow and the Moscow region.

Dismantling of slabs in Moscow includes several stages and can be partial or complete. Partial dismantling may be necessary to replace a flight of stairs in multi-storey building, and complete implies the complete elimination of the entire structure.

Before dismantling begins, a technological map is drawn up, which indicates the sequence of work and takes into account the structural features of the facility. This plan improves work cycle efficiency.

The main purpose of dismantling is to disassemble the slabs into parts, destroying their integral structure of concrete and reinforcement. Other special tools are also used for this.

After completion of the dismantling work, the supporting beams are removed. First of all, the auxiliary ones are sorted out, and then the main ones. Some elements from the demolished facility will be recycled, and some can be reused in construction.

Dismantling of road slabs in Moscow and the Moscow region

In populated areas where large-scale construction is taking place, temporary roads are being built for the movement of heavy construction equipment. The material used is iron concrete plates. They are able to withstand significant loads. Upon completion of construction work and commissioning of objects, road slabs are dismantled. For these purposes, specialists are involved who have modern compressors with jackhammers at their disposal.

Ordering a service is the right and cost-effective decision

If you need to dismantle floor slabs or road slabs, please contact our company. Our specialists will be able to complete all tasks assigned to them efficiently and within strictly defined deadlines. The availability of modern equipment and tools allows us to perform work with maximum accuracy and in compliance with safety standards.

TYPICAL TECHNOLOGICAL CARD (TTK)

DEVICE OF A TEMPORARY DRIVEWAY ON A CONSTRUCTION SITE WITH A COVERING OF PRECAST CONCRETE PLATES

I. SCOPE OF APPLICATION

I. SCOPE OF APPLICATION

1.1. A standard technological map (hereinafter referred to as TTK) is a comprehensive organizational and technological document developed on the basis of methods of scientific organization of labor intended for use in the development of Work Production Projects (PPR), Construction Organization Projects (COP) and other organizational and technological documentation in construction .

TTK can be used to properly organize labor at a construction site, determine the composition of production operations, the most modern means of mechanization and methods of performing work using a specific technology.

TTK is an integral part of Work Projects (hereinafter referred to as WPR) and is used in as part of the PPR according to MDS 12-81.2007.

1.2. This TTK provides instructions on the organization and technology of work on the construction of a temporary passage on a construction site with a continuous type of covering made of prefabricated reinforced concrete slabs.

The composition of production operations, requirements for quality control and acceptance of work, planned labor intensity of work, labor, production and material resources, measures for industrial safety and labor protection.

1.3. The regulatory basis for the development of a technological map is:

Standard drawings;

Construction codes and regulations (SNiP, SN, SP);

Factory instructions and technical conditions (TU);

Standards and prices for construction installation work(GESN-2001 ENiR);

Production standards for material consumption (NPRM);

Local progressive norms and prices, norms of labor costs, norms of consumption of material and technical resources.

1.4. The purpose of creating the TTK is to describe solutions for the organization and technology of work on the construction of a temporary passage on a construction site with a continuous type of covering made of prefabricated reinforced concrete slabs, in order to ensure their high quality, as well as:

Reducing the cost of work;

Reduced construction duration;

Ensuring the safety of work performed;

Organization of rhythmic work;

Rational use of labor resources and machines;

Unification of technological solutions.

1.5. On the basis of the TTK, as part of the PPR (as mandatory components of the Work Project), Working Technological Maps (RTK) are developed for the performance of certain types of work (SNiP 3.01.01-85 * "Organization of construction production") for the installation of temporary passage on a construction site with a continuous type of covering from prefabricated reinforced concrete slabs.

The design features of their implementation are decided in each specific case by the Working Design. The composition and degree of detail of materials developed in the RTK are established by the relevant contracting construction organization, based on the specifics and volume of work performed.

The RTK is reviewed and approved as part of the PPR by the head of the General Contracting Construction Organization.

1.6. The TTK can be tied to a specific facility and construction conditions. This process consists of clarifying the scope of work, means of mechanization, and the need for labor and material and technical resources.

