Sections of the site
Editor's Choice:
- Khajuraho temple complex
- Gothic style in the architecture of the Middle Ages
- All the rarest Pokemon, how and where to find them, how to track them and how to catch them
- Biometric passport: what is it? From what year are biometric passports made?
- Museum of bones - ossuary, Czech Republic, Sedlec
- Why don't plants freeze under the snow?
- Etymology of the names of all European countries
- Diseases of apple trees and their treatment Is it possible to eat apples with warts
- List of the best films about kidnapping
- Exit to the Astral. Traveling outside the body. Robert Monroe "Space Travel" Rosalind McKnight Space Travel read
Advertising
How to obtain a biometric foreign passport: procedure, prices, nuances. Biometric passport: what is it? From what year are biometric passports made? |
For several years now, government authorities have been issuing a new generation passport. But not everyone still knows what a biometric passport is, where to get it, and what it is needed for? A biopassport is a citizen’s identification document for crossing the country’s border and staying abroad. A microcircuit acts as a carrier of encrypted information, the data of which becomes accessible only with a special reading device. How to get it? Biometrics conceptThe term “biometrics” has no direct relation to a foreign passport. It denotes the structure of distinctive features of a person's appearance or behavior. Initially, biometric information was used in the IT system for access control and identification. In relation to an electronic document, physiological characteristics that never change in humans can be used. In this case they use:
The new passport contains biometric data, usually only fingerprints recorded on a special microchip. Similarities and differences between the “new” and “old” passportsBut, in addition to this information, the same data is duplicated in the biometric passport as in the traditional document:
Interestingly, the information is not visually accessible even to the owner and can only be read using special devices. Let's try to figure out how it differs from the old one and what the new passport looks like:
In the Russian Federation, new passports are issued by the state enterprise Gosznak. Sample of a new biometric passport in Russia Advantages and disadvantages of biopassportsThe main advantage of the new passport is the reduction of the passport control procedure. Unfortunately, not all checkpoints are equipped with such equipment, but where they are, separate corridors are often organized to help you go through the passport control procedure faster. In addition, there are a number of other advantages:
But, along with the advantages, we can highlight some disadvantages:
Actually, biometrics is intended in this case in order to maximally protect new documents from forgery. After all, scammers do not sleep, and from the very moment passports appeared, attempts at falsification have not stopped, despite regular attempts by the state to improve the security system. Video: New passport
Features of obtaining a biometric document in Russia and UkraineIn Russia, the first points for issuing biopassports opened their doors back in 2009. Primary information received at these points is processed by a single personalization center. But to accept an application for a new passport, institutions must be equipped with adapted software and hardware. Mass issuance of biopassports began in the spring of 2010. Now almost any citizen can receive a new passport (including civil, official and diplomatic). What is needed to obtain new passports? To the nearest center of the Federal Migration Service of the Russian Federation you must provide:
The essence of registration and issuance in Ukraine is similar. You need to contact any visa center with a package of documents:
Cost and terms of obtaining a biometric passportThe price of obtaining a new generation international passport is influenced by a number of factors. The most significant is the production time. Citizens who do not need the document urgently, after 21 working days, will pay the least. The tariff for an adult is 2500 rubles, and for a child – 1200 rubles. If necessary, you can make a document faster, up to 1 business day, but, accordingly, you should first clarify how much such an express release costs. If a foreign passport is issued through the consular service, you will additionally have to pay a consular fee. Having understood the nuances of the new international passports, it becomes clear that there is nothing complicated or supernatural about them. And if you need to apply for a biometric passport, you just need to collect the necessary documents and submit them to the nearest visa center. Only within the borders of the state. Once crossed, the document no longer serves as identification, so to travel abroad you must obtain a foreign passport. Now Russians have access to two types of documents - new and old. Most citizens of the Russian Federation prefer the biometric type of international passport, which on January 1, 2015 began to fully correspond to its name. It is much better protected from counterfeiting and provides high reliability in personal identification. But with all its obvious advantages, many citizens of the Russian Federation still doubt whether it is worth receiving it. Therefore, it makes sense to find out what advantages a biometric passport has, what biometrics is, and how much it costs to order a document. New international passportA foreign biometric passport is a document confirming the citizenship and identity of its holder when crossing the border. It is valid in all countries. Has an approved form. Contains a photo of the owner and his personal data (full name, year of birth) and additional biometric information. Since 2015, Russian citizens can receive new generation passports What is biometrics?There are no absolutely identical