Task No. 5 in the Unified State Examination in the Russian language presupposes knowledge of lexical norms (the use of words in
in accordance with the exact lexical meaning and the requirement of lexical compatibility). To complete this task correctly, you need to find the incorrectly used word and choose the correct paronym for it. To make it easier to prepare for this task, the demo version is accompanied by Dictionary of paronyms, which includes the following strings of words: 1) Subscription – subscriber
2) Artistic - artistic
3) Poor - disastrous
4) Unresponsive – irresponsible
5) Swampy - swampy
6) Grateful – grateful
7) Charitable – beneficial
8) Former – former
9) Inhale - sigh
10) Age-old – eternal
11) Great – majestic
12) Replenish – replenish – fill – fill – overfill – replenish
13) Hostile - enemy
14) Choosing – choosing
15) Benefit – profitability
16) Issue – release – transfer – distribution
17) Payment - payment - payment - payment
18) Pay - pay - pay - repay - pay
19) Grow – grow – grow
20) Growing - growing - growing
21) High - high-rise
22) Guaranteed – guaranteed
23) Harmonic – harmonious
24) Clay - clay
25) Annual – annual – annual
26) Pride - pride
27) Humanism - humanity
28) Humanistic – humanitarian – humane
29) Binary – double – dual – double – doubled – doubled
30) Effective – valid – effective
31) Busy – businesslike – efficient – efficient
32) Democratic – democratic
33) Dictation - dictate
34) Diplomat - diplomat
35) Diplomatic – diplomatic
36) Long – long
37) Kind - kind
38) Confidential – trusting
39) Rainy – rainy
40) Dramatic – dramatic
41) Friendly – friendly – friendly
42) Single - the only one
43) Desired – desirable
44) Cruel – tough
45) Life - worldly
46) Housing - residential
47) Fence off - fence off - fence off - fence off - partition off
48) Lower – lower – lower
49) Pay – pay
50) Fill – fill – overflow (Filled – filled – overflowed)
51) Initiator - instigator
52) Bestial – brutal
53) Sound - sonorous
54) Visual – spectator
55) Inventive - inventive
56) Informative – informational
57) Information - awareness
58) Ironic – ironic
59) Skillful – artificial
60) Executive – performing
61) Outgoing – outgoing
62) Rocky – stone
63) Comfortable – comfortable
64) Equestrian - horse
65) Chunky – root – root
66) Bone - bone
67) Colorful – dyeing – dyed
68) Lacquered - varnished
69) Ice – icy
70) Wooded – forest
71) Personal – personal
72) Microscopic – microscopic
73) Ice cream – freezing – frosty
74) Put on – put on
75) Availability - cash
76) Reminder - mention
77) Ignorant – ignorant
78) Intolerable – impatient – intolerant
79) Unlucky – unlucky
80) Accused – accusatory
81) Snippet – excerpt
82) Embrace – embrace
83) Limit - limit - limit
84) Call - response
85) Organic – organic
86) Selective – qualifying
87) Deviation - evasion
88) Deviate – evade
89) Distinguish - distinguish
90) Difference – difference
91) Memorable – memorable
92) Endure – endure
93) Buying – buying – buying
94) Populist – popular
95) Honorable – respectful – honorable
96) Practical – practical
97) Provide – present
98) Representative – representative
99) Recognized – grateful
100) Productive – grocery
101) Productive - production
102) Enlightenment – enlightened
103) Journalistic – journalistic
104) Shy - scared
105) Irritation - irritability
106) Rhythmic – rhythmic
107) Romantic – romantic
108) Secretive – hidden
109) Vocabulary – verbal
110) Resistance - resistance
111) Neighbor – neighbor
112) Comparable – comparative
113) Stage – stage
114) Technical – technical
115) Lucky – lucky
116) Humiliated – humiliating
117) Actual – factual
118) Predatory – predatory
119) Royal – royal – reigning
120) Whole – whole – whole
121) Economical – economical – economical
122) Aesthetic – aesthetic
123) Ethical – ethical
124) Effective – spectacular
125) Efficiency – spectacularity However, graduates are expected to look up the meanings of unclear words themselves. To simplify your task, we have prepared Collection of paronyms, which explains the meaning of each word in detail and gives different examples. xn--80aff1fya.xn--p1ai Dictionary of USE paronyms 2016 with explanationDictionary of paronyms Unified State Exam. Russian language. 2016 * Example
Subscription(ticket)
– subscriber(user)
Artistic(from the artist, for him)
– artistic(expressive / like an artist
)
Poor(little funds)
– disastrous(suffers losses, many trials)
Meek(timid, defenseless)–
irresponsible(unscrupulous)
Marshy(with swamps)
– swamp(in, on the swamp / from the swamp)
Grateful(feels grateful
) – grateful(contains thanks)
Charitable(selfless help)
–
beneficial(good influence)
Former(what happened)
– former(past, gone)
Inhale(filling the lungs with air
)
– sigh(*sadness, relief, etc.)
Century-old(old, ancient)
– eternal(constant, unchanging)
Great (big,important, significant
)
– majestic(with dignity, proud)
Replenish(lack of something)
– add(add to what was said
)
– fill(room)
– fill(capacity)
– overfill(excessive
)
–replenish(add to existing one)
Hostile(imbued with enmity
)
– hostile(from the enemy)
Choosing(for some reason / find time
) – electing(choose by vote to perform duties
)
Benefit(calculation)
– profitability(what makes it profitable)
Issue(issue)
– recoil(result/efficiency)
– transmission (on TV / to the hospital / to convey something) – distribution(everyone:* leaflets, booklets, advertising
)
Payout (issuing /what?) –
payment (what?
) – payment (for what?) – payment Pay - pay(for what?)
– pay(What?)
- repay(take revenge
) – pay(finish payment
)
Grow (from small-big* about a child)
– increase(artificially)
– grow(naturally
)
Growing - growing - growing (see above) High(about height/, about position in society
) – high-rise(about the building)
Warranty(about warranty *coupon, repair
) – guaranteed(promised)
Harmonic (refers to harmony: *tuning, row
)
– harmonious(coordinated, harmonious)
Clayey(with clay
) – clay(made of clay)
Annual(cycles)–
yearling(about a cub/baby)
– annual(about the year)
Pride (dignity
) – pride (arrogance
)
Humanism(philosophical concept
)
– humanity(kindness, philanthropy
)
Humanistic(philosophical concept
)– humanitarian(university, science
)– humane(Kind)
Binary (of two digits)
– double (2 parts
)
– dual(contradictory)
– twofold(possible in 2 forms
)
– double (out of two - one
)
–double(multiply on 2
)
Effective(effective
)
– valid(real, real
)
– current(who/what is acting)
Busy (a little ostentatious
)
– business(for business/about business)
– efficient (explanatory
)
– practical (pragmatic)
Democratic(simple, close to the people
)
– democratic(about democracy * party)
Dictation - dictate (violence, moral pressure) Diploma holder(awarded a diploma
competition
)
– diplomat(in international service
)
Diplomatic (at the diplomat's)
– diplomatic(polite, tactful)
Long(about length
) – long(about the time
)
Solid (well made
)- Kind(with kindness
)
Trustee(sincere
)– trusting(easy to believe, naive)
Rain(about rain/for rain)
– rainy(with rain)
Dramatic(about drama*theatre, actor
)
– dramatic(tense, with deep emotions * moment, incident)
Friendly (at a friend's
) – friendly – friendly(connected by friendship)
Unit(rarely found
)- the only one(there is no such thing anymore)
Desired(beloved, what one strives for)
– desirable (preferred)
Cruel (bloodthirsty, from “cruelty”)
– hard (from “hardness”, hard to the touch)
Life (about life)
- everyday (household * problems)
Housing(*about housing: issue, reform, conditions, construction)
– residential(intended for housing * array, room
)
Block(cover with a fence)
– fence(surround with a fence)
– fence(save *
from harmful influence)
– fence off (some part)
– block(put up a partition/close the passage *road)
Understate(underestimate)
– lower(make it lower *level
– reduce(reduce:*prices, speed
)
Pay(for what?* for travel
)– pay(what? travel)
Fill(room
)
– fill(capacity
)
– overflow(beyond measure)
Filled - filled - overflowing Starter(positive * Sciences
) – instigator (neg.* fights
)
Animal(at the beast)
- brutal(cruel)
Sound (about sound *vibrations
) – sonorous(ringing * voice)
Visual(about vision, for spectators *hall)
– spectator (viewer * prize, sympathy)
Inventive(invented by *swindler
)
– inventive(inventor* has certificate, gift)
Informative (contains a lot of information
)
– informational(transmits information *source, technology
)
– information(intelligence
)
–awareness(possession of information
)
Ironic (about irony as a technique
) – ironic(mocking)
Skillful(masterfully done)
- artificial(unnatural)
Executive(conscientious
) – performing(from the performer
)
Original(initial)
– outgoing(comes from something
)
Rocky(with rocks
) – stone(made of stone)
Comfortable(full of comfort products)
– comfortable(comfortable
)
Equestrian(associated with a horse)
– horse(at the horse, his part
)
Stocky(squat, strong
)
– root(main
)
– root(at the roots)
Bone(in dice
) – bone (made of bone
)
Colorful(bright)
– coloring(paints
) – painted (painted)
Lacquered (varnished
)
– varnish(from varnish, for varnish: * workshop, production, oils, paints)
Ice(happens in the ice, with ice *sports palace
)
– icy (made of ice/cold)
Wooded (with scaffolding)
– forest(about the forest/in the forest
)
Personal(about personality *growth, upbringing)
– personal(own)
Microscopic(using a microscope, visible only through a microscope*analysis)
– microscopic (very small *worm
)
Frozen(frozen)
– freezer (for freezing)
– frosty(with frost, cold)
put on (what's *hat/suit on?