The procedure for linking the TTC to local conditions:

Consideration of map materials and selection of the desired option;

Checking the compliance of the initial data (scope of work, time standards, brands and types of mechanisms used building materials, composition of the worker level) to the accepted option;

Adjustment of the scope of work in accordance with the chosen option for the production of work and a specific design solution;

Recalculation of calculations, technical and economic indicators, requirements for machines, mechanisms, tools and material and technical resources in relation to the chosen option;

Design of the graphic part with specific reference to mechanisms, equipment and devices in accordance with their actual dimensions.

1.7. A standard flow chart has been developed for new construction and is intended for engineering and technical workers (work producers, foremen) and road construction workers performing work in the third temperature zone in order to familiarize (train) them with the rules for carrying out work on temporary construction passage on a construction site with a continuous type of covering made of prefabricated reinforced concrete slabs, using the most progressive and rational solutions for the organization, technology and mechanization of road construction work.

1.8. Parameters of a temporary driveway covered with prefabricated reinforced concrete slabs:

Width of the roadway for single-lane traffic - =3.5 m ;

Substrate thickness - =0.15 m;

Track thickness - =0.17 m.

Fig.1. Cross profile of a temporary road covered with reinforced concrete slabs

II. GENERAL PROVISIONS

2.1. The technological map has been developed for a set of works on the construction of a temporary passage on a construction site with a continuous type of covering made of prefabricated reinforced concrete slabs.

2.2. Work on the installation of a temporary passage on a construction site with a continuous type of covering made of prefabricated reinforced concrete slabs is carried out in one shift, the duration of net working time during a 10-hour shift is:

2.3. The work sequentially performed when constructing a temporary passage on a construction site with a continuous type of covering made of prefabricated reinforced concrete slabs includes the following technological operations:

Geodetic breakdown of the driveway structure;

Cutting the plant layer of soil, h=0.10 m;

Preparing the natural base;

Construction of a sandy underlying layer, h=0.15 m;

Installation of a covering made of prefabricated reinforced concrete slabs;

Welding slabs and sealing seams with sand-cement mixture.

2.4. Technological map It is envisaged that the work will be carried out by a complex mechanized unit consisting of: KamAZ-6520 dump trucks (Q=20 t); soil vibrating roller DU-85 (=13 t, =15-70 cm, =2000 mm); watering machine PM-3U (=6000 l); wheel front loader Volvo L45B (=1.5 m); bulldozer DZ-42 based on the DT-75 tractor (=2.56 m, =0.8 m, =1.5 m, =95 hp); welding generator (Honda) EVROPOWER EP-200Х2 (single-station, gasoline, P=200 A, H=230 V, m=90 kg); automobile crane KS-3577-3K (=14.0 t, =15.5 t, =14.0 m).

Fig.2. Truck crane KS-3577-3 and load capacity chart

Fig.5. Volvo L45B wheel loader

A - total length 6000 mm; L - max. lifting height 4690 mm; T - excavation depth 200 mm; H - bucket unloading height, 45° 2810 mm; M - bucket reach to max. height 830 mm; N - bucket reach 1650 mm; B - 5030 mm; C - 2450 mm; D - 410 mm; F - 2930 mm; J - 3395 mm; K - 3650 mm.

Fig.6. Bulldozer DZ-42

2.5. The following structures and materials are used to create a temporary passage at a construction site: medium-grained sand from 3 m/day, meeting the requirements of GOST 8736-93 *; reinforced concrete slabs 2P30.18-10 (size 30001750170 mm, m=2.2 t, V=0.88 m, without mounting brackets), meeting the requirements of GOST 21924.0-84; electrodes E-42, meeting the requirements of GOST 9466-75; dry, ready-made sand-cement mixture 1:12, meeting the requirements of GOST 31357-2007.

Fig.9. General view of road slab 2P30.18-10

H=170 mm; H=1750 mm; L=3000 mm.