people on the planet. Each has its own unique physical characteristics. Some are innate in nature and do not change under any circumstances - a fingerprint, vein pattern, DNA, hand geometry and the iris of the eyeball. Others can change (acquire) over the course of life - voice intonations, appearance, weight, gait. It is by these groups of physical characteristics that an individual person can be identified with 100% probability. The science that studies techniques for measuring various parameters and characteristics of a person in order to identify differences and similarities is called biometrics, or “measurements of life.” Thanks to the developed methods, it became possible to identify a specific person among 1,000,000 people with high accuracy. Now we can answer the question of what is a foreign biometric passport of a citizen of the Russian Federation. This is a document containing, in addition to personal data, a special microcircuit. The electronic data carrier stores a biometric parameter that does not change over life - a scan of the patterns (print) of the index fingers of the left and right hands. Note! In the Russian Federation, the issuance of biometric documents began in April 2004. The first samples of passports had a magnetic tape with the owner’s data sewn into them. In 2015, according to the Federal Law of the Russian Federation No. 374, amended in 2013, microcircuits began to be sewn into the document. Such foreign passports have been valid since January 2015. An electronic scanner is used to scan the fingerprint. Having read the pattern, it rewrites it into the memory of the microcircuit. The procedure is carried out with cleanly washed hands. The scan is performed twice:
Fingerprints - basic biometric data Note! There are times when it is impossible to scan the papillary pattern of the index (or one of the index) fingers. Then they save scans of the fingerprints of the thumbs, ring or middle fingers, and little fingers. There are no legal restrictions. In rare cases, an iris scan is used. Advantages of biometric passports
Over the 2.5 years of using the new sample documents, citizens of the Russian Federation have also identified their shortcomings. The passport requires especially careful handling. The area where the microcircuit is inserted is very vulnerable. If handled carelessly, it may be damaged. What are the differences from the old-style passport?Knowing what the new biometric passport is, what it looks like and what its features are is very important. When creating a modern travel document, RFID technology was used - radio frequency identification. A passive RFID chip securely stores biometric information. It does not have its own power source and is endowed with a minimum reading radius of 10 cm. Moreover, data from the media can only be removed using a special scanner. Externally, the new generation foreign document is no different from the old one. A microcircuit sewn into the cover is the physical difference of a modern passport. There are other differences:
Distinctive features of the new generation passport The physical dimensions and cover color of both types of documents are identical. They are printed on original GOZNAK letterheads. In what ways can I obtain a new passport?Having figured out what biometric passports look like for Russian citizens, it won’t hurt to figure out how to issue them. Today, there are several ways to obtain a foreign document. Personal appealIf you have free time or questions regarding the paperwork procedure, you should submit documents in person. You can do this by visiting:
You need to come with a package of papers already prepared. Here, a representative of the FMS will issue a citizen of the Russian Federation an application for a new type of biometric passport and collect the necessary data - an electronic photo and a scan of fingerprints. The procedure takes from 15 to 30 minutes. After submitting the papers, it will take about 30 days if they were presented to the department at the place of registration. Otherwise, the passport will take up to 4 months.
Note! This method will be of interest to those who decided to receive an old-style passport. New documents are not issued through the MFC. Using the functions of the Public Services portalThe method has one feature - you need to go through account verification (confirmation). It is registered on the website with the obligatory indication of full name, personal data, region and residential address. The authenticity of the account in the MFC is confirmed. Assistance from State Services is the only way to officially submit documents for the latest generation international passport. The procedure is as follows:
State services - a platform that simplifies the application procedure The decision on the application will be sent by letter to your personal account. It will contain an invitation to visit the MFC or the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation. You will need to bring a mandatory package of papers with you. What documents are required to obtain a passport?Sample application for a new passport
Sample application for a new passport for minors What is the cost of producing a foreign passport?When applying to the territorial authority at the place of registration, the document will be processed no more than 30 days. Urgent receipt is also possible if there are justified reasons (treatment abroad, for example) - 3 days. The cost of registration since July 2018 has increased to 5,000 rubles. (state duty). The price increase is due to the entry into force of Federal Law of the Russian Federation No. 180. You can view the current prices on the pages of the State Services portal. When submitting an application, it is recommended to carefully double-check the data. If inconsistencies or errors are detected, the procedure will have to be repeated. Otherwise the procedure has not changed. *Prices are current as of September 2018.
