A self-tapping screw is a fastener that is used in construction, furniture manufacturing, and repair. This is a universal fastener, as there are self-tapping screws for almost all types of work and any materials.

Technology for the manufacture of screws and self-tapping screws

If it is not difficult to choose the length and diameter of the self-tapping screw (for this you need to know the thickness of the connected elements), then with the material from which the self-tapping screw is made, things are more complicated.

What are they made from?

According to the material of manufacture, self-tapping screws are divided into: Self-tapping screws made of carbon steel;
Self-tapping screws from stainless steel;
Self-tapping screws made of brass.

The harder the material that will be attached, the stronger the self-tapping screw must be. The most durable are self-tapping screws for metal and plastic. For greater strength, they are hardened. To avoid corrosion, self-tapping screws are covered with protective coatings so that the self-tapping screw can work in conditions of high humidity. Self-tapping screws are protected by phosphating or galvanizing.

The materials from which self-tapping screws are made is the most important factor when choosing them for construction or installation work.

The main stages of manufacturing a self-tapping screw Making the base (blanks). The material is cut to the specified length.
Sending blanks to the bunker. Thread cutting, cap making.
Heat treatment (hardening of products) in a special furnace.
Washing, applying a protective layer.

The self-tapping screw is not in vain called in this way. It can cut threads in both soft material and high hardness materials. This ability of the self-tapping screw is manifested because its surface undergoes a special heat treatment. In addition, the self-tapping screws have sharp ends for better penetration into the parts that need to be fastened. To protect against corrosion, they use: mechanical protection, electrochemical protection, coating with a protective oxide layer (phosphating), coating with a protective layer of another metal (nickel plating, galvanizing with various application technologies, brass coating). In the manufacture of a self-tapping screw, strictly defined characteristics of steel and a strictly defined metal hardening technology are required.

We buy self-tapping screws in bulk

There is no doubt that self-tapping screws are much cheaper to buy from a wholesale supplier. Self-tapping screws are offered in bulk by many companies, among them Metizsnab. Be careful with the purchase of fasteners, bulk purchases allow you not to overpay.

How self-tapping screws are made

The name of the self-tapping screw comes from two words - “self” and “cut”.

It is not for nothing that the fastening element, which we will now consider, was given the name of a self-tapping screw. But it is true: when rotating and pressing on it, it cuts itself into a plane and cuts a thread in it. This process occurs due to the incredible density of steel grade ST08KP and ST10KP.

In general, the production of these hardware products takes place in several stages. Let's take a closer look at how self-tapping screws and screws are made.

The first stage is the manufacture of a blank, the so-called blank for a future screw. At this stage, the main constituent elements and parameters of the screw are formed: the head, the tip and the length of the rod. The diameter of the screw depends on the thickness of the wire used.

The second stage is threading the rod. As well as the manufacture of blanks, the threading is carried out by special machines. The blanks are poured into a special container of the machine, with the help of a vibrating conveyor they are fed one by one into the compartment for threading. It is worth noting that the working bodies of the machine feed blanks in one direction relative to the working elements - flat dies. The dies firmly cut into the screw shaft and move perpendicular to the axis. The dimensions of the dies exactly correspond to the thread parameters of the screws.

Thanks to its sharp tip and hard surface, which is processed at high temperatures (hardening), the self-tapping screw is able to drill both soft and hard materials. Moreover, so that the self-tapping rod can be screwed into dense surfaces, its sharp end is made in the form of a drill. The self-tapping screw, during rotation, forms a hole that exactly matches its diameter. It should be noted that the sharp shape of the tip is formed at the initial stage of production, and threading at the next stage.

The most responsible process in the formation of a self-tapping screw is hardening under the influence of high temperatures.

How self-tapping screws are made

The hardening process is influenced by two factors: the quality of the steel and the creation of stable conditions during the process. As we have already said, the production process of self-tapping screws and screws is completely mechanized. High-tech equipment and the latest technologies are used for production. But, even with all of the above, it is not always possible to achieve a quality product at the output.

The final stage is the formation of a surface resistant to corrosion. The most common methods are oxidation, phosphating, galvanizing.

According to the materials http://www.ru.all.biz.

Despite the economic crisis, the construction market is experiencing stable growth. Residents of our country are constantly building and repairing something, so fastening materials are very popular. Aspiring entrepreneurs who want to open the production of self-tapping screws as a business can be sure that such an activity will generate a high income.