2.6. Work on the construction of a temporary passage on a construction site with a continuous type of covering made of prefabricated reinforced concrete slabs should be carried out in accordance with the requirements of the following regulatory documents:

III. ORGANIZATION AND TECHNOLOGY OF WORK EXECUTION

Solve basic issues related to the logistics of construction, incl. concluding contracts for the supply of material and technical resources, placing orders for the production of elements of prefabricated structures, parts and products necessary for the construction of an object (structure);

Receive from the Customer’s construction control the main sets of working drawings with the inscription "Into production" and provide them with the construction site;

Organize a thorough study of design materials containing initial data for construction by craftsmen and work producers;

Develop a PPR for "On-site preparatory work", containing decisions on the organization of construction production, technology of road construction work, coordinate them with the General Contractor and construction control of the Customer;

By order of the construction organization, appoint persons responsible for the safe performance of work, control and quality of their implementation;

To staff the brigade (link) with workers of relevant professions and road construction machine operators with the required qualifications;

Familiarize the foremen and team members with the Work Project, the Technological Map and the technology for the production of work on the construction of temporary passage, and also issue to the teams and teams Work Orders, Calculations and Limit Cards for materials for the entire volume of assigned work;

Conduct training for members of teams (links) on industrial safety and labor protection when performing work;

Provide workers with personal protective equipment;

Establish temporary inventory household premises for storing building materials, tools, equipment, heating workers, eating, drying and storage work clothes, bathrooms, etc.;

Develop schemes and arrange temporary access roads for traffic to the work site;

Arrange temporary storage areas for receiving structures, building parts and materials;

Prepare machines, mechanisms and equipment for work, deliver them to the site, install and test them at idle speed;

Deliver to the work area the necessary equipment, devices for safe work, electrified, mechanized and hand tools;

Provide the construction site with fire-fighting equipment and alarm systems;

Provide communication for operational dispatch control of work.

3.3. General requirements to carry out work

3.3.1. The construction of temporary roads is carried out to provide access to construction sites, or in cases where the main road is closed to the movement of civilian vehicles for repair and construction work. A temporary road is also needed for access to construction sites in wetlands or hard-to-reach places, to mining sites, and to logging sites. When constructing temporary roads, road blocks are widely used. reinforced concrete slabs, allowing to reduce the time required for the construction of entrances and ensure their durability and reliability.

3.3.2. Temporary roads can be covered with crushed stone, gravel or reinforced concrete road slabs on a sandy base.

3.3.3. Roads at construction sites can be dead ends or roundabouts. At the end of dead-end roads there should be turning areas measuring at least 12x12 m (see Fig. 10).

Fig. 10. Plan of internal roads during the construction of ground structures

1 - ring road; 2 - dead-end road; 3 - passing; 4 - turn; 5 - widened turn of the ring road

Fig. 11. Scheme of dead-end and turning areas

Roads are laid so that the distance from the edge of the roads to the buildings (structures) under construction is at least 0.8 m, and to the edge of trenches or pits located along the roads is at least 1.5 m. In this case, the roads themselves must be outside the collapse prism soil.

3.3.4. The width of temporary roads is accepted:

For two-lane traffic - 6 m (in justified cases - up to 7 m);

For single-lane traffic - 3.5 m with a widening of up to 6.5 m for unloading areas for vehicles (for heavy vehicles - 7.0 m).

3.3.5. The length of the unloading area is determined depending on the number of vehicles simultaneously standing under unloading, their dimensions and is taken within the range of 15-45 m.

3.3.6. The curvature radii of temporary roads depend on the size of the cargo and vehicles used for their delivery, and is accepted within the range of 12-18 m.

Fig. 12. Turning patterns for temporary slab roads

3.3.7. On a construction site with an area of ​​5 hectares or more, at least two entrances are provided from opposite sides.

3.3.8. The width of the gates at the entrances to the construction site must be at least 4 m.

3.3.9. Each work exit from the construction site is equipped with a vehicle wheel washing (cleaning) station.

3.3.10. At the entrances to the construction site, a fire protection information stand is installed with the buildings and auxiliary buildings and structures under construction, traffic patterns, locations of water sources, fire extinguishing and communications equipment shown, and a fire crew is assigned.

3.3.11. Where temporary roads intersect with dangerous areas, it is necessary to install road signs and safety signs. In necessary cases, signalmen are specially appointed to regulate the movement of transport and the operation of lifting machines.