Citizens of the Russian Federation have the opportunity to obtain two types of foreign passports. But in order to decide which type of document is best to issue, it is important to understand how a biometric foreign passport differs from a regular one. New and old generation passports differ in criteria such as validity period, number of pages and ease of passing passport control at the border. Key differencesThe main difference between a new and old-style international passport is the presence of a microchip in the biometric passport, which electronically contains personal information about the passport holder. The chip contains data from the information page of a foreign document, which facilitates a simplified personal identification process.
Foreign passports of the new and old generations also differ in the number of pages: the biometric one has 46, and the regular one has 36. By applying for a biometric passport, you thereby acquire more free space for affixing future visas and stamps. External differencesWhat is the difference between the old and new passports in appearance? The table below shows all the external differences between the two types of documents.
Procedure for submitting documentsDocuments for both types of passports are submitted under the same conditions and in accordance with the general procedure. There are two options: applying in person and on the State Services portal. In the first case, you need to stand in line, which takes a lot of time. In the second case, you simply enter the data from some documents, then receive a notification that the application has been accepted by the Main Department of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Ministry of Internal Affairs in the method of your choice: SMS, email, notification in the application. After receiving the notification it is necessary. When submitting an application online and making non-cash payments on the State Services portal, there is a 30% discount (until the end of 2019). , through an electronic wallet or mobile phone. After payment, a notification will be sent to your personal account on the website about when you can appear at the Ministry of Internal Affairs department in person for. Upon preliminary electronic application, documents at the Ministry of Internal Affairs are accepted without a queue. The originals must be submitted no later than 6 months from the date of acceptance of the application by the Main Migration Department of the Ministry of Internal Affairs. After submitting the originals, all that remains is to wait for the notification of the date of issue of the foreign passport and come on the appointed day to the department of the Main Department of Migration Affairs of the Ministry of Internal Affairs to pick up the long-awaited document. Registration of international passports for childrenIf you need to issue a foreign travel document for a child, you can choose from the following options:
The option of including the child in the parental identity document abroad is the least expensive both in terms of time and finances, since there is no need to collect the necessary papers and wait for them to be completed. However, this method is only possible for paper foreign passports, and in this case the child has the right to leave Russia only if accompanied by the parent in whose passport it is written. Therefore, if a minor needs to travel abroad without being accompanied by parents or official guardians, then it is better to issue a separate document of a new or old generation for him. Take a sociological survey!Which passport is issued faster?If you are interested in which international passport is made faster - the old or new type, then you should know that there is not much difference. When submitting an application for a document at the place of permanent residence, the waiting period for both types of passports is up to one month, the wait can last up to four months. In any case, you will receive a notification about when you can pick up your foreign passport (with or without a chip), 2-3 days after submitting the documents to the Ministry of Internal Affairs. Difference in terms of validity and cost of registrationA significant advantage of the new document is its validity period. The old passport is valid for 5 years, and the new one is valid for 10 years. From this point of view, issuing a biometric document is much more profitable and convenient, since after the passport expires, you need to go through the document collection process again, pay for production services and wait for issuance in the general manner. In addition, you should pay close attention to the approaching expiration date of your foreign passport, since most countries have requirements for its validity. Despite all the advantages of obtaining a new passport, its obvious disadvantage is the higher cost of the state duty. The cost of obtaining a new document for an adult citizen of the Russian Federation is 5,000 rubles, a regular one will cost 2,000 rubles. For children under 14 years of age, the registration fee is 2,500 rubles for a biometric passport and 1,000 rubles for a standard passport. ConclusionForeign passports of both types - old and new - are equally valid in all countries of the world. However, according to some characteristics, each of them has a number of advantages. The main advantage of obtaining a biometric passport is the possibility of a simplified border crossing process, since this type of document is equipped with a special electronic chip with information about the owner. Another advantage is the validity period: the new document is issued for a period twice as long as the old passport. And finally, a biometric passport contains 10 more pages than a paper one. However, the second allows minor children to be included in it, which