)
– dress(whatever* baby, old man)
Availability (there is, exists
) – cash(money)
Reminder (in order to remind *about responsibilities
)
– mention (mention in passing in conversation:* about Moscow)
Ignorant (rude, insolent
)
– ignoramus(not knowing: *in art, in physics
)
Intolerable (cannot be tolerated: *about pain, about wind)
– impatient(doesn't know how to endure, is in a hurry)
– intolerant(against something/does not want to put up with something* to rudeness)
Failed (poorly made, composed
)
– unfortunate(often unlucky)
Accused (he was accused
) – accusatory(contains an accusation)
Snippet (piece, clump
)– excerpt(Part
)
Grasp(with hands)–
cover(glance, conversation)
Restrict (set boundaries)
– delimit(separate part from the whole
)
– delimit(separate, separate from each other
)
Hail (call out, call someone
) – response(review, incl. when called
)
Organic(refers to flora and fauna)
– organic(naturally arising from something)
Selective(best quality * grain)
– qualifying (when they select *tour, competition)
Deviation (to the side
) – evasion(in order to dodge
)
deviate - evade Distinguish (something from something)
– distinguish)(sense organs difference/dissimilarity * in the dark (i.e. vision) * by smell (i.e. smell)
Difference (dissimilarity characteristic
) – difference Memoryful (he has a good memory
)
– memorable(for memory/remembers for a long time)
Endure (wait, survive)
- endure(change)
Purchasing (purchasing power
)
– consumer (buyer *demand)
– purchased (got it for money)
Populist(from the philosophical concept of “populism”)
– popular (famous)
Venerable (about the elderly: respected, honored
)
– respectful (good)
– honorary (honored)
Practical(about practice
) – practical(economical)
Provide(give the right to use)
– introduce (introduce, show)
– representative (at the representative *car)
Recognized(assessed, recognized)
– grateful(feels grateful)
Productive (effective)
– grocery (with products)
Productive (productive *work)
– production (in production *position)
– performance (productivity indicator *labor)
Educational (enlightens)
– enlightened(educated)
Journalistic(
related to journalism, to a publicist: *publicistic talent
)
– journalistic(touching on topical socio-political issues*journalistic topic)
Shy (easy to scare
) – frightened (they scared him
)
Irritation (human/skin condition
)
– irritability(property, ability to irritate)
Rhythmic (has to do with rhythm
) – rhythmic (repeating at regular intervals
)
Romantic (relates to romanticism as a literary movement
) – romantic(dreamy/mysterious)
Secretive (taciturn, hides everything
) – hidden (hidden)
Dictionary (from “dictionary”: *stock)
– verbal (from “word”: *way of expression
)
Resistance (fight: *enemy
)
– resistance (ability to resist: *the body's disease
)
Neighboring (nearby, next door
)
– neighboring(at a neighbor's)
Comparable (can be compared
)
– comparative(compares *analysis /relative* relatively healthy)
Stage (theater related
)
– scenic (suitable for stage)
Technical(with the help/use of technology)
– technical(masterfully executed
)
Lucky(lucky
) – successful(good)
Humiliated(he was humiliated)
– humiliating (he/it humiliates:*position
)
Actual(is a fact)
– actual (meets authenticity requirements)
Predatory (like a predator
)– predatory(eats animals
)
Tsarsky (at the king's)
– regal (majestic, proud
)
– reigning (reigns, on the throne
)
Whole (without blemish, complete
)
– solid (one piece, monolithic
)
– integral (represents unity)
Economic(about economics
)
– economical (serves to save
)
– economical (thrifty, thrifty
)
Aesthetic (has to do with aesthetics
)
– aesthetic (beautiful, graceful)
Ethical (relates to ethics
)
– ethical (tactful, cultured
)
Effective(effective
)
– spectacular (produces an effect, impresses
)
Efficiency - effectiveness multiurok.ru Lexical norms (word use), paronymsLexical norms (use of words). This task tests your ability to distinguish between paronyms. Paronyms- words that are similar in sound and spelling, but different in meaning. Lexical norms The Russian language refers to the rules for using words and phrases in strict accordance with their meanings. Violation of lexical norms leads to the fact that statements become ambiguous, as well as to serious speech errors. Compliance with the lexical norms of the Russian language presupposes the ability to choose the right word from a number of similar or identical in content, i.e., synonymous words, as well as the ability to distinguish between paronymous words. Paronyms are: prefixes; suffixal; distinguished by final letters. Prefix paronyms. In task A2 they occur quite rarely, so they are not so difficult to remember. Distinguish! | U pay - Give, contribute (money) in compensation for something (most often we are talking about a large sum of money) | ABOUT pay - pay for something |
| ABOUT kid someone | On put it on yourself |
| Prev put - Present, communicate something to someone. To introduce someone, to give them the opportunity to get acquainted with something. Having found something worthy, to petition for something | Predo put - To put something at the disposal of someone, for the use of someone. To give someone the opportunity to say, do something, or dispose of something. |
| IN shake off - Lift it up and shake it with force. | Shake off - Shake, throw off, throw off. |
| By verification - Verification exactly. Roll call to check the available composition of people (special). | About verification - Establishing the correctness of something, the correspondence of something to something. |
| About judge - To analyze, think about, thoroughly consider, expressing your thoughts about something or someone. | ABOUT judge - Express disapproval of someone, recognize something as bad. To sentence someone to some kind of punishment, to pronounce a guilty verdict, to accuse. |
| Intolerant - someone who cannot be tolerated, unacceptable. Not taking into account other people's opinions, devoid of tolerance. | Not With tolerant - Exceeding patience, difficult to bear. |
| ABOUT piska - An error in the spelling of something. by absent-mindedness. | From squeak - A formal answer that does not affect the essence of the matter. |
Suffix paronyms. Rule. Most paronyms are associated with the difference between the same root adjective and participle. Remember! Suffixes –USH-/-YUSH-, -ASH-/-YUSH- refer to participle suffixes and indicate the producer of the action. COLORFUL. Features bright colors. DYING. Serving for coloring something, containing paint (special). Differing in ending letters. Distinguish! https://5-ege.ru/leksicheskie-normy-paronimy/ | Base- Foundation, basis. support for something; strong point. Warehouse, storage or supply point. | Basis– A set of historically determined production relations that form the economic structure of society and determine the nature of the superstructure. |
| Subscriber– The owner of the subscription (person or institution). | Subscription– The right to use something for a certain period, as well as a document certifying this right. |
| Ignorant- Rude, ill-mannered, impolite person. | Ignorant– Poorly educated person, ignorant; a person ignorant of any field of knowledge, layman. |
| Destination– The person to whom the postal item is addressed (person or institution). | Addressee– The one who sends the postal or telegraphic item (person or institution) |
| Diplomat– An official engaged in diplomatic activities and work in the field of foreign relations. | Diploma holder– A person awarded a diploma for successful performance at a competition, festival, etc. A student preparing a final or diploma thesis. |
Remember! This chapter does not present all the examples that are possible in task A2. More often than not, you will have to look in a dictionary to determine the meaning of words. Algorithm of actions. 1. Determine what part of speech the paronymous words are. 2. Read the sentences carefully. Maybe you will find something in common in the words that are combined with paronyms. 3. Think about what word they can be formed from. Perhaps the difference lies in the fundamentals! 4. Look at what part of the word the words differ in: prefix, suffix, etc. 5. If possible, remember the differences in meaning. Remember! If you suddenly come across words like subscriber – subscription, this algorithm will not work. Analysis of the task. In which sentence should the word HOSTILE be used instead of the word HOSTILE? 1) Animals and plants sometimes act as HOSTILE forces in fairy tales. 2) He found himself in a world HOSTILE to him. 3) The tank division managed to break the HOSTILE enemy defenses. 4) They were not prepared for such a HOSTILE reception from the local residents. Hostile And hostile belong to paronyms - adjectives. Let's try to figure out what word(s) they are formed from. Hostile – enmity(hostility, mutual hatred, hostile relationship) + suffix - ebn-. Meaning: expressing a hostile attitude. Hostile – enemy(a person fighting for other, opposing interests, opponent) + suffix – esk-. Meaning: belonging to the enemy. This means that paronyms are formed from different words, therefore the difference should be sought based not so much on the suffixes, but on the basis of the words. In options No. 2, 3, 4, the context expresses the attitude: in hostile world, hostile defense, hostile reception. And in option No. 1, according to the context, affiliation should be indicated: instead of hostile forces must speak enemy forces. Thus, correct option number 1. Practice. 1. In which sentence should we use DIPLOMANT instead of the word DIPLOMAT? 1) Leonid Ivanovich was considered a real DIPLOMAT in communicating with people around him. 2) The success of a state’s foreign policy largely depends on the experience and talent of DIPLOMATS. 3) You sound like a DIPLOMAT, but things are not going well. 4) DIPLOMATS of the Moscow Ballet Competition took part in the final concert. 2. In which sentence should we use GUILTY instead of the word GUILTY? 1) The most painful thing for Vadim was that he still felt GUILTY, although his friend easily forgave him for this lie. 2) The court found the official GUILTY of committing fraud. 3) The teenager looked at everyone with a frightened and GUILTY look. 4) Antonina defiantly went to wash the dishes, and he sat, feeling GUILTY for unexpectedly coming to visit. 3. In which sentence should we use RAINY instead of the word RAINY? 1) A single RAIN drop glittered on the dark foliage. 2) The day promised to be RAINY and windy. 3) Shifting centuries-old stones, RAIN streams fell down. 4) Clean RAIN air poured out of the garden, the intoxicating smell of blooming linden. 5-ege.ru Paronyms for the Unified State Exam 2018: list and meaningIn 2018, the Unified State Exam in Russian will remain mandatory and the first subject that graduates will take. Analyzing the work of school and lyceum students who took the unified state exam in the 2016-2017 academic year, independent experts noted that very often examinees made mistakes in task No. 5 (pictured), which required a good knowledge of paronymic pairs. 