3.3.12. Roads must be provided with speed limit signs. The speed of vehicles on a construction site near work sites should not exceed 10 km/h on straight sections and 5 km/h on turns.

3.3.13. The main difference between “temporary” coatings and “permanent” ones is the absence of mounting brackets, which are a mandatory element for the latter. The fact that concrete road slabs can be used several times (dismantled and installed in a new place) makes their use economically profitable. After use, the stove does not lose its performance characteristics, and construction of temporary roads can begin immediately at the new location.

3.3.14. The installation of prefabricated cement concrete pavement can be carried out year-round. In winter, the laying of slabs in the road surface is carried out on a finished subgrade and base (arranged in the summer) in accordance with the requirements for work in winter. During snowfall and blizzards, work on the construction of road surfaces is not allowed.

3.3.15. Upon completion of construction, reinforced concrete slabs covering the temporary passage are dismantled and transported to a warehouse construction organization for further use.

3.4. Preparatory work

3.4.1. Before the start of the main work on the construction of a temporary passage at the construction site, preparatory work must be completed, which includes:

Laying out and fixing the travel route on the ground;

Cutting, loading and removal of the plant layer of soil;

Preparing the natural foundation.

3.4.2. Work on arranging a passage should begin with determining the location of the building (structure) under construction and marking the boundaries of the passage in the presence of a representative of the General Contractor.

3.4.3. The geodetic breakdown of the passage at a construction site consists of indicating its dimensions on the ground. The breakdown is carried out in two planes: horizontal and vertical. When laying out horizontally, the position of the axis is determined and fixed on the ground, and when laying out vertically, the estimated height of the passage. The axis of the crossing is first visually hung with stakes, giving the direction of the route, then the layout is corrected by measuring the distance from the building (structure) under construction to the axis and the marked points are secured with stakes every 20 m. From the found axis, the boundaries of cutting the vegetation layer are divided and the marked points are secured with poles 1 high ,0-1.5 m, installed every 10 m. The contours of the storage shafts are marked with stakes.

In order to prevent the breakdown or filling of installed road marking signs on the ground, they should be marked with pegs placed outside the excavation work. After the construction of the passage is completed, the established layout is removed.

The completed work on the geodetic layout of a temporary passage at the construction site must be presented to a representative of the Customer’s construction control for technical inspection. In the absence of defects, as well as after eliminating the deficiencies, it is necessary to document these works by signing a Temporary Passage Layout Certificate in accordance with the form given in Appendix 2, RD-11-02-2006.

3.4.4. Before starting each type of work, the boundaries of zones of potentially hazardous production factors must be established at a distance of 5 m, which include areas of movement of machines (loader, roller, jib crane), their parts, working parts, as well as places over which the movement of goods occurs ( reinforced concrete slabs) with a jib crane. At the boundaries of the zones, safety protective and signal fences, warning notices and safety signs must be placed, clearly visible at any time of the day.

Fig. 13. Warning signs

Fig. 14. Signal fence design

3.4.4. The sequentially performed excavation work to cut off the plant layer of soil includes the following technological operations:

Cutting off plant soil with a bulldozer and moving it into shafts;

Loading plant soil with a front loader into dump trucks;

Transportation of plant soil to the dump by dump trucks.

The plant layer should be cut off, usually in a thawed state. If vehicle traffic is difficult, it is allowed to remove the soil in the spring when the soil thaws to the appropriate depth.

From the right of way allocated for the construction of a temporary driveway, the vegetation (fertile) layer with a thickness of h = 0.10 m and a width of 3.50 m is removed and placed in shafts that are located on the driveway.

Working according to the “shuttle scheme”, the plant soil is removed and moved bulldozer DZ-42 immediately along the entire right of way.

When cutting plant soil according to the “shuttle scheme”, the dump is filled with soil, it moves when the bulldozer moves forward, and idling occurs when the bulldozer moves in reverse along the same straight line.