Activity registration

To open the production of self-tapping screws in Russia, you must first draw up all the necessary documents. If you are planning to create a large enterprise that will produce a wide range of products in large volumes, you should form an LLC. This will allow you to sell products by bank transfer to legal entities, as well as enter into agreements with suppliers of raw materials.

This type of activity is not licensed, so you do not have to issue any permits. In order for your products to be competitive, it is desirable to be certified. For mini-production of self-tapping screws, it is enough to register as an individual entrepreneur.

Premises and location

You should not rent a building in the city center for a factory for the production of self-tapping screws. After all, these are not buns that passers-by buy. Such products are purchased in tons, so sales volumes do not depend on where your company is located - in the center or on the outskirts. The most important thing is that good access roads lead to it. The buyer will pick up a quality product at an affordable price from anywhere, so when choosing a room, be guided by the cost of rent.

Choose an affordable, comfortable space that meets all your requirements. This may be a former garage for tractors or other special equipment. You will pay about 5 thousand per month for it. Agree that this is ridiculous money for a business, even a small one. Remove all rubbish from there, conduct electricity and you can start choosing a production line.

Equipment

In order for the product to be of high quality, you need to purchase machines for the production of self-tapping screws. Such equipment is offered by different manufacturers. The choice of certain models largely depends on the technology for the production of self-tapping screws that you are going to use in your enterprise.

Scheme: production of self-tapping screws

The technological process includes the following steps:

• Manufacturing of blanks;
• thread cutting;
• In order to expand the range of products in the line for the production of self-tapping screws, units for surface hardening and anti-corrosion treatment should be added.

The basic set of equipment for the production of self-tapping screws consists of the following units:

• Drawing machine;
• Unit for blank molding;
• Thread cutting machine.

If you are going to compete with large industrial enterprises, you should purchase an electroplating line, a spin dryer and a tempering furnace to improve the quality of products.

The cost of equipment fluctuates in a wide price range. It makes no sense to buy an expensive high-performance line until all marketing issues are resolved. If you are on a budget, you can buy used equipment.

You will have to spend a lot of money on equipping the enterprise, since all the machines are quite expensive. High-performance equipment pays for itself much faster. This should be taken into account when developing a business plan.

Technological process

The production process consists of the following steps:

• Cutting wire to size;
• Threading and cap shaping;
• hardening process;
• Washing;
• Anti-corrosion treatment.

As a raw material for the manufacture of self-tapping screws, a low-carbon wire that has undergone heat treatment is used. If you are interested in the production of self-tapping screws, a video on this topic can be found in this article.

Staff

Since the production line operates in automatic mode, it does not require many workers to maintain it. Operators look after pre-configured equipment, supply consumables and remove finished products. When compiling a business plan for the production of self-tapping screws, at the first stage, two workers can be provided. In addition to a salary of 15–20 thousand rubles, one should take into account the costs of their training. You also need to hire an accountant. The salary of such a specialist is in the range of 25-30 thousand rubles.

Business plan

To be profitable, you should not miss the following important points:

• Purchase of equipment;
• Choice of premises;
• Purchase of raw materials;
• Choice of assortment;
• Hiring employees;
• Search for sales markets.

Before starting work, prepare all the necessary documents.

Income and expenses

• Room rental - 5 thousand rubles;
• Salary - 40 thousand rubles;
• Raw materials - 15 thousand rubles;
• Electricity bills - 10 thousand rubles.

Raw material

With the purchase of raw materials, as a rule, there are no problems. Suppliers offer blanks or wire in reels at affordable prices. As a rule, they deliver raw materials directly to the enterprise, so you can save on transport costs. The choice of raw materials largely depends on the technology and equipment.

To reduce the cost of products, you can purchase raw materials directly from manufacturers at low wholesale prices. Steel or brass wire costs about 12.5 thousand rubles per 1 ton. 500 thousand self-tapping screws will be obtained from one reel.

Range

In order for your business to generate high income, you need to constantly expand the range of products. It will not be possible to achieve a great variety, since self-tapping screws can differ only in the type of head, length and thread.

Produce different models of fasteners in small quantities. Over time, you will be able to decide which screws are in demand in your area.

Production of self-tapping screws Production of self-tapping screws

Sales of products

To get a stable monthly income, you need to find potential buyers. The implementation of fasteners must be continuous. To achieve this, you need to produce a wide range of products. This may be the production of roofing screws, nails, anchors, and so on. Focus on the most popular types of products. In the future, your business can be adjusted depending on the season.