Schedule of the OGE in literature in 2018According to the dates established in the draft OGE schedule, literature exams should be held on the following dates: Paronyms and everything about themParonyms are words with the same root that belong to the same part of speech and are similar in sound, but at the same time have different lexical meanings. In Russian, such words form paronymic pairs (lesnoy - wooded; melody - melodika; now - now; addressee - addressee; dress - put on) and rows (issuance - otdatka - distribution - transfer).
The fifth task of the Unified State Exam 2018 is aimed at testing how well future applicants know paronyms and understand where and when to use them correctly in combination with different words. Paronyms can be different parts of speech: - nouns;
- adjectives;
- Verbs;
- adverbs.
Linguists of the Russian Federation, using a specially developed program, were able to compile the largest dictionary of paronyms, which included 1,100 rows of paronyms containing from 2 to 7 words. A complete dictionary of paronyms can be found on the website paronymonline.ru, but in the Unified State Exam 2018, according to FIPI data, only 124 pairs (rows) were used, understanding and using most of which is not particularly difficult for native speakers. Graduates living in regions where Russian is not the main language outside the educational institution should pay attention to this topic when preparing for the Unified State Exam 2018, make a list, remember the meaning that paronyms have and their phraseological units in which they occur. Since not all existing paronyms will fit into the Unified State Exam 2018. Recommends working on pairs included in the FIPI list. How to remember paronymic pairsIn task No. 5 you will need to find a sentence in which the paronym is used incorrectly and correct the error, i.e. indicate which word needs to be used in the context of the sentence. There are no ready-made options offered in the 2017 and 2018 Unified State Exams, which means that you need to know paronyms with their explanations, and for most, when preparing, it will not be enough to simply compile a dictionary, filling it with pairs of words. It is the understanding of their meanings and correct application that comes to the fore. Of course, you can take a ready-made list of FIPIs and work through all the paronyms that may appear in the Unified State Exam 2018, and find out their meaning. Experienced teachers, who annually prepare graduates for final tests, have long created their own dictionaries, which provide not only the meaning, but also an example of the use of paronyms. We offer you one of these convenient and accessible explanations of the difference between such words. Teachers who teach the Russian language and effectively prepare students for passing the Unified State Exam recommend that graduates of 2018 do not memorize a dictionary of paronyms, but memorize words in the context of sentences or set phrases. This makes it much easier to build the logical chain “word – meaning – application”. Also watch the video lesson, which explains in detail the implementation of the 5th task of the Unified State Examination ticket in the Russian language.
The secret to successfully passing the Unified State Exam in the Russian language is high-quality preparation with careful study of each type of task that the graduate will encounter when completing the exam work.
Just like last year, tickets will include a paronyms task. The topic “paronymous pairs” is studied in the school Russian language course, but many students manage to completely forget it by the time of final exams, which is confirmed by the large number of mistakes made by graduates in task No. 5.
We will tell you what paronyms are, you need to know about such pairs to successfully pass the Unified State Exam for 2019 graduates, and we will also help you understand the features of the topic and tell you where to find a list of words that FIPI experts use when compiling exam papers.
The most important thing about paronyms
The Russian language is unique and quite complex in its structure. Words that sound very similar can have radically different meanings, which causes difficulties in understanding speech for many foreigners.
Paronyms are words with the same root that are similar in sound and belong to the same part of speech, but at the same time have different meanings and are used in different lexical constructions.
Paronyms can form:
- pairs (2 words);
- rows (from 3 to 7 words).
Words forming paronymic pairs can be expressed not only by a noun, but also by other parts of speech (adverb, adjective or verb). The task of a graduate who wants to pass the Unified State Exam well in 2019 is to know all the paronyms (a list of pairs and strings from KIMs, their meaning and application features).
Words included in paronymic pairs and series may differ in prefixes and suffixes, or even have a different base. Semantically, there are two groups of paronyms:
There is also a separate group of words that differ significantly in their functional and stylistic consistency (live - live, work - work).
Dictionary of paronyms
The first thing you should do in preparation for the 2019 Unified State Exam is to study the dictionary of paronyms. It is worth saying right away that in the KIMs of the Unified State Exam 2019, not all paronyms that exist in the Russian language will be found, but only a short list of 124 pairs and rows. At the same time, the complete dictionary compiled by Russian linguists contains 1,100 pairs and rows, each of which contains 2-7 words. If desired, a complete dictionary with detailed descriptions of meanings and features of use can be found on the Internet (for example, at paronymonline.ru).
We bring to your attention a short dictionary of paronyms, which will be useful to all graduates, because in 2019 the Russian language remains a compulsory subject of the Unified State Exam.
How to remember paronyms
Many paronymic pairs and their semantic differences are well known to anyone who is a native speaker of the Russian language. But there are also words in the list whose interpretation may be difficult. You can work through these paronyms by opening the corresponding dictionary with explanations, but in order to save time when preparing for the Unified State Exam 2019, teachers recommend using quick reference books.
We invite you to download one of these ready-made dictionaries, which will help you quickly remember all 124 pairs necessary to complete task No. 5 from the Unified State Exam tickets.
Dictionary of paronyms from FIPI
Subscription– the right to use something (or a document granting this right) for a certain period: a subscription to the pool.
Subscriber– a person or institution that has a subscription: a telephone network subscriber.
Destination– the person or organization to whom the postal item is addressed (recipient).
Addressee– the person or organization sending the postal item (sender).
Artistic– relating to the artist; intended for the artist; characteristic of an artist, an artist, characteristic of him.
Artistic- distinguished by artistry, artistic taste.
Poor– having very meager income, poor or indigent; having a lack of something, meager; unhappy, arousing compassion, pity.
Disastrous- full of disasters and hardships.
Meek– not receiving, not giving an answer, response to something; unable to object, contradict, very meek.
Irresponsible– not bearing or not recognizing responsibility.
Marshy– abounding in swamps, swampy; swampy, like a swamp.
Bolotny– related to the swamp, characteristic of it; intended for work in a swamp, movement through a swamp, etc.; living, growing in a swamp.
Grateful- feeling or experiencing gratitude.
Thanksgiving– containing, containing gratitude, appreciation: letter of thanks, telegram.
Charitable– aimed at providing material assistance to those in need.
Beneficial- useful, having a good effect.
Experienced- seen and experienced a lot.
Former- currently not holding any position.
Former- past, past.
Reckless- done without thought or consideration.
Beloved- beloved, dear.
Reckless– huge, boundless, boundless.
Inhale– each individual intake of air into the lungs, each individual inhalation: a deep breath.
Sigh- increased inhalation and exhalation: a sigh escaped.
Century-old– living, existing for centuries, for a very long time, unchanging, permanent: centuries-old oaks, centuries-old forest; centuries-old traditions, customs;
Eternal- infinite in time, having neither beginning nor end, not ceasing to exist, indefinite, not having a deadline. - eternal human values,
eternal problems.
Great- surpassing any level, outstanding. Great composer, great musician.
Majestic- full of grandeur, solemn beauty, large in size. A majestic building, a majestic monument.
Replenish– reimburse.
Add- add new data to what others have said, make it more complete by adding to something.
Top up- to increase by adding something new to something existing
Hostile- full of hostility, hatred.
Hostile- relating to the enemy, enemy, adversary.
Benefit– benefit, advantage.
Profitability– availability of benefits; positivity that leaves a good impression.
Issue– issued money, goods.
Recoil– the same as efficiency, benefit.
Broadcast- something conveyed to someone; transfer process.
Giveaway- to give something to many.
Pay- giving money as compensation for something.
Payment- payment, money paid for something. Payment is a monetary reward, compensation for something.
Payment– compensation: payment of tax
Pay out- issue payment, pay in full.
Pay- to give something in return, to repay.
Pay- pay for something. To repay is to commit, do something in response to someone’s action.
Pay– the same as paying
Grow- when caring, to ensure the growth, development of someone or something, to nurture.
Increase– promote the growth of something, lengthen; grow in any quantity; accumulate.
Grow– provide the opportunity to achieve any size or height in growth.
High– large in extent or far located in the direction from bottom to top; exceeding the average level, average norm, significant; outstanding in importance, honorable, important; sublime in content, very significant, solemn, not ordinary; very good quality, excellent; about sounds: thin, sonorous, caused by high-frequency vibrations.
High-rise– extending beyond a known limit; caused by high altitude; produced or used at high altitude (aircraft); about architectural structures: very tall, multi-story.
Warranty– adjective to the noun guarantee. Containing a guarantee, serving as a guarantee.
Guaranteed– participle of the verb to guarantee. Secured.
Harmonic– related to harmony; based on the principles of harmony.
Harmonious– containing elements of harmony; possessing consistency, coherence, mutual correspondence of different qualities of objects, phenomena, parts of the whole
Clay- made of clay. Clay pot.
Clayey– containing clay. Clay soil.
one year old– at the age of one year; lain, lasted a year.
Annual– relating to the whole year; resulting by the end of the year, in total for the year; calculated for a year. Annual - for a period of one year, one-year.
Pride– self-esteem, self-respect, feeling of satisfaction from success; an excessively high opinion of oneself.
Pride- excessive pride.
Humanism- progressive movement of the Renaissance; attitude towards people, imbued with love for man and concern for his well-being.
Humanity– a property based on the meaning of the adjective humane.
Humanistic– adjective to the nouns humanism and humanist.
Humanitarian– addressed to the human person, to human rights and interests; relating to the social sciences that study man and his culture.
Humane– humane, philanthropic, imbued with love for people, respect for the individual.