eliminates the need for parents to obtain a separate travel passport for children. In addition, the state fee for obtaining a foreign passport is lower for 5 years. Sample of a biometric international passport of the Russian Federation Recently it has become possible in the Russian Federation. What is the difference from a regular passport? What is the validity period? What documents are needed to complete it? What is its cost? Which international passport should you choose? How long does it take to complete? Everyone knows that the problem with forgery of documents exists not only in the Russian Federation, but also far beyond its borders. Moreover, the events of 2001 that occurred in the United States of America (a major terrorist attack) made us think seriously about security measures. For this reason, the New Orleans Agreement was signed in 2002, according to which certain regulations were established. It lies in the fact that the presence of a photo in the identity card during customs control is not the only identity identifier. For this reason, a decision was made to identify him in several ways: photos and fingerprints. The production of new type international passports in the Russian Federation began back in 2009. It is from that period that the citizens of our country are faced with a choice - which international passport to issue. What does a biometric passport look like and how does it work?In 2019, every citizen of the Russian Federation has every right to issue a new type of international passport. They are also called electronic or biological. The biometric passport has the following appearance: the cover itself is dark red, with an image of the Russian coat of arms in golden tones. On the cover there is the inscription “Passport” in two languages: Russian and English. This type of passport has 46 pages, 44 contains its series and number. A distinctive feature from an old-style international passport is considered to be a photo of the owner, which is applied using a unique laser engraving. In addition to this, on the cover has a unique sign that confirms the presence of a chip. Externally everything else completely identical to the old model. The difference is in the materials and manufacturing methods. The first page of the biometric passport contains chip chip. It does not contain any fundamentally different information from what can be read with the eyes. Initially, it was assumed that data verification in the new passport would be carried out in three areas: retinal photo, fingerprints, distance between the pupils. At first, only the last one was introduced - the distance between the pupils, so the new type of passport does not contain ordinary photographs, but special ones - they are taken at the Federal Migration Service office. From January 1, 2015, the prints of both index fingers are entered into the microchip memory. It is worth noting that the main advantages of the new international passport are:
To pass customs control, it is enough for a customs officer to swipe the card through a special terminal and all personal information about the person will be displayed on his screen. Procedure and methods of obtainingIn 2019, citizens of the Russian Federation have several options for obtaining a new type of international passport. The applicant himself decides which option to use, which allows him to effectively use his personal time, including the financial costs of going through all stages of the application. So, you can do it using:
When choosing a method for obtaining a foreign passport, you should always remember one thing - all documents provided by the applicant are transferred to the government agency for migration issues, since only it is authorized to issue such documents. The process of obtaining a passport is as follows:
The most popular ways to submit documents are to contact the MFC or through the State Services portal (in these cases, you need to spend a minimum amount of time on bureaucratic procedures). Package of documents and application formDepending on the age of the individual applying for a foreign passport, you can answer the question - what documents are needed? If a foreign passport is issued by citizens over 18 years of age, the list of documents is as follows:
If a new type of international passport is issued for a child under the age of 14 years, the package of documents is as follows:
The child must be with his representative, since employees of the authorized body will take fingerprints and photographs. What is the priceFor adult citizens, the cost of obtaining a foreign passport is 5,000 rubles, for children under 14 years old – 2,500 rubles. Children aged 14 to 18 years old pay the state fee like adults. For citizens who live in the Kaliningrad region, the state duty is not taken into account. They issue a passport for free. ValidityNew sample is 10 years. In this case, it is necessary to remember the reasons why it may be declared invalid:
If your passport has been declared invalid, you must resubmit the required list of documents to the authorized body and draw up an application. Biometric or regular?If trips abroad are regular, then, of course, it is better to issue a new type of international passport. If we are talking about a one-time trip or a maximum of once a year, then you can choose an old-style international passport. Moreover, an old-style international passport is issued within 1 month, while the production period for a new one can reach 4 months. According to the current legislation, the maximum production period is set at 1 month, but in case of any doubts the authorized body has, the period can be extended until a full inspection. On average, the production time for a new international passport is 2 months. Video reviewThe citizen who received it talks about the biometric passport.