The best option is a contract for the supply of products with. For large-scale construction, large volumes of such products are purchased. Sometimes one object overlaps the monthly productivity of the enterprise. Also, take a look at . For example, a small furniture workshop consumes several tens of thousands of self-tapping screws per month.

First of all, try to establish contacts with building supermarkets, which will gladly expand their range. In any city there are markets or where you should start. To conclude contracts for large deliveries, you will have to work hard. To attract customers, you will have to slightly reduce the prices of products.

Conclusion

Now you know how self-tapping screws are made and make money from it. This is a simple, promising and quite profitable business. Since all equipment is automated, the main problems may arise only with the sale of products. But they are easily solved in the process of work. Read about others on our website.

When we talk about a screw, does everyone know what it is? The word screw comes from the German Schraube. In fact, it is a screw that can easily be screwed into any soft material, forming a thread there “on its own”. A typical material of this kind is wood.

How can a screw penetrate soft materials? First of all, due to the thread, which covers a significant part of the screw shaft. This thread is different from the threads found on screws and bolts. It is not surprising, because the latter are not screwed into wood, but into metal. The thread applied to the screw is slightly higher. It has a significant cutting pitch and is applied to the threaded section of the screw in the form of a conical shape, which tapers towards the end of the screw. By the way, a screw thread can be cut both along its entire length, and only along its part.

Since the sizes of the screws are quite diverse, the natural question arises on what it depends. Screw sizes are closely related to their purpose. So for attaching nameplates to finished products, a very small screw, popularly called a “bug”, is widely used. Its dimensions: diameter - 4 mm., Length - 8 mm. Another screw, called a travel screw, is 170 mm long and 24 mm in diameter. And this is understandable, since with the help of it a railway rail is attached to the sleepers. The heads of such screws also have a different shape, determined by the installation conditions themselves, the appearance of the product and the requirements that apply to the structure being mounted.

Head shapes are shown in fig. 1.

About types of heads and slots of screws

Among the types of heads we single out: countersunk, countersunk double, countersunk truncated, countersunk horn, half round head, half round head with press washer, narrow cylindrical head, trapezoidal head hex head, hex head with press washer.

The secret head is sunk in the material of the fixed element. At the same time, the surface of the material was and remains flat. The countersunk double head is a reinforced type of countersunk head. It is able to withstand significant loads, even with the impact method of installation in solid materials.

Hidden truncated head makes it possible to press the fastened element to the base material with high efficiency. This is achieved due to the fact that the length of the thread of the fastener is increased, a lower platform is formed on the head, which is perpendicular to the pull-out load.

Countersunk horn head is remarkable in that it very effectively provides high-quality drywall pressing to the base material. It is the specially convex shape of the head, which has the form of a “horn”, that provides optimal perception of the pull-out load. The semi-circular head, due to the wide bearing surface, effectively holds the element to be fixed. The use of such a head is justified when there is no special need to keep the surface of the element to be fixed even.

Another type of head - with a press washer is an increased bearing surface of the head and a reduced height. A head of this type, due to the extended bearing surface, is perfect for securely fastening sheet materials.

Narrow cylindrical head provides an important in some cases, the minimum bearing surface. During installation, this ensures its complete drowning in the fixed element. It is widely used in fasteners that are fixed, both in the base material and in the fastened element, with the help of a thread that performs the main function of fastening. The trapezoidal head has an increased bearing surface, and locking notches are located on its inner side.

One of the most famous and oldest types of fastener heads is hex head. It is, as a rule, standardized for the available key sizes, and in order to mount it using a power tool, special hexagonal nozzles are used.

The functions of the hex head with press washer are the same as those of the simple hex head, but its bearing surface is still larger.

In order to mount the screw with tools, using a screwdriver or a hexagon, slots are preliminarily formed in the screw head, which can be: straight, cross-shaped, combined, in the form of a six-pointed star, in the form of a hexagon or in the form of an internal hexagon.

Traditionally, for the manufacture of screws, such material as steel ST 08 KP or ST 10 KP is used.

Screw technology

At the first stage of the manufacturing process, a blank or base for the screw is formed. At the same time, a device similar to a nail machine is used everywhere. Thanks to this device, the head of the screw is formed, its tip length. The diameter of the future screw is determined by the wire used.