Binary– based on counting in twos (pairs): binary system.
Double– twice as large: double portion; double care; consisting of two pieces, parts: double lining; double bottom.
Dual– leaning both in one and the other direction; contradictory: ambivalent attitude, opinion, feeling, behavior.
Double– having two types, two forms, two meanings.
Twin- something made double.
Doubled– enlarged, doubled in strength.
Effective– capable of influencing, active: effective assistance.
Valid– real, authentic; valid: travel card, real life.
Active- one who performs actions, is in action.
Businesslike– smart, serious, enterprising: businesslike worker; businesslike look; businesslike gait.
Business– related to official activities, work: business conversation, meeting.
Efficient– capable of serious work: efficient worker; serious, worthy of attention: a worthwhile project.
Businesslike- which is based on narrow practicality, losing sight of the social side of the matter.
Democratic– containing elements of democracy, democratism, simple, relating to the people.
Democratic– based on the principles of democracy, implementing democracy, reflecting it, belonging to it. (Used in phrases of a terminological nature)
Dictation– written work consisting of recording dictated text.
Diktat- a requirement, an instruction dictated by one, strong party and imposed for unconditional fulfillment by the other, weak party.
Diploma holder– a person awarded a diploma for successful performance at a competition, festival, etc.; student preparing his final thesis.
Diplomat– An official engaged in diplomatic activities, work in the field of foreign relations; about a person acting subtly and skillfully.
Diplomatic– relating to diplomacy, diplomat (diplomatic post).
Diplomatic– subtly calculated, evasive (diplomatic behavior).
Long– having a large length, extension; longer than necessary; about the person: tall; slowly dragging on.
Long- long-term.
Solid- good quality, durable: good product, suit, house;
Kind– doing good, bringing good, close, noble: good person, character.
Trustee– showing trust in someone or something: confidential tone, voice, gesture, look.
Confiding– easy to trust; based on trust: trusting child, animal, disposition.
Rain– associated with rain, caused by rain, bringing rain; designed to protect against rain.
Rainy- abundant with rain. Rainy season, year.
Dramatic– relating to drama; about the singer’s voice: strong, somewhat harsh in timbre, in contrast to the lyrical one.
Dramatic– containing elements of drama, tension, expressing strong, deep experiences and feelings; calculated for effect, pompous.
Friendly- relating to a friend, belonging to, characteristic of him, characterizing the relationship of friends.
Friendly– mutually benevolent, based on friendliness, expressing affection (mainly about states, peoples and relations between them).
Friendly- bound by friendship, mutual agreement, occurring simultaneously, in concert.
Unit- only one, only one; separate, separate, individual.
The only one- only one, such, besides which there is no other; exceptional. One - common, identical, one for all, possessing internal unity.
Desired– very expected, constituting an object of desire; dear, dear.
Desirable– necessary for something, corresponding to someone’s desires, interests, expectations.
Hard– hard, rough (about an object): hard fabric; strict, unconditional: rigidity of measures, character, game; harshness in the voice.
Cruel- ruthless, merciless; prone to cruelty.
Vital– related to life: living conditions, contradictions; life experience, process, path; close to life, to reality: life image, story; important for life, socially necessary: a vital question.
Everyday- ordinary, characteristic of everyday life: everyday chores, everyday life, little things.
Housing– adjective to the noun dwelling.
Residential- intended for housing.
Block out- put up a fence, fence, screen, close.
Fence- surround with a fence.
Fence- protect, protect.
Fence off- separate by putting up a fence or partition.
Block off- separate with a partition or something blocking it.
Understate- make it lower than normal, necessary, make it lower than necessary.
Downgrade– make it lower; transfer to a lower, less responsible position.
Reduce– make it low, lower it lower, lower the height.
Pay– 1) to give payment for something, 2) to repay (reply). Examples of use: pay for purchases, for work, for services, for a ticket, for travel; to pay with good for good (note: after the word pay, a noun or pronoun is used in V. p. with the preposition for).
Pay out- to give payment for something. Examples of use: pay a salary, pay interest on a debt, pay off a mortgage.
Pay back– to do something in response to someone’s action, to take revenge. Examples of use: repay with ingratitude, repay evil for good, repay for hospitality, repay with care and care.
Pay- to give payment for something. Examples of use: pay expenses, pay a bill, pay for services.
Fill- take over entirely; enter the necessary information into something.
Fill- make full, busy, saturated with something.
Overfill- fill beyond measure.
Starter- the one who conceives something, lays the foundation for something.
Instigator- the one who incites to start, starts something unseemly.
Animal– adjective to the noun beast; inherent in the beast, characteristic of the beast; cruel, ferocious; overly strong.
Brutal- characteristic of a beast, bestial; cruel, ferocious, wild; very strong, extraordinary.
Sound- perceived by the ear, consisting of sounds.
Sonorous– making loud, clear sounds.
Visual– related to vision; intended for spectators; one with the help of which something is considered.
Spectator- relating to the viewer, characteristic of him.
Inventive- resourceful, quick to come up with ideas, capable of inventing.
Inventive- relating to invention, to the inventor.
Informative– information-carrying, information-rich.
Informational– relating to information.
Information– informing; communication about the state of affairs, events; information about the surrounding world and the processes occurring in it, perceived by humans or special devices.
Awareness– awareness, degree of knowledge of information.
Ironic– relating to irony as a stylistic device.
Ironic– containing elements of irony, used for the purpose of ridicule.
Skillful- skillful, knowledgeable about his job; skillfully, well executed.
Artificial- not natural, unnatural, made like the real thing, natural, unnatural.
Executive– having as its task the execution of decisions, regulations, practically managing something; diligent, accurately and well fulfilling duties and assignments.
Performing– relating to the performer, to the performance of any artistic (musical, literary, dramatic) work.
Original– initial, starting.
Outgoing- sent from the institution.
Rocky– abundant in stone: soil.
Stone- made of stone.
Comfortable– providing convenience, peace of mind,
Comfortable– meets all comfort requirements.
Equestrian– associated with horses; operating with the help of horses.
Horse- belonging to a horse, relating to it, equine.
Stocky– body type (short, strong, muscular).
Root– original, primordial, permanent, basic; concerning the very foundations, the roots of something, decisive, the most important; main, central, core.
Root– relating to the root of a plant; representing a root, consisting of a root, roots.
Bone– adjective to the noun bone; extracted from bones.
Bone– made from bone, obtained from animal bones.
Colorful– bright, juicy. Painting – participle of the verb to paint; containing paint, used for coloring.
Painted– treated with paint.
Varnished– varnished; polished, outwardly shiny, smooth.
Varnish– adjective to the noun varnish; varnished (made of leather, wood, papier-mâché or metal coated with varnish).
Ice– consisting of ice, icy; located, located on ice; occurring in the ice.
Ice– adjective to the noun ice; consisting of ice, covered with ice; very cold (cold as ice); extremely restrained, contemptuously cold, destructive.
Wooded- abundantly overgrown with forest.
Forest– adjective to the noun forest; located in the forest, living, growing in the forest; covered with forests; related to forestry.
Personal- relating to the individual.
Private– belonging to a specific person; belonging to a person; affecting the interests of any person.
Microscopic– produced using a microscope; distinguishable, visible only through a microscope.
Microscopic– very insignificant in size, size, volume.
Frozen- subjected to freezing.
Freezer– intended for freezing.
Frosty– relating to frost as a natural phenomenon.
Put on– cover the body with clothes (i.e. put it on oneself): put on a coat, a hat; with the preposition “on” to put on oneself and someone else: put a backpack on the back,
furniture covers are put on.
Dress- to cover someone with clothes: to dress a child.
Availability– presence, existence: to be present.
Availability- the amount of something at a given time; money available.
Reminder- words with the purpose of reminding.
Mention- words concerning someone, said not specifically, but casually.
Ignorant- a rude, ill-mannered person.
Ignorant- a poorly educated, ignorant person.
Intolerable- one that cannot be tolerated (unbearable cold).
Intolerant- one that cannot be tolerated: an intolerant situation, behavior; lacking tolerance, not taking into account other people's opinions: intolerant person; intolerant of other people's success.
Impatient- having no patience while waiting for someone or something
Unsuccessful– accompanied, ending in failure; unsatisfactory, not what it should be.
Unfortunate- haunted by failures.
Accused- one who is found guilty.
Accusatory- containing an accusation, expressing condemnation.
Scrap- a torn, torn piece, separate, incoherent, scattered parts of something.
Excerpt- a part isolated from a work, from a narrative.
Grasp- enclosing between outstretched arms, fingers, paws, etc., press something tightly to yourself: the mother hugged the child; the wrestler grabbed his opponent.
Cover– surround, squeeze; enclose, embrace, envelop: (envelop) the neck.
Limit- to put it in some framework, boundaries, to define it with some conditions.
Delimit- having differentiated, separate.
Delimit– divide, indicating boundaries; accurately determine by separating one from the other.
Hail- an exclamation used to call out, i.e. shouting, stopping or calling.
Response- response to a call, appeal; reflection, trace, relic of something.
Organic– organism; characterized by life processes, alive; formed as a result of the decomposition of animal and plant organisms.
Organic– conditioned by the very essence of something, organically inherent in someone or something.
Qualifying– serving to select someone or something: qualifying match, tournament; selection committee.
Selective– selected, best in quality: selected goods, flax, coal; indecent: choice abuse, swearing.
Deviation– rejection, refusal of something, abnormality, strangeness in behavior.
Evasion- moving to the side to avoid something; departure from the direct direction.
Distinguish- to establish a difference, a boundary between something; stand out from others.
Distinguish- to recognize, to distinguish between something or something.
Difference- a sign that creates a difference between something or someone.
Difference- difference, dissimilarity between someone or something.