The standard passport, which served for 5 years, was replaced by a new type of international passport with a validity period of 10 years. For some this is more convenient, for others they cannot understand all the differences. In addition, for now you can choose which option to produce. At first glance, a biometric international passport is similar to an old-style passport, and you can determine what the new document looks like by looking at the pictogram on the front side of the passport. This is the international designation of the microcircuit that is equipped with documents with biometric information. I wonder what a biometric passport looks like. The cover is dark red with the traditional image of the coat of arms and the inscriptions “Passport. Russian Federation", duplicated in English. All pages are perforated. Differences between a biometric passport and a regular oneThe new foreigner compares favorably with its predecessor in almost all respects. It is issued for a period of 10 years and has more pages. The only drawback is the larger state duty, which in 2018 rose to 5 thousand rubles. Previously, it was necessary to pay 2 thousand rubles for production. Parents need to keep in mind that information about children cannot be entered into a passport with biometrics. This is due to the impossibility of identifying two people at once using a biometric chip. If it is important for you that the child is included in your passport to confirm the relationship, then it is better to issue an old-style foreign passport. Thanks to the built-in chip, the new version is reliably protected from counterfeiting. Personal data is stored there: full name, date and country of birth, series and document number. This feature does not yet allow you to order quick production, so you should calculate the time before your trip. The old version is designed almost the same as the new passport looks like. However, the new one does not use the usual photographs taken by a citizen independently. Now they are printed directly in the book, rather than glued. Therefore, the filming process takes place at the Main Directorate for Migration. Where is biometric information contained and why is it needed?On the first page of the biometric passport there is a microchip into which data about the owner and a digital photo are embedded. This is convenient for quickly crossing state borders, because... equipment is installed at border checkpoints that reads data from the chip.
At the same time, personal identification is simplified: the entire procedure is performed automatically, which eliminates the human factor and ensures fast border control. How many pages are there in a new passport?The number of pages is another advantageous aspect that distinguishes a biometric passport. The old version contained only 36 pages, while the new one contained 46. Even for frequent travelers, it is difficult to imagine a situation where the pages in the international passport ran out. Is it possible to make a passport without fingerprints?In 2013, a digital image of fingerprints began to be added to the biometric chip inside the passport. The legislation of the Russian Federation provides for a mandatory fingerprinting procedure, with an exception made for children under 12 years of age. Fingerprints are the most accurate way of identifying a person, increasing the level of global security. Procedure and methods for obtaining a foreign passportModern capabilities and laws significantly simplify the process. There are electronic services and multifunctional centers where you can leave data and, after notification, pick up a completed passport. The document is issued to citizens officially residing in the territory of the Russian Federation.
Where to go to applyThe standard registration method since 2018 is to visit the Main Migration Department of the Ministry of Internal Affairs. The recipient fills out a form and an application for issuance; this can also be done on the official website. After the abolition of the Federal Migration Service in 2018, the Main Directorate for Migration took over the issuance of passports. The government services portal significantly reduces the time spent on registration. All documents can be submitted electronically in your personal account, where you can also track the passport production process. The service provides a 30% discount on state fees. Apply for a passport to the Main Directorate for Migration Affairs of the Ministry of Internal Affairs. You can also leave a statement at the MFC. All application forms can be found on their official website. Reception is carried out on an electronic basis. You can contact any convenient branch, where consultants will advise you on further actions. The fourth option is to contact specialized agencies that provide assistance in obtaining a passport. Representatives will collect and present documents without your participation, then hand over the completed passport. You just have to come to take a digital photo. For adults, the following documents are required:
Package for children under 14 years old:
More detailed information and current application forms are available on the website of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation. In what cases can they refuse to issue a passport?A refusal can be obtained if:
Failures occur when a package of documents is incorrectly prepared. You can clarify its composition by calling the GUVM or MFC. It is worth paying attention to the correct filling out of the application. A sample is provided upon completion. If places of work/study and other unreliable data are indicated incorrectly, or uncertified copies of documents (work book, military ID, etc.) are provided, a refusal will be received. To be sure of a successful outcome of the case, you should contact the PVS at the GUVM, where specialists will help you correctly prepare documents and fill out all the data free of charge. Validity period of a new passportThe validity period of an improved international passport is 10 years, and it begins to be valid from the moment of issue. You can get acquainted with the data for how long the international passport is issued on the first page, where the start and end dates of its validity are indicated. The action may be terminated due to reasons such as:
What to do if the validity period has expiredOnce your passport expires, you will have to go through the full procedure for obtaining it again. There are no benefits for holders of expired passports, so it is better to apply for a new document in advance, so that if you urgently need to travel abroad, you are not left without such an opportunity. There is no penalty for running out of free space for marks. Production times and state fees remain the same. What to do if you run out of pages in your passport, but your visa is valid?Valid visas may remain in such a document, but they cannot be used, because There is nowhere to put the next marks. The right to enter these countries is retained upon replacement. First, you should write an application to the Main Directorate of Migration Affairs with a request to keep your old passport after its cancellation. You will need to take it with you when traveling to a country where you still have a valid visa, and when crossing the border, show both documents to border guards. A new mark is placed at the migration service, or the mark in the previous passport remains valid.