At the second stage of manufacturing a screw, threading is performed on its shaft. And that process is carried out with the help of special machines. At the same time, the blanks of future screws are poured into the bunker, where, thanks to the vibration conveyor and the anchor mechanism, they arrive one by one in the area where the thread is cut. Screw blanks, at the same time, are strictly oriented in relation to the working elements, i.e. to flat dies, moved towards and parallel to each other, and perpendicular to the axis of the screw, which are tightly pressed against the screw shaft. Dies, at the same time, depending on where they are made, are produced based on the main parameters of the thread.

This scheme allows the production of screws with a diameter of 10-12 mm, but screws with large diameters are usually made using the hot stamping method. An example of such a product is a travel screw, the dimensions of which we talked about a little higher.

Self-tapping technology

As you know, a self-tapping screw has such a name because it is able to cut threads anywhere, both in wood, plastic, and in metal and concrete, etc. This is due to the fact that its surface has a powerful strength obtained by heat treatment, i.e. hardening. The end of the self-tapping screw is often performed in the form of a drill. Thus, its optimal screwing into the fastened structures is achieved, as well as drilling a hole of the required diameter.

At the first stage manufacturing, even in the process of forming the blank, the formation of the drill is ensured.

At the second stage, similarly to the thread formed on the screw, the thread of the self-tapping screw is formed.

At the third stage the finished self-tapping screw is subjected to surface hardening. This is perhaps the most important stage in the manufacture of a self-tapping screw, since it is important to strictly adhere to all technological methods to ensure that the necessary technical parameters are obtained.

At the fourth, final stage, self-tapping screws are protected from possible corrosion using methods such as phosphating, oxidation, galvanizing with yellow or white zinc.

A self-tapping screw is a product designed for fastening wooden and metal parts. The line for the production of self-tapping screws produces a product with a thread of a special triangular shape, which itself forms a hole. If such fasteners are used, then the need for additional tools is eliminated. By purchasing lines for the production of self-tapping screws and opening an enterprise, you can get a promising and stable business.

Business

In the Russian Federation, these products are manufactured not only for personal needs, but are imported to other countries. However, domestic demand is only 70% satisfied. Mechanical engineering in this area will continue to develop. A self-tapping screw is a universal fastener that has a fairly stable demand.

Experts characterize this business as profitable at the level of 55%. To start it, you need a line for the production of self-tapping screws, the price of which is about 650 thousand rubles. The power of equipment in this price range is enough to produce two million items per month.

The margin can be as high as 95%, because the annual turnover of a small plant, as a rule, is about 5 million rubles.

Production technology

As raw materials, stainless or carbon steel, as well as brass, are usually used. As a rule, this raw material is represented by a special cut round timber or a wire coil. It is easy to find suppliers of these materials. In Russia, a sufficient amount of rolled metal is produced. Therefore, it is possible to choose a plant that is territorially located closer to the workshop.

To understand what kind of lines for the production of self-tapping screws you need to purchase, you need to consider the process of manufacturing this product in stages. This technology is called cold stamping.

As practice shows, there are a lot of techniques for production. Buying one installation for the manufacture of self-tapping screws is unrealistic. This is a whole big technological line. To date, almost all processes in the lines are automated. Management of such equipment, possibly by one operator.

Equipment

The Taiwan self-tapping screw production line, whose price depends on the production speed of products, makes it possible to produce 55 self-tapping screws per minute. The most expensive machine can produce 255 finished self-tapping screws per minute. The cost of the line is approximately 2,000 US dollars.

Also, the price of the line depends on the assortment produced on it. The range is determined by the length of the workpiece and the thread pitch. The more customization options a technique allows, the more expensive it is, respectively. There is equipment that, after reinstalling the settings, allows you to make a screw, screw and dowel. If in the future manufacturers plan to increase production and the list of finished products, then it is necessary to purchase modifications. For the future, it is best to buy new equipment. Used equipment can fail.

Top four brands of self-tapping screw production line:

The price of YH2076 FOB is 23,000 USD, Z12-5 Сandid is 14,00 USD. In a minute, these two brands are able to produce 125-165 pieces of products, respectively.

The quality of the product complies with Russian standards. You can buy a line for the production of self-tapping screws in Taiwanese representative offices, while recouping the investment in a relatively short time. Of course, this will be possible, in conditions of full sales of manufactured products.