In this case, each cycle of cutting and moving soil is carried out with an overlap of the previous track by 25-30 cm with the movement of the cut soil into a cone for further loading into dump trucks and removal to designated areas.

Each bulldozer cycle for cutting plant soil is carried out in the following technological sequence:

Lowering the blade and installing it in the required position;

Cutting and filling the dump with soil;

Moving the soil of the plant layer to the installation site;

Unloading (laying) soil of the plant layer into a dump;

Moving the bulldozer into the face to the next cut.

When removing and storing the fertile soil layer, measures must be taken to prevent a decrease in its quality (mixing with underlying mineral layers, underlying non-vegetative soil, contamination with waste, construction debris, erosion, blowing out, freezing, etc.).

The soil of the plant layer is loaded from the dump wheeled front loader Volvo L45B V KamAZ-6520 dump trucks . Loading soil with a loader is carried out from the side of the dump truck. The soil is removed to places designated by the settlement, where it is unloaded into a dump for delivery to the land user.

The completed work on cutting the plant layer of soil must be presented to the Customer’s construction control representative for technical inspection. In the absence of defects, as well as after eliminating the deficiencies, it is necessary to document these works by signing the Certificate of Inspection of Hidden Works, in accordance with Appendix 3, RD-11-02-2006 and obtain permission to carry out subsequent work on the preparation of the natural foundation.

3.4.5. Preparing the soil foundation for the embankment roadbed consists in its leveling, planning and compaction.

Leveling the surface of the base under the embankment is carried out bulldozer DZ-42 by cutting off hummocks, filling in holes, ruts and irregularities (more than ±0.1 m), with longitudinal passes in two passes along the trail, overlapping the previous pass by 0.5 m.

The leveling of the base surface under the embankment is carried out in strips equal to the width of the bulldozer blade, with a working stroke in one direction (see Fig. 15).

Fig. 15. Scheme of laying out a natural foundation using a bulldozer

The surface of the soil base should be planned under a gable transverse profile with a slope of 40‰ to the edges of the driveway and ensure rapid removal of precipitation.

Due to the fact that the soil in the surface zone (5-10 cm) of the natural soil base obtained from cutting the plant layer, as a rule, has a slightly lower value than the required one, due to its horizontal shift by the roller roller during compaction ("bulldozer effect "), when preparing for the construction of the roadbed, it is necessary to compact this area using a road, self-propelled, soil vibratory roller DU-85 for 3 passes along one track, shuttle passes with an operating speed of 6.0 km/h, with the vibrator turned off, starting from the edge of the base, with each pass moving towards the axis by 2/3 of the strip being compacted, with each previous pass overlapping by 0.3 m, up to compaction coefficient 0,98 .

The completed work to prepare the natural foundation must be presented to the Customer’s construction control representative for technical inspection. In the absence of defects, as well as after eliminating the deficiencies, it is necessary to document these works by signing the Certificate of Inspection of Concealed Works, in accordance with the form of Appendix No. 3, RD-11-02-2006 and obtain permission to carry out subsequent work on the installation of a sandy underlying layer.

3.4.6. To ensure the scope of work on the installation of a sandy underlying layer, work on the installation of a trough must be carried out ahead of at least one shift.

3.4.7. The completion of preparatory work is recorded in the General Work Log (The recommended form is given in RD 11-05-2007).

3.5. Construction of a sandy underlying layer

3.5.1. Substrate created for:

Elimination of unevenness of the natural foundation;

Ensuring the movement of coating slabs when the ambient temperature changes;

Uniformly distribute pressure from cars;

Reducing stress in slabs;

Increasing the resistance of the surface of the natural base during the construction and operation of the road.

The underlying layer performs the functions of drainage, frost protection, leveling and anti-silting.

3.5.2. The construction of the underlying layer includes the following work operations:

Transportation of sand by dump trucks;

Leveling sand with a bulldozer;

Leveling the underlying layer with a bulldozer;

Compacting the layer with soil rollers;

Watering with water when the sand moisture content is less than optimal.

3.5.3. Before starting work on the installation of the underlying layer in winter, the natural base must be cleared of snow and ice in the area of ​​the removable grip. During snowfall and blizzards, work on laying the layer should be stopped.