How to transfer a visa to a new passportIn some cases, the consulates of countries meet halfway and transfer the visa stamp to a new passport, while the visa stuck in the expired one is canceled. In this case, visa marks are not transferred. To transfer your visa stamp, you should contact the consulate of the country where you are allowed to enter. You need to have 2 photographs with you and fill out a visa application on the spot. If you do not have a previous passport, you cannot transfer your visa to a new one. Passport validity period for different countriesSome countries have additional requirements for the validity period of a foreign passport. The range of required supply life is from 1 to 10 months. The list of countries where the lead time must be 1 month from the date of return includes:
Countries with a required validity period of 3 months or more:
To visit Turkey you need a passport valid for another 4 months. In the United States, they require a passport to expire at least six months from the date of entry, but, according to the agreement signed between the State Department and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, for Russians the validity period of a passport can be any, and, for example, in Thailand, a period of six months will have to be observed.
Is it possible to get a new passport if the previous one is valid?You can if you contact the migration department with a special application. You will also need to provide evidence that you are a frequent traveler and therefore have no empty pages in your passport, but have valid visas. Previously (until 2015) it was issued for the period of validity of the first one and only upon application from the employer at the place of work (issued only for work). Now this restriction has been lifted, and upon expiration of the first one, the second passport will become the main one, and no proof is required. Can I have multiple passports at the same time?Having two passports is allowed. Both documents have 2 validity periods that are independent of each other. To obtain a standard package of documents is required, but it may vary depending on the situation:
The process of obtaining is no different from obtaining your first passport. Your situation must meet one of the following criteria:
New international passport for a childChildren cannot travel outside the state without their parents or without their written permission to do so. Previously, children under 14 years old were included in their parent’s international passport, and they had the right to cross the border. In the new version, personal documents are issued to both parents and children. There is a choice between new and old designs, just like for adults. The state duty for production is 1,500 rubles. (up to 14 years old) and 3500 rub. (from 14 to 18 years old). A new passport is valid for 10 years, but if there is a significant change in appearance, it must be replaced. Registration can take place without the presence of the child. For a new sample document, presence is required. Even infants need to be present in the department to be photographed, so you can choose the old-style document for them. To obtain a foreign passport, proof of Russian citizenship is required. For children, it is indicated on the birth certificate (there is no such mark in the document of children born before 2002). Parents or guardians of the child can handle the registration. The possibility of acting by proxy is not provided.
Children are allowed to have 2 documents at once only if the first one is old and the second one is new. The parents decide on this, if it is more convenient. Since 2010, the inclusion of children in their parents’ passports serves only to prove kinship. The foreign passport of a citizen of the Russian Federation no longer provides for such registration. Such a travel document is valid for children only if issued earlier than the specified year and does not guarantee passage across the border of the desired state. Otherwise, you should apply for a personal passport. You can submit a request for production on the State Services website, at the MFC “My Documents” and at the State Department of Migration. You can contact any branch in your city. Only the person who submitted the application has the right to receive the completed document. When filling out the application, it is important to study the sample provided. The recipient of the service in this case is not the applicant, but the child. If the application is filled out incorrectly, the application will not be accepted, this will entail an increase in the production time and will disrupt vacation plans, so carefully check the completion of the application. |
Read: |
---|
Popular:
New
- Gothic style in the architecture of the Middle Ages
- All the rarest Pokemon, how and where to find them, how to track them and how to catch them
- Biometric passport: what is it? From what year are biometric passports made?
- Museum of bones - ossuary, Czech Republic, Sedlec
- Why don't plants freeze under the snow?
- Etymology of the names of all European countries
- Diseases of apple trees and their treatment Is it possible to eat apples with warts
- List of the best films about kidnapping
- Exit to the Astral. Traveling outside the body. Robert Monroe "Space Travel" Rosalind McKnight Space Travel read
- Aryan dictionary of terms