There are also European brands of this equipment. But their price is 3-4 times higher than their Taiwanese counterparts. You can also pay attention to Chinese equipment. Their performance and quality, as well as other special features, are not compromised by Taiwanese brands. The cost of Chinese equipment is about the same. As one of the options, you can consider Ukrainian-made equipment. Cold heading equipment ABO 215 is capable of producing 165 products in one minute. The price of this equipment is about 16,000 US dollars. The quality is no worse than Chinese and Taiwanese equipment.

Video: Thread rolling machine

self-tapping screw- a type of fastener that allows, when connecting different parts, to cut a thread in one of them. It is very convenient when working with wooden, polymeric and metal materials due to skipping the intermediate operation - drilling holes for the connecting element.

They have found the widest application in the construction industry; used in the manufacture of household appliances; used in mechanical engineering.

Opening a business for the production of self-tapping screws, today, is quite profitable.

To do this, you need to go through several stages:

• get acquainted with the technology of production of self-tapping screws;
• study machines and production lines;
• draw up a business plan.

Self-tapping technology

The technological chain for the production of self-tapping screws consists of several key segments:

1. The raw material, as a rule, a wire of a certain diameter, enters the automatic machine, where an intermediate semi-finished product is formed: cutting to the required length occurs; further, by means of a cold heading process, the head of the future self-tapping screw is pressed.
2. On the conveyor, the workpieces enter the machine, where the vibration grippers are directed to the formation of threads in the next machine.
3. Almost finished self-tapping screw undergoes heat treatment followed by washing.
4. The next stage is chemical treatment, for the purpose of applying anti-corrosion coatings.
5. The last treatment is drying.
6. The technological chain ends quality control and packaging.

From the description of the production technology, it becomes clear that several different stages are required for the production of products, respectively, various machines and equipment.

Machine tools and equipment for self-tapping products

In essence, the production of self-tapping screws is carried out on a small production line. It consists of:

1. Cold heading equipment. Conventionally, it is divided into two groups: with a semi-protective casing and a protective casing. They differ in productivity, control system, automation, manufactured assortment. The simplest models are focused on the production of one type of product.
   More expensive machines allow you to expand the range to the production of screws, screws and other types of hardware. The productivity of machines, on average, is in the range of 40 ... 250 pieces / min. Naturally, prices between simple models and high-performance ones differ several times. Separate models can additionally form a drill on the nose of the self-tapping screw.
2. thread rolling machine. Provides thread rolling by means of a flat interchangeable die. It has the ability, depending on the model, to vary the thread pitch.
3. Thermal hardening furnace. Gives the self-tapping screw a surface strength on the Brinell scale of at least 55 units. The process of heating to a temperature of about 1000 degrees Celsius lasts about one minute, followed by cooling (tempering) in a special quenching medium.
4. Galvanic line. Designed to form an anti-corrosion coating on the surface of the self-tapping screw. This can be oxidation, phosphating and zinc coating. It consists of several baths where electrochemical coating reactions are carried out.
5. Centrifuge. Carries out hot air drying of finished self-tapping screws after washing from the remnants of chemical solutions in the electroplating process.

Buying one item from the entire production line makes sense if it is a replacement for a completely failed equipment or in order to replace it with a more advanced device.

To start a full cycle for the production of self-tapping screws, economic calculations should be made for the entire technological chain.

There are several manufacturers from Europe, China and Taiwan on the market. When compared by technical parameters, the most cost-effective would be the acquisition of a production line in Taiwan. You can combine and make a line of machines from different manufacturers.

For example, it is possible to integrate a cold heading machine made in Ukraine (Odessa) into the process of equipment installation. The rest of the machines are made in Taiwan or China.

Before starting any business, it is necessary to work out the economic component of the production process. A preliminary analysis of the possible profitability or unprofitability of the project is described in the business plan.

Business plan for the analysis of the production of self-tapping screws

In this theoretical project, an analysis of all operations is carried out, from the supply of raw materials, the purchase of equipment for production, and ending with the sale of products.

The main components of a business plan

The very first step what needs to be done is to conduct a market research on the demand for the products that are supposed to be produced. This is revealed by an analysis of the needs of retail chains, markets and production: construction organizations, mechanical engineering and furniture enterprises. The data is recorded, they will be needed for further calculations of the profitability of production.

Advice: studying the market of self-tapping screws, it is useful to determine how much is represented by domestic products, what is accounted for by imported goods.

Second step- to identify the most requested positions. This will determine where to start the production process: to purchase machines with a narrow specialization in assortment filling or to install a full-fledged production line.