3.5.4. Sand for the construction of the underlying layer is developed in a quarry excavator Volvo EC-290B and delivered to the work site KamAZ-6520 dump trucks.

Sand is delivered to the prepared trough base based on the required layer thickness. The required thickness, taking into account the sand reserve factor for compaction equal to 1.10, is found by the formula.

, m,

Design layer thickness, m

Required value of compaction coefficient, Table 22, SNiP 2.06.02-85

Initial compaction coefficient: bulldozer 0.800.85

The amount of settlement of the sand layer, 3%

The delivered sand is unloaded from dump trucks onto the surface of the base of the trough in heaps. The distance between the centers of unloaded soil piles is determined by the formula:

Where is the load capacity of a dump truck, tons.

Heap leveling strip width, m.

Thickness of the technological layer of filling, m.

Safety factor for sand compaction = 1.10.

Volumetric weight of sand, t/m.

Maintaining the required distance will not only guarantee the required thickness of the underlying layer and ensure the quality of its compaction, but will also minimize the work of the bulldozer and motor grader in leveling the heaps and save time and fuel. Reception of sand at the unloading site is carried out by a road worker, who gives a signal for the approach and departure of the vehicle, and stops at the designated places for unloading materials.

3.5.5. The sand in the layer is leveled bulldozer DZ-42 in four passes, with soil moving from the heap to a distance of up to 3.0 m in layers with a thickness of = 0.11 m, in a shuttle pattern from the edges to the middle across the entire width of the trough, overlapping the previous trace by 0.4-0.6 m at operating speed in second gear in a push-pull manner (see Fig. 16)

Fig. 16. Scheme of work on the construction of the sandy underlying layer:

1 - distributed sand; 2 - leveling sand with a bulldozer; 3, 4 - delivered sand

3.5.6. To profile the upper part of the underlying layer, it is carefully planned according to design marks bulldozer DZ-42 according to the shuttle pattern for two passes along the trail, in 1st gear. Planning should begin with the lowest (longitudinal) areas. First, the mounds and the existing “comb” are cut off and the holes are filled, and then they begin the general layout along the entire length of the grip. The overlap of traces when leveling the layer should be 0.5 m. During the profiling process, to ensure the evenness of the layer, sand must be removed or added. The surface of the filled layer should be planned under a gable transverse profile with a slope of 40‰ to the edges of the driveway and ensure rapid removal of precipitation.

3.5.7. To achieve the required density of the underlying layer =0,98 When compacted, sand should have an optimal moisture content of 8-12% or differ from the optimal moisture content by no more than 0.90-1.05.

In dry and hot weather, to bring the sand to optimal humidity and ensure better compaction, the surface of the layer is watered with water 20-30 minutes before compaction begins. watering machine PM-3U . The required amount of water to moisten 1.0 m of the laid layer is determined by the formula

Laying slabs- one of the most effective ways arrangement of temporary roads. It does not require large financial investments and helps to quickly install coverage where it is needed.

Advantages

The construction of roads by laying large reinforced concrete slabs has a number of significant advantages:

• High speed. There is no need to wait several weeks for road construction to be completed.
• There is no need to use heavy asphalt paving equipment.
• The coating can be used immediately after the completion of road construction.
• Once the coating is no longer needed, it can be easily dismantled. Reinforced concrete slabs can be subsequently reused.

Road construction by laying reinforced concrete slabs is carried out everywhere. Such roads can be seen at access points to construction sites, in areas with soft, subsiding soil, near parking lots or rural airfields.

Versatility- this is the main difference between this method of road construction. The slabs can be laid on almost any soil, which cannot be said about classic asphalt paving. There is no need to prepare the foundation, and the cost of renting special equipment will be much lower.

Opportunity reuse- another plus in favor of the slabs. To be fair, it should be noted that used slabs differ from new ones only appearance and minor chips at the joints. At the same time, they cost an order of magnitude less (on average 40-45%).

Road pavement made from slabs is not afraid of harsh climatic conditions, no sudden temperature changes. It behaves well in the temperature range from -45 to +55 °C. Moreover, adding special admixtures to concrete can further expand this temperature Range.