Retentive– having a good memory: a memorable person, a student.
Memorable– preserved in memory, unforgettable: memorable date, meeting, trip; memorable year; serving for memorization; reminders, memorial book, memorial badge.
Endure it- endure a lot; enduring, overcome.
Endure– endure a lot (hardships); undergo processing and change.
Purchasing– relating to the ability to buy.
Buyer– relating to the buyer, belonging to him.
Popular– understandable, accessible, uncomplicated in presentation; enjoying wide fame and public sympathy.
Populist– appealing to the broad masses and promising them a quick and easy solution to pressing social problems.
Venerable- inspiring respect, deserving it; big, significant.
Respectful– treating someone with respect, expressing respect.
Practical– related to the field of practice; needed for practice; imparting skills; related to the area of real needs.
Practical– experienced, well versed in life’s affairs; convenient, practical, profitable, economical.
Provide– give at disposal, use, provide an apartment, loan, credit, freedom, speech, opportunity; give the right, the opportunity to do: provide a solution to a case, conduct a dispute, determine a price.
Introduce– deliver, present, report: present a report, project; introduce: introduce the guest, lecturer; nominate, propose: nominate for an award, for an order, for a title, for a prize; also: cause, create: this is not difficult.
Representative– making a favorable impression (presentable appearance), authoritative; awe-inspiring, important, imposing.
Executive– elective (representative body) related to representation, representative (representation expenses).
Recognized– enjoying general recognition.
Grateful- experiencing, expressing gratitude.
Productive– bringing positive results, creating some value in the labor process, productive, fruitful.
Grocery– intended for food products, associated with trade or storage of products.
Productive– bringing obvious results, creating some value, productive.
Industrial– related to production; engaged in production, involved in production.
Performance– an indicator of production efficiency, characterizing production output per unit of resources used, factors of production; the quotient of dividing the volume of production by the amount of resources spent on a given volume of production.
Educational– serving for enlightenment, disseminating enlightenment.
Educational- related to enlightenment, enlightenment, characteristic of them.
Journalistic– relating to journalism, to a publicist.
Journalistic– touching on topical socio-political issues.
Shy- fearful, frightened; expressing fearfulness.
Scared– someone who has often been frightened or who is very frightened.
Irritation– a state of excitement, agitation, a feeling of acute dissatisfaction, annoyance, a cell’s reaction to external influences.
Irritability– personality property.
Rhythmic- related to rhythm, subordinate to it.
Rhythmic- repeating something at regular intervals.
Romantic– relating to romanticism as a movement in literature and art and as an artistic method; characteristic of romance; full of romance; emotionally elevated, attractive with its mystery.
Romantic– containing elements of romanticism, mystery, dreaminess.
Secretive– not inclined to share his thoughts, experiences, intentions with others, not frank.
Hidden- secret, not revealed explicitly.
Vocabulary– consisting of words; related to the dictionary.
Verbal– oral.
Resistance- resistance to pressure, attack, influence.
Resistance- ability to resist, degree of resistance.
Neighboring– located near, next to something, in the neighborhood.
Neighboring- relating to a neighbor, belonging to him.
Comparable- one that can be compared.
Comparative– establishing similarities or differences, comparative; carried out on the basis of comparison.
Stage– relating to the scene; associated with theatre, theatrical art, theatrical activities.
scenic– suitable for the stage, for a theatrical performance, having the properties necessary for the stage.
Technical– relating to technology, associated with it, with its scientific development; used in industry; related to the maintenance of equipment of any production; acting only on the instructions of the manager, not responsible.
Technical– possessing skill and high technology; performed with great skill, skill (in sports, art).
Lucky- happy; the one who is lucky (lucky explorer).
Successful– successful (lucky day).
Humiliated- the one who was humiliated; expressing humiliation, indicating humiliation.
Humiliating- offensive to someone's dignity or self-esteem.
Actual– valid, corresponding to the facts; real.
Factual– corresponds to reality, facts, requirements of accuracy.
Predatory- characteristic of a predator, predatory.; mismanaged, unplanned, pursuing the goals of immediate gain and enrichment.
Predatory– about animals: eating animals; greedy, full of desire to take possession of someone, to capture something, and also expressing such a desire; like that of a predator.
Tsarsky- related to the king, luxurious, rich, belonging to him; relating to the political regime of a monarchy headed by a king.
Regal- distinguished by majesty, significance in scope.
Reigning- performing the duties of a king; the same as reigning (high) superior, superior to everyone in some respect.
Whole- all without exception, full: a whole piece, a glass; significant, large: a whole heap of papers; a whole range of questions; unharmed: all things are intact.
Whole– from one substance, piece, solid: solid slab; solid granite.
Holistic– having internal unity: theory.
Economic- related to economics, economic.
Economical– giving the opportunity to save something, profitable.
Economical– one who spends something thriftily, who observes economy; requiring moderate costs, promoting savings, modest in expenses.
Aesthetic– related to aesthetics (the science of beauty in art and life, about the general laws of artistic creativity); associated with the creation and perception of beauty.
Aesthetic- beautiful, graceful; containing elements of aestheticism.
Ethical– related to ethics (a science whose object of study is morality); meeting moral requirements.
Ethical– acceptable from the point of view of ethical requirements (standards of behavior).
Effective- giving an effect, effective.
Spectacular- producing an effect, impressive. effective method, effective solution, spectacular costumes.
Efficiency- efficiency, effectiveness.
Effectiveness– catchiness, the ability to make an impression.
The next step should be to solve ready-made tasks. For this purpose, both KIMs of previous years and test tasks of the Unified State Exam 2019 are suitable.
If you perceive information more easily, not just by reading the text, but by reading the teacher, you can recommend watching numerous free online lessons that are easy to find on the Internet. Also on YouTube you can find video analysis of tickets in other subjects, works and their brief review for the 2019 OGE in literature and much other information useful for graduates.
We present to your attention one of the lessons on paronyms:
Paronymy is a phenomenon where two words that sound similar but have different meanings are mistakenly used one instead of the other.
Paronyms(from Greek para- - “near, at” onyma- “name”) are words that are similar in sound and morphemic composition, usually to one part of speech, often with the same root, but differ in lexical meaning:
diplomat-diplomat, dictation-dictat, subscriber-subscription, formidable-stormy, wise-to-wise
Paronyms are often confused because of the similarity of their sound, sometimes because of their semantic similarity. The use of one word instead of another is due to insufficient knowledge of the meaning of one or both words, reservations. Using one paronym instead of another is often a violation of the norms of word usage and can lead to a distortion of meaning. Paronyms cannot replace each other in the same context.
Similar-sounding words that are mistakenly used one instead of another form twos, threes or fours of words. These words can be the same or different parts of speech:
dare-dare, dynamic-dynamic; witness-witness, business traveler-business traveler.
Among paronyms there are many nouns of the same gender: subscription-subscriber, weapon-weapon, less often - of different genera: heat-heat, guarantor-guarantee. Fewer adjectives: hard-cruel, defective-defective. Adverbs formed from paronym-adjectives will also be paronyms: tough-cruel, satisfying-full. There are even fewer verbs among paronyms: to confound, to confound, to confound, to confound. For example, the verbs imagine and provide are often confused.
The remaining parts of speech almost do not form paronymic pairs. This is due to the fact that the classes of nouns, adjectives and verbs are continuously replenished with new lexical units (words) similar to existing ones, and conjunctions,
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No.
Dictionaries of paronyms contain words with any sound similarity, often with the same root, but differing in terms of word formation, lexical and syntactic compatibility. In dictionaries, such groups of paronymic words are compared, an explanation of their meanings and their compatibility with other words is given.
This dictionary contains pairs of paronymic words; there is no interpretation of the words.
Dictionaries of paronyms:
- Kolesnikov N.P. Dictionary of paronyms of the Russian language. Tbilisi University Publishing House, Tbilisi, 1971
- Belchikov Yu.A., Ponyusheva M.S. Dictionary of paronyms of the Russian language, - M.AST, Astrel, 2004
- Vishnyakova O.V. Dictionary of paronyms of the Russian language. M. Russian language, 1984
Subscriber – subscription
Subscriber- subscriber, subscription holder, user of services. Examples of use: subscriber of the Moscow telephone network, complaints from subscribers, subscriber response.
Subscription- the right to use something, as well as a document confirming this right. Examples of use: interlibrary loan; subscription to the pool, museum, conservatory; concert subscription.
Addressee - addressee
Addressee- the one who addresses the postal item: letter, telegram. Examples of use: the addressee is unknown, the name of the addressee is indicated at the top left, the addressee is the sender.
Destination- the one who receives the postal item. Examples of use: the addressee is the recipient, the addressee has left, the place of the addressee’s signature on the receipt.
Unsightly - unsightly - unsightly - unsightly - unsightly
Reckless- 1) boundless (obsolete), 2) committed without looking back. Examples of use: reckless courage, reckless extravagance.
Beloved- beloved, one whom it is impossible to look at enough, whom it is impossible to admire enough. Examples of use: my beloved, beloved beauty, beloved granddaughter.
Reckless- boundless. Examples of use: boundless view, vastness, boundless skies, boundless sea, boundless distance.
Unsightly- unattractive, unattractive in appearance, unseemly. Examples of use: unsightly house, outfit, unsightly act, unsightly behavior, past.
Impenetrable- dark, thick, such that nothing can be seen through. Examples of use: impenetrable darkness, fog; impenetrable darkness, darkness.
Grateful - grateful
Grateful- feeling grateful, expressing gratitude. Examples of use: grateful look, view, person; grateful patients, spectators, customers, students.
Thanksgiving- expressing gratitude. Examples of use: thanksgiving prayer, letter of gratitude, appeal; thank you telegram, words of gratitude.