It may turn out that at first it is more profitable to put production on a small assortment. With development, gradually improve and increase the production capacity by acquiring more advanced machine tools.

Example:

1. when installing drywall on a metal profile, the most used is a sharp oxidized metal self-tapping screw 25 mm long;
2. for fastening plywood, sharp oxidized self-tapping screws 45 ... 55 mm long are most used.

next step – selection of a place for future production.

There are a number of requirements for the location of the future mini-workshop:

• access roads, minimum - gravel road;
• providing power grid, - power consumption of the production line can reach several tens of kilowatts;
• sewerage and water supply systems must be connected to the site;
• on the total area of ​​​​the territory it is necessary to place a production line with easy access to all machines; travel routes should ensure free delivery and return transportation, respectively, of raw materials and finished products.

From the foregoing, it follows that the optimal solution is to rent space in idle production workshops and workshops.

Preliminary data on rent and costs for energy, water, heat supply must also be entered on paper.

Choice of manufactured product range.

The produced nomenclature affects the rate of return of the project:

• the wider the range of hardware products is presented, the more potential consumers of industrial products will be, and, accordingly, the turnover of capital will accelerate;
• a wider product range, automatically implies the availability of productive machines, but with higher costs for their acquisition.

Note: the size of the range of future products and, consequently, the required production line, are interconnected with the demand for hardware.

1. An important but necessary part of the cost is staff salaries. In production, as a rule, a piece-bonus system of material remuneration is adopted, in other words: “we did more - we got more”.

Tip #1: at the stage of increasing production, for the first six months it is better to use a fixed tariff scale, with a gradual transition to more progressive payment methods.

Tip #2: It is not advisable to save on the qualifications of workers. Due to their experience, a professional master will be able to complete the work faster and with better quality.

Economic calculations for raw materials

The cost of the raw material is an important component in the final price of a self-tapping screw. But cheap is not always good.

1. First: the price of raw materials must take into account the transportation costs for delivery to the place of production.
2. Secondly, solid, high-quality metal cannot differ much from the average market price.

If so, then the metal either does not meet the requirements of GOST, or the question arises about the origin of the product.

Note: with far-reaching plans, it is better to focus on reliable and reputable suppliers who can ensure the rhythm of deliveries, and, with further successful work, will be able to provide various deferrals for paying for initial products.

In a separate paragraph, it is necessary to consider the issue sales of products. Without the establishment of sustainable sales, the idea of ​​organizing the production of self-tapping screws is doomed to failure.

Potential consumers of hardware products:

• construction organizations, including small finishing teams;
• enterprises producing household appliances;
• furniture workshops, up to private small workshops;
• manufacturing enterprises associated with the production of building and finishing materials;
• markets with a building assortment;
• trade organizations, both large (wholesale) and small shops.

The most likely and convenient cooperation will be large and medium-sized construction, industrial and furniture organizations, as well as wholesale trade enterprises and large construction stores.

Benefits of working with them:

• work is carried out under long-term contracts;
• the opportunity to receive prepayment for the release of future products;
• permanent source of sales;

Work with small enterprises, at the stage of production, should be based only on the principle of prepayment.

Implementation and deferred payment is unprofitable for several reasons: small organizations will not bring much revenue, but in case of delays in payments, a significant amount of time will be spent on obtaining debts than on engaging in their main production.

Basic costs, one-time and current

For interim calculations and the final preparation of a business plan, the following expenses are taken into account in the financial analysis:

• the cost of the main and auxiliary equipment, including delivery, installation and connection;
• rent of premises for each month;
• the cost of electricity, water supply for one calendar month;
• employee salaries;
• overhead costs for chemicals, lubricants;
• tax deductions;
• monthly cost of raw materials;
• registration with all fiscal authorities to start activities;
• payment of bank interest;
• overhead costs (range 5…25% of monthly operating costs).

By reducing all these numbers to the given monthly costs, you can estimate the approximate weighted average volume of output.

For such calculations, it is necessary to focus on 25 ... 100 types of product range and the selling price, lower by 10 ... 15% of the estimated one - by prior agreement with customers.

The data obtained is the minimum profitability of production. It will grow as sales increase, respectively - production growth and production cost reduction.

Specific figures for costs are not deliberately given - each region has its own starting opportunities for organizing a business.

With a thoughtful approach, a thorough analysis of the market, a good organization of production, the payback period will be, today, from 1 to 3 years.