Material requirements

There are a number of requirements for road slabs when organizing temporary access roads to construction sites and industrial facilities. So, in particular, the thickness of these plates should not be less than 14 cm. Reinforcement must be built inside, and the density of the finished product must be in the range from 2.2 to 2.5 t/m. As for the shape, it can be arbitrary. Some road equipment is better at laying long rectangular reinforced concrete slabs, while others are better at laying square ones.

Depending on the operating conditions, the surface of the plates can be smooth or corrugated. Corrugated slabs are more protected from ice formation. On the other hand, if mainly tracked vehicles will ply along the access roads, then there is no point in creating a corrugated surface.

During road construction of access roads, considerable demands are placed on the quality of concrete. It is this material that directly determines what loads the future coating can withstand and how well it will resist atmospheric conditions. It is believed that concrete with a high frost resistance class (F150) is optimal for Russia. If in the future it is planned to dismantle the slabs and re-construct roads using them, then it is desirable that mounting loops be built into the concrete. They must be located in special recesses so as not to interfere with the movement of vehicles after installation.

Types of road slabs

Road slabs vary in shape and size. The size is indicated by the manufacturer in meters, and there is a convenient naming system to determine the shape. So, for example, rectangular slabs are designated by the letter “P”, hexagonal slabs by “W”. There are also more complex names. For example, “PPB” means: a rectangular slab with two combined sides.

When carrying out road construction of temporary access roads, it is necessary to remember that their strength and performance properties directly depend on compliance with the slab laying technology. As with asphalt paving, soil preparation is far from of secondary importance.

Soil preparation is carried out in the following order:

• The top soil layer is removed and its surface is leveled using road equipment.
• Using the services of special equipment, a trench with a depth of 30 to 50 cm is torn (depending on the type of soil and the target load on the road surface).
• To insure the access road from erosion and weed germination, geotextiles are laid at the bottom of the dug trench.
• A ten-centimeter layer of crushed stone is poured on top of the geotextile, and about 20 cm of sand is poured on top of the crushed stone.
• The sand cushion is watered.
• The soil is thoroughly compacted.

To compact the soil, you can use the services of special equipment with a vibrating plate.. If you need to cover a large area with slabs, it is better to use a roller. Do not forget to control the soil level during the compaction process (use a level and a rope beacon for these purposes).

After the surface is compacted, you can begin laying reinforced concrete slabs. If their size does not allow using the services of existing special equipment, you can resort to renting a crane on wheels. To avoid distortions, the first row of road slabs is always laid along the stretched cord.

When constructing access roads, reinforced concrete slabs can be laid with a gap or close to one another. Sand is poured into the remaining cracks. In order to prevent cracks from appearing on the road surface, the seams are pre-expanded with a wet solution, and the slabs themselves are covered with film.

If heavy equipment is expected to travel on access roads, they must be reinforced. There are several ways to do this. The simplest one is to add cement at the stage of organizing the sand cushion. Often, to increase the strength characteristics of the road surface, the mounting loops of concrete slabs are welded together.

Road cutting performed by a seam cutter for subsequent dismantling of the road fragment. Data Men at work We performed it in winter conditions at sub-zero temperatures, in a volume of 260 linear meters. Roadbed where asphalt and road slabs are cutneeded to be treated with a reagent. Otherwise, the water that flows onto the saw blade freezes and creates icy conditions, and this is unacceptable for a joint cutter. In summer conditions, this type of work is completed faster.

New time-tested recipes.

Dismantling of road slabs

road slabs and asphalt with subsequent restoration of the road surface.
Dismantling is carried out excavator loader JCB with hydraulic hammer. The dismantled fragments of the roadway are loaded into a dump truck and immediately removed.
The total volume of dismantled concrete is 80 cubic meters.

Trench construction

Construction of trenches in the road surface. We cut out asphalt and concrete slabs, knocked down the concrete and removed the earth crust in a volume of 110 cubic meters. To remove the concrete, 11 containers with a volume of 20 cubic meters were needed.