Everyday - everyday
Weekday- not a holiday, not a day off, but a working day (days from Monday to Friday). Examples of use: weekday, weekday evening.
Everyday- everyday, ordinary, ordinary. Examples of use: everyday mood; everyday environment, clothing; everyday facial expression; everyday voice.
Experienced - former - former
Experienced- 1) familiar, 2) knowledgeable, experienced. Examples of use: experienced traveler, warrior, experienced tourists.
Former- 1) previously existing, 2) ceased to hold a position, position. Examples of use: former club, former school, former doctor, director.
Former- past, past, former: Examples of use: former years, former fear; former strength, sorrow, glory; former happiness, respect.
Inhale - sigh
Inhale- antonym of the word exhale. Examples of use: take a breath, take a deep breath, take a deep breath.
Sigh- increased inhalation and exhalation, usually when expressing feelings. Examples of use: heavy sigh, sigh of horror, said with a sigh.
Age-old - eternal
Century-old- existing for a long time, many years, centuries. Examples of use: centuries-old oaks, centuries-old grove, centuries-old forest; centuries-old traditions and customs.
Eternal- endless, without beginning or end, constant. Examples of use: eternal human values; eternal problems, complaints; eternal shawl on the shoulders, permafrost, eternal peace, eternal fire.
Great - majestic
Great- 1) very large, huge, exceeding the usual measure, 2) outstanding, important in significance. Examples of use: great responsibility, great contribution; great writer, composer, artist, performer, thinker; great happiness, great multitude.
Majestic- 1) stately, solemn, 2) full of dignity, importance. Examples of use: majestic panorama, majestic architectural ensemble, majestic building, majestic ruins, majestic posture.
Clay - clay
Clayey- containing clay, abounding in clay. Examples of use: clay soils, clay shale, clay soil.
Clay- made of clay. Examples of use: earthenware; clay shard, pot; clay hearth; a colossus with feet of clay.
Annual - annual - annual
Annual- 1) lasting throughout the year, relating to the whole year, 2) tree rings. Usage examples: annual expenses, annual absence, annual subscription to a monthly magazine.
one year old- at the age of one year. Examples of use: one-year-old baby, one-year-old daughter, for one-year-old children.
Annual- 1) relating to the whole year, 2) resulting by the end of the year, as a result of the year: Examples of use: annual income, annual assessment, annual report, annual subscription to an annual publication, annual bonus.
Proud - proud
Proud- filled with pride, importance, a sense of personal superiority. Examples of use: proud posture, proud pose, proud appearance.
Proud- 1) having pride, dignity, self-respect, 2) having a sense of superiority over others, considering himself higher, better than others, treating others with disdain. Examples of use: proud person, proud soul, proud look, proud look, too proud.
Binary - double - dual - double - doubled - doubled
Binary- based on counting in twos (pairs), based on a combination of two components. Examples of use: binary digit, binary number system, binary fractions, binary code.
Double- 1) consisting of two homogeneous or similar parts, 2) twice as large, 3) dual. Examples of use: double frames, double mirror, double salary, double salary, double game.
Dual- 1) contradictory, 2) two-faced, 3) concerning two sides, two participants. Examples of use: dual position, dual policy, dual agreement (bilateral agreement), dual interpretation.
Double- double, manifesting itself in two forms. Examples of use: double meaning, double benefit.
Twin- connected into one. Examples of use: double thread, double wire.
Doubled- doubled. Examples of use: doubled strength, doubled reserve, doubled reserve, doubled attention.
Effective - valid - effective
Effective- effective, capable of influencing results. Examples of use: effective help, effective means, effective measures, effective force.
Valid- 1) really existing, 2) valid, valid, suitable. Examples of use: valid fact, valid life, valid travel ticket, valid for 10 days.
Active - current, working. Examples of use: current president, active volcano, current legislation, current rules, active person (hero of a work of fiction), active army (located at the front during the war).
Busy - businesslike - efficient - efficient
Businesslike- skillful, intelligent, enterprising. Examples of use: businesslike gait, businesslike appearance, businesslike manners.
Business- 1) connected with business, with work, 2) knowledgeable, experienced in business. Examples of use: business style of clothing, tone, conversation; business meeting, business letter, business connections, business circles.
Efficient- capable of business, work, business. Examples of use: efficient person, advice; good offer.
Businesslike- based on narrow practicality, purely pragmatic. Examples of use: practical approach, practical decision.
Kind - kind
Solid- well, solidly made. Examples of use: good furniture, matter, good house.
Kind- 1) responsive, ready to help, disposed towards others, 2) good, bringing joy, success, good.
Examples of use: good person, good smile, memory, kind face, good look, good news, good sign, good omen.
Confidential - trusting
Trustee- expressing trust Examples of use: confidential atmosphere, conversation, intonation; trusting relationship; confidential conversation, tone.
Confiding- trusting, nurturing trust. Examples of use: trusting child, person, teacher; trusting girl, trusting creature, trusting people.
Rainy - rainy
Rain- relating to rain. Examples of use: rain water, rain stream, smell; raindrop, rain clouds.
Rainy- abundant rain, precipitation. Examples of use: rainy day, season; rainy winter, spring, weather; rainy summer
Cruel - tough
Cruel- 1) ruthless, merciless, too harsh, 2) too strong. Examples of use: cruel person, cruel act, cruel plan, cruel reprisal, severe frosts, cruel wind, severe headache.
Hard- 1) hard to the touch, strong, dense, 2) harsh, sharp, 3) not allowing deviations. Examples of use: tough person, tough position, tough words, tough look, tough schedule, tight deadlines.
Life-giving - alive - animal - tenacious
Life-giving- strengthening vitality. Examples of use: life-giving light, life-giving warmth, life-giving remedy.
Alive- 1) an antonym to the word dead, 2) relating to living things: plants, animals, 3) mobile, restless, active, nimble, 4) intensely manifested, 5) bright, expressive. Examples of use: living fighter, living nature, living matter, living child, living son, living interest, living business, living speech, living look.
Animal- 1) related to the organic world, 2) like an animal, i.e. not controlled by consciousness. Examples of use: animal fats, animal fear, animal nature, animal instincts.
tenacious- 1) hardy, viable, 2) long-lasting. Examples of use: tenacious, like a cat; tenacious being, tenacious tradition, tenacious habits.
Life - worldly
Vital- 1) related to life, 2) important for life. Examples of use: life interest, path; vital indication for surgery; vitality, luck, drama, tragedy.
Everyday- mundane, associated with daily life. Examples of use: everyday problem, vanity, worldly wisdom; an everyday matter; everyday little things, everyday habits.
fence off - fence off - fence off - fence off - fence off
Block out- 1) surround it with a fence, make a fence, 2) build a barrier. Examples of use: blocked the garden, vegetable garden, blocked access, passage.
Fence- surround with a fence, fence. Examples of use: to fence a garden, house, plot.
Fence-1) surround with a fence: fence with a lattice; 2) using any measures to protect from someone’s attacks or encroachments. Examples of use: protect from attacks, nagging, and unfair accusations.
Fence off- to separate with a fence, to isolate. Examples of use: to fence off a children's corner, to fence off a place for luggage (usually indicate what or what is fenced off).
Block off- 1) divide the space with a partition, 2) create a barrier. Examples of use: block a room, block a road, a passage, block a river with a dam.
Lower - lower - lower
Understate- present in smaller sizes. Examples of use: underestimate estimates, underestimate quantitative data.
Downgrade-1) make it lower, 2) reduce the level, degree, intensity, etc. 3) transfer to a lower position. Examples of use: lower salary, water temperature, air temperature, demote in position, rank.
Reduce- decrease. Examples of use: reduce prices, speed, requirements, significance, volume.
Pay - pay
Pay- 1) to give payment for something, 2) to repay (reply). Examples of use: pay for purchases, for work, for services, for a ticket, for travel; pay good for good.
Pay- to give payment for something. Examples of use: pay expenses, pay a bill, pay for services.
Fill - fill - overfill
Fill- 1) take it in its entirety, fill it out, 2) enter the necessary information. Examples of use: fill the hall, fill all the seats, fill the area; fill out the form, form, form, questionnaire.
Fill- 1) take the whole thing (pouring, pouring, applying), 2) take time. Examples of use: fill a container, basket, box, boxes; fill life with work, meaning, and entertainment.
Overfill- fill, fill beyond measure. Examples of use: overfill the bottle with water, overfill the cup of patience.
Difficult - difficult
Difficult- done with effort, with difficulty. Examples of use: difficulty breathing, difficulty moving.
Difficult- causing difficulty or containing difficulties. Examples of use: predicament, circumstance, difficult situation, difficult matter.
Initiator - instigator
Starter- founder. Examples of use: initiator of competition, initiator of urban planning reforms, initiator of a trend in art.
Instigator- someone who starts something unseemly. Examples of use: instigator of a fight, instigator of a scandal, instigator of street riots.
Sound - sonorous
Sound- 1) a physical term (relating to sound), 2) a recording or reproducing device, apparatus, 3) consisting of sounds. Examples of use: sound wave, sound signal, sound film, sound apparatus.
Sonorous- loud, clear, distinct sounding. Examples of use: sonorous voice, laughter, bell, stream.
Malicious - sinister - evil - malicious
Vicious- 1) full of malice, enmity; 2) expressing, revealing anger. Examples of use: evil character, person, look, cry, voice; evil eyes.
Sinister- indicating the onset of something bad, difficult, some kind of misfortune. Examples of use: ominous sign, dream; ominous rumors, omens, sounds.
Wicked- 1) filled with hostility, ill will; 2) caused by anger; 3) ferocious, fierce (about an animal); 4) very strong. Examples of use: action, look, person, voice, intent; evil stepmother, wife; evil eyes, people; evil frost, wind.
Malicious- 1) malicious, 2) deliberately dishonest. Examples of use: persistent truant, violator, defaulter.
Sparkling - playful - gambling - playful
Sparkling- foaming, effervescent. Examples of use: sparkling drink, sparkling wine.
Playful- loves to play, active. Examples of use: playful child, kitten, puppy.
Gambling- intended for gambling. Examples of use: gambling house, hall.
Playing- serving for the game. Examples of use: playing cards, slot machine.
Artificial - artificial
Skillful- 1) skillful, 2) performed with skill, skill. Usage examples: skilled craftsman, skilled speaker, skillful work, carving, embroidery.
Artificial- 1) made to resemble a natural one, 2) insincere, feigned. Examples of use: artificial fabrics, artificial stone, artificial cheerfulness.
Outgoing - outgoing
Original - elementary. Examples of use: initial moment, initial level of knowledge, initial position, initial situation, initial advantage.
Outgoing- document flow term. Examples of use: outgoing number, outgoing document, outgoing mail, outgoing correspondence.
Stony - stone
Rocky- stone-rich, containing many stones. Examples of use: rocky road, path, path, soil; rocky shore.
Stone- 1) consisting of stone, 2) like stone (motionless, frozen, insensitive). Examples of use: stone house, city, bridge; stone architecture, building; stone wall; stone face, stone figure, stone heart.
Comfortable – comfortable
Comfortable- convenient, with comfort. Examples of use: comfortable apartment, furniture; comfortable car, plane, ship, train.
Comfortable- comfortable. Examples of use: comfortable situation, atmosphere, setting, role, comfortable living, but there can also be comfortable housing (in dictionaries one word is explained through another).
Equestrian - horse
Equestrian- 1) for horses, 2) with the help of horses, 3) on a horse. Examples of use: horse harness, horse yard, horse traction, horse thresher, horse ride, mounted police.
Horse- 1) related to a horse, 2) part of botanical names. Examples of use: horse hair, horse stomping, horse snoring, horse neighing; horse sorrel, horse chestnut.
Root - stocky - root
Root- 1) basic, initial, 2) deep, significant, affecting the basics, 3) important, main, 4) medical term. Examples of use: indigenous people, indigenous population, indigenous nationality; fundamental question, radical turn, radical changes, radical mast, radical horse (middle of the three); permanent teeth.
Stocky- body type (short, strong, muscular). Usage examples: stocky figure, stocky young man.
Root- related to the root. Examples of use: root system of a plant, root morpheme.
Colorful – painted
Colorful- bright, juicy Examples of use: colorful landscape, still life, language; colorful picture; colorful, bright summer colors.
Painted- treated with paint. Examples of use: dyed blonde, dyed hair, lips; painted floor, house; painted frames.
Oily - oily - oily - oily
Buttered- 1) lubricated, soaked in oil, 2) about the look (sensual), 3) about the voice (sweet, flattering or ingratiating), 4) Shrovetide week (Maslenitsa, the week before Lent). Examples of use: oily pancake, oily porridge, oily hands, oily cuffs, sleeves, oily padded jacket, oily look, oily voice.
Oilseed- relating to an olive tree, tree or fruit. Examples of use: olive tree, olive berries, Mount of Olives in Jerusalem.
Oily- 1) containing oil, 2) similar to oiled, shiny, having a shine. Examples of use: oily stains on the road, oily leaves, oily eyes, oily look.
Oil- 1) made of oil, 2) made with paints ground in oil, 3) working in oil. Examples of use: oil stain, oil painting, oil paints, oil engine, oil lamp.
put on - put on
Put on- something for yourself. Examples of use: put on a dress, suit, glasses, jewelry, shoes.
Dress- someone. Examples of use: dress a child, a sick person, a toddler; cover with a blanket.
Availability - cash
Availability- presence. Examples of use: availability of products in a store, goods in a warehouse.
Availability- quantity currently available. Examples of use: cash, cash check.
Print - print
Type- SV to the verb to print. Examples of use: print books, circulation, print photographs, print (publish) poetry, a novel, print on a typewriter.
Print- 1) the same as printing, but with a touch of completing the work (finish printing), 2) making an imprint, 3) opening the room by removing the seal. Examples of use: print a copy of a book, print a text on a typewriter, a crow made footprints in the snow, print a room in the presence of witnesses.
Ignorant - ignoramus
Ignorant - impolite, violating the norms of polite behavior. Usage examples: He is a rude and uncouth ignoramus. Don't be ignorant.
Ignorant- ignorant, uninformed, poorly educated. Examples of use: He is a complete ignoramus: he has never read a book in his life. It's a shame to be ignorant.
Innocent - innocent
Innocent- 1) without guilt, innocent, 2) naive, simple-minded, 3) chaste. Usage examples: innocent look, innocent appearance, innocent joke, innocent conversation, innocent creature, innocent girl.
Innocent- not involved in a crime. Examples of use: innocent person, old man, young man.
Unseen - unsightly - unsightly
Reckless- boundless. Examples of use: boundless distances, boundless sea surface, boundless sky, boundless horizon.
Impenetrable- dense, dark, dull. Examples of use: impenetrable darkness, darkness, night; impenetrable fog, darkness.
Unsightly- nondescript, unattractive. Examples of use: unsightly appearance, yard, house, area; unsightly surroundings, unsightly prospect, unsightly future.
Intolerable – impatient – intolerant
Intolerable- difficult to bear. Examples of use: unbearable stuffiness, pain, heat, thirst.
Impatient- 1) having difficulty enduring something, 2) expressing impatience. Examples of use: impatient person, look; impatient movement, tapping, impatient posture.
Intolerant- one that is impossible to put up with. Examples of use: intolerant attitude, intolerant act, intolerant behavior, intolerant outburst.
Snippet - excerpt
Scrap- 1) a torn piece, 2) a part. Examples of use: scraps of paper, scraps of newspaper, scraps of thread, scraps of phrases, scraps of conversation.
Excerpt- a small part of a work, a fragment. Examples of use: an excerpt from a poem, an excerpt from a story, a musical excerpt, an excerpt from a play.
To embrace - to embrace
Grasp- embrace from different sides, hug. Examples of use: clasp your head in your hands, sit with your hands clasped around your knees.
Cover- 1) to embrace, embrace, 2) to position themselves around, nearby, to encircle, 3) to spread over the entire surface, throughout the entire space, 4) to outflank the enemy, 5) to involve someone in some activity, 6) to take complete possession . Examples of use: grandmother grabbed (synonymously: grabbed) my head with her hands, the forest enveloped the dacha on three sides, the steppe enveloped the village on all sides, fire engulfed the entire building, I was seized with trembling, fear gripped her, the election campaign covered the entire region, population census covered the whole country, we covered the Germans from three sides.
fence off - fence off - fence off
Fence- 1) fence around, 2) protect. Examples of use: to fence a house and garden, to fence a plot of land; protect from attacks, accusations, protect from troubles.
Fence- surround with a fence. Examples of use: enclose a house and garden with a fence, enclose a bed with screens.
Fence off- 1) to separate something with a partition, fence, 2) to isolate, separate. Examples of use: fence off with a curtain, fence off a children's corner, fence off a distant part of the garden; fence off from life, fence off from business.
Limitation - limitation
Limitation- boundaries, boundaries in any activity. Examples of use: job restrictions, limited opportunities, limited rights, seasonal restrictions, age restrictions.
Limitation- 1) small opportunities, 2) a property of a person, group of people, society. Examples of use: limited money, limited opportunities, limited time, limited mind, limited possessive psychology, limited powers; her, his, their limitations.
limit - limit - limit
Limit- put within boundaries, frames. Examples of use: the town hall building limited the area from the north, limit income, limit will, limit freedom, limit opportunities, limit rights.
Delimit- to separate one thing from another or from everything else by establishing a boundary. Examples of use: the far corner of the garden is delimited by a light fence, we need to distinguish our understanding of the problem from the generally accepted one, we should not artificially separate the child from the life of the family as a whole.
Delimit- separate from each other or one from the other: differentiate between concepts, differentiate between responsibilities, differentiate between good and bad, differentiate between harmful and beneficial factors.
Single - single - single
Single- consisting of one part, not double. Examples of use: single door, frame; single thread.
Lonely- 1) existing separately from others, 2) having no family or relatives, 3) occurring alone. Examples of use: lonely pine, lonely house, lonely person, lonely life, lonely old age, lonely walk, lonely thinking.
Single- 1) alone, 2) without the help of anyone. Examples of use: single shot, leopards are characterized by a solitary lifestyle, solitary hunting.
Call - response
Hail- exclamation, shout. Examples of use: a quiet call, an unexpected call, a sharp call, a call “Stop! Who goes?"
Response- 1) a response to an appeal, 2) a state of mind that appears as a result of some influence, 3) a review, article, letter. Examples of use: there was no response, a quiet response, no response followed, I heard an inaudible response, evoke a response in the soul, awaken a response, responses in the newspaper, responses on the Internet.
Wary - dangerous
Cautious- fearful, fearful, cautious. Examples of use: apprehensive thought, apprehensive reaction, apprehensive old woman.
Dangerous- representing a danger. Usage examples: dangerous zone, dangerous criminal, dangerous state of affairs, dangerous situation.
Selecting - choosing
Selecting- participle from ch. select To take away - 1) to take something from someone against his will, 2) to take from a certain number for a certain reason. Examples of use: take away toys, money, telephone; select competition participants, select the best works.
Choosing- participle from ch. choose. Choose - 1) take what you need from what is available, based on certain signs, 2) participate in elections, 3) find time for something. Examples of use: choose the most beautiful girl, choose the ripest fruits, choose the chairman of the meeting, choose the president, find it difficult to choose the time for your favorite activity.
Selective - qualifying
Selective- 1) selected from others as the best, 2) obscene. Examples of use: selected grain, selected cast of actors, selected berries; choice swearing, choice swearing.
Qualifying- for selection purposes. Examples of use: qualifying competitions, selection committee.
Deviation - evasion
Deviation- 1) refusal, 2) retreat. Examples of usage: denial of a petition for clemency, denial of an appeal, deviation of the compass needle, deviation from the norm, deviation from the right direction.
Dodge e - departure from something. Usage examples: avoidance of responsibilities, avoidance of obligations, avoidance of the agenda.
deviate - evade
Deviate- move to the side. Examples of use: the compass needle deviates for a split second and again takes the correct position, the speedometer needle deviates to the right, we deviate from our goal, you deviate from the topic.
Dodge- 1) deviate, move away, 2) refrain from doing something, 3) change the original direction.
Examples of use: avoid blows, evade responsibilities, avoid conversation, evade the original course.
Distinguish - distinguish
Distinguish- 1) to recognize something among other things, 2) to reward, to highlight (obsolete). Examples of use: he does not distinguish rye from wheat, he was distinguished by a promotion.
Distinguish- 1) to recognize by sight or other senses, 2) to distinguish. Examples of use: it is difficult to distinguish in the dark, to distinguish her voice, to distinguish shades of color, to distinguish the manner of performance.
Difference - difference
Difference- 1) a sign that creates a difference, 2) merit (obsolete), 3) sign, title, diploma, etc. indicators of recognition of someone's merits. Examples of use: understand the difference, grasp the difference, combat differences, graduate from university with honors.
Difference- 1) difference, dissimilarity. Examples of use: the difference between us, the difference between the lyrical hero and the author, the difference between a photograph and a painting.
Shake off - shake off
Shake off- shake off (remove something by moving your hand or using something). Examples of use: shake off crumbs, dust, shake off snow from your feet, shake off your feet with a broom, shake off a dusty magazine.
Shake off- 1) remove something with a characteristic movement, 2) get rid of something.
Examples of use: shake off snow from a hat, shake off drops of water from an umbrella, shake off fear, shake off unpleasant memories.
Memorable – memorable
Retentive- has a good memory. Usage examples: a memorable person.
Memorable- unforgettable, remembered, significant, important. Examples of use: memorable day, year, moment, conversation; commemorative medal, trip; memorable event.
Endure - endure
Endure it- to survive, to endure something unpleasant, difficult. Examples of use: endure difficulties, endure cold, thirst, heat.
Endure- 1) experience, endure something unpleasant, difficult, 2) undergo a change. Examples of use: endure all difficulties and hardships, endure punishment; undergo change, undergo deformation, undergo transformation.
Transitional - transitory - transitory
Transition- 1) being a transition, 2) a grammatical term. Examples of use: transition period, age, transitional era, time, transitional time; transitive verbs.
Transitional- 1) one that is transferred, 2) transferred to the winner, 3) a financial term. Examples of use: crossing the road; challenge cup, challenge banner, challenge title; carryover amounts, carryover totals.
Transient- one that passes quickly, temporary, short-lived. Examples of use: transitory values, transitory fame.
Sandy - sandy
Sand- 1) containing sand or intended for sand, 2) resembling sand. Examples of use: hourglass, sand dust, sandbox (for sand); sand color, sand coat.
Sandy- consisting of sand or covered with a layer of sand. Examples of use: sandy beach, sandy bottom, sandstorm.
Weepy - weepy - deplorable
whiny- 1) often crying, prone to tears, 2) plaintive, such as happens when crying. Examples of use: whiny child, whiny mood; whiny voice, whiny facial expression.
Weeping- 1) having long, hanging branches, 2) obsolete: often weeping. Examples of use: weeping birch, weeping willow. In the second meaning, the word can be found in classical literature.
Deplorable- 1) causing regret, pity, 2) obsolete: sad, pitiful. Examples of use: deplorable state of affairs, deplorable state, disastrous results; crying sounds.
Selection - choice
Selection
- 1) process, 2) collection, collection. Examples of use: selection of personnel, selection of people, selection of artists; selection of jewelry, selection of coins, selection of books.
Choice- 2) process, 2) what is chosen from, 3) in plural. h.: elections - election by voting. Examples of use: choice of profession, offer a choice, good choice, poor choice, huge choice; President elections.
Fake - craft - trick
Fake- 1) the process of making counterfeit things, 2) fake, counterfeit thing. Examples of use: counterfeiting money, counterfeiting antiques; There are only fakes in this store.
Craft- minor work or its result. Examples of use: at the exhibition there were children's crafts, folk crafts, bone and wood crafts.
Trick- reprehensible act, misdemeanor. Examples of use: serious prank, children's prank, innocent prank (prank), the clown's pranks amused everyone: both adults and children.
Fit - similar
Appropriate- appropriate, required in the given conditions. Examples of use: appropriate quality, appropriate attitude, appropriate meeting, appropriate honors.
Like- 1) similar to someone or something, 2) a mathematical term. Examples of use: similar situation, similar case, similar news, similar work, similar answer; the triangles are similar.
Place - place - place
Place- 1) determine a place for something (put, put, hang, arrange), 2) settle, provide housing, 3) place someone somewhere (in a hospital, in an orphanage, in a boarding school), 4 ) invest funds (money), 5) print, publish. Examples of use: place a chair in the corner, place guests in a corner room, I was placed in a surgical department, place money in a commercial bank at interest, in the latest issue of the New World magazine for 2013 they published a selection of poems by a famous poet.
R post- 1) arrange in a certain order, 2) distribute among many persons (participants). Examples of use: place dishes on a shelf, place laundry in a closet, place orders profitably.
Fit- place something completely or in large quantities. Examples of use: Mom was able to fit all my things on one shelf, I want to fit all the apples in one basket.
Place (s) - place (s) - fit (s)
Fit- 1) fit in, find enough space, 2) settle. Usage examples: I didn’t think so many people could fit here; the cereal does not fit in the jar; we stayed in a small house on the shore.
Accommodate- find a place for yourself, settle down, settle down. Examples of use: to sit in a house, in a room, in a chair, on a sofa, to sit comfortably.
Fit- 1) fit completely, 2) settle down, settle down on the
FULL analysis of task 5 FOR the exam 2018
In Russian
Test your strength: decide without delving into theory!
Task formulation:
WRONG chosen word.
1. Malyuta Skuratov, the favorite guardsman of Ivan the Terrible, was distinguished by his sharp mind, cruelty and PREDATORY sparkle in the eyes.
2. ICE The palace, built by order of Anna Ioannovna in St. Petersburg, became the venue for a clownish wedding.
3. In The Tale of Bygone Years, Nestor describes UNSUCCESSFUL Prince Igor's campaign against the Polovtsians in 1185.
4. Mitrofan, the main character of Fonvizin’s comedy “The Minor,” a classic example IGNORANTS in Russian literature
5. In 1957 the first ARTIFICIAL The Earth satellite, invented by Korolev, was launched into space.
Test yourself: find out the right one
The answer is on the next page!
*Explanation: predatory ¾ profit-seeking exploiting others (about a person): predatory gleam of eyes, predatory official;
Predatory ¾ based on oppression, robbing someone: predatory habits, predatory tendencies.
What is the secret to success in solving task No. 5?
1. It is important to remember that paronyms¾ these are words, similar in sound, but having different lexical meaning: addressee ¾ addressee, put on ¾ put on, etc..
2. Members of paronymic pairs are in different words.
* For example, you need to determine in what meaning in a sentence instead of the word ETERNAL must be consumed CENTURY?
1) Petya Trofimov was called “ ETERNAL student."
2) ETERNAL The oak amazed us with its beauty and grandeur.
3) The documents were prepared for archiving at ETERNAL storage.
4) Compassion and humanity are ETERNAL life values.
How to learn to distinguish paronyms?
1) Need formulate lexical meaning for each of the words, choose synonyms:
· Century-old ¾ living, existing for centuries, for a very long time;
· Eternal ¾ endless in time, having neither beginning nor end.
2) Compose with these paronyms phrases so that there is no doubt about the choice of word:
· Century-old oak (oak, living century), centuries-old traditions (traditions that have existed for a very long time)
· Eternal values (unchanging), eternal student (constant), eternal storage (unlimited)
! Necessarily
read the information from "paronym dictionary" to be fully prepared for the Unified State Exam !
THE MOST COMPLETE dictionary of paronyms for the Unified State Exam Be sure to remember a couple of the most popular paronyms!
Now try to solve task number 5 again!
Task formulation:
In one of the sentences below WRONG The highlighted word is used. Correct the lexical error by choosing a paronym for the highlighted word. Write it down chosen word.
Task No. 1.
1. Flooding from jam-type floods, which little depend on the water level of the year, should EXPECT in April and May.
2. There is a proven method for cleaning short-pile fur: dirty fur should be wiped with hot mashed potatoes, and then thoroughly SHAKE AWAY.
3. The greatest misunderstanding of Moscow SUBSCRIPTIONS necessitates paying a subscription fee for using the line.
4. The new company was registered under beautiful, SOUNDING name.
5. Under it HARD With a glance, everything became uncomfortable.
Task No. 2.
1. To prepare a marinade for fish baked in coals, you need SHAKE AWAY seeds from four to five cardamom pods, add a pinch of saffron and grind them in a mortar and salt.
2. The girl with a sharp movement threw her bangs off her forehead and unexpectedly calmly and CONFIDENTLY looked Alexey in the eyes.
3. ISSUANCE Skating is carried out if the visitor to the skating rink has a passport or any other document that can be left as collateral.
4. Analysts claim that in the coming year the securities market can EXPECT significant changes.
5. CHOOSE one direction or another, navigate strictly by the compass.
Test yourself!
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