To date, several similar projects have already been implemented in Russia. In Moscow, in particular, Sberbank Corporate University and the recently built Spartak Stadium are equipped with trigeneration systems. There are regional examples. So, the trigeneration energy center of a large shopping center in Perm, built by the Carmenta group of companies, is of some interest.

The construction of a five-story shopping center on Karpinsky Street began in 2013, commissioning is planned for early 2016. The total area of \u200b\u200bthe facility is 29 thousand m 2. The required estimated energy consumption of the shopping center for electricity is 1500 kW, for heat - 2700 kW, for cold - 1800 kW.

In order to ensure energy supply of this facility, the design organization LLC Energoplanner selected Bosch CHP CE 400 NA gas reciprocating plants with a capacity of 400 kW in combination with LG absorption chillers.

When operating a gas piston (GPU) or gas turbine (GTU) installation with 1 kW of generated electricity, it is possible to receive from 1 to 2 kW of thermal energy as hot water. In shopping centers, the electrical load is quite uniform throughout the year, and the need for cold is comparable to active electric power. From hot water with the help of ABHM we get cold with an average coefficient of 0.75. Thus, depending on the type of power plants, from their heat you can get from 50 to 100% of the necessary cold. The result is an extremely energy efficient system. The lack of heat, as well as the reserve is provided by conventional hot water boilers, the efficiency of which is close to 99%.

When developing the concept of refrigeration supply, the use of both vapor compression and absorption chillers was considered. The choice was made in favor of the second option due to its advantages in both operational and capital costs.

Absorption chillers are economical and environmentally friendly. They are simple, reliable and do not have pumps in their design. Their overall thermal efficiency is high - up to 86%, part of which (up to 40%) falls on electrical energy. Trigenerators based on internal combustion engines can use both single-stage and two-stage systems. Since cogeneration schemes produce heat, usually in the form of thermal energy of water, a single-stage system is preferable. Along with simplicity, a similar scheme allows you to utilize more heat.

To ensure the power supply of the facility, the project organization selected Bosch CHP CE 400 NA gas reciprocating plants with a capacity of 400 kW in combination with LG absorption chillers

Single-stage lithium bromide plants operate on low-temperature (up to 90 ° C) hot water, while two-stage absorption systems require heat at a temperature of about 170 ° C, which is typical for steam. A single-stage absorption system based on lithium bromide is capable of cooling water to a temperature of 6-8 ° C and has a coefficient of conversion of cold to heat of about 0.7. The conversion factor of the two-stage system is about 1.2. So, absorption systems provide cooling power equal to 0.7-1.2 of the power received from the heat source. By connecting compressor refrigeration units to the trigenerator unit, temperatures below 0 ° C can be obtained.

Characteristic features of trigeneration plants are:

• profitability (excess heat is used to generate cold);
• minimal wear (simple design ABHM);
• low noise;
• environmental friendliness (water is used as a refrigerant);
• high whale.

Absorption chillers (ABHM) produce chilled water using two substances (for example, water and bromistolium salt) that are in thermal equilibrium, which are separated by heating and then reunited by heat removal. The targeted supply and removal of heat under vacuum at variable pressure (approximately 8 and 70 mbar) creates an imbalance of substances, thus forcing them to desorption or absorption. For the production of chilled water in the temperature range from 6 to 12 ° C, water (refrigerant) and bromide-lithium salt (absorbent) are usually used. To generate low-temperature cold to -60 ° C, ammonia (refrigerant) and water (absorbent) are used.

A feature of absorption chillers is the use of a thermochemical compressor rather than a mechanical compressor to compress the refrigerant vapor.

The choice of a gas piston installation was carried out on the basis of a multitude of parameters, among which various resource indicators, maintenance costs, and technical and dynamic characteristics were considered.

Compared to alternative installation options, Bosch demonstrated a number of advantages, including a higher efficiency factor of 38.5%, a higher loading and unloading speed (40%), as well as higher service life before overhaul (44 thousand hours ) Also, their significant advantage was the high quality of energy supply - an automatically adjustable cos (qp) indicator with the ability to regulate the supply of reactive power to the network.

In total, it is planned to install three GPUs with a capacity of 400 kW each and two absorption machines, one of which will be equipped with a burner. To cover the peak heat demand, it is planned to install a gas boiler Buderus. Also, specifically for this project in Germany, a cascade MMS control cabinet was designed to provide emergency operation. As for the economic indicators of the project, the total capital expenditures will amount to about 85 million rubles with a payback period of five years.

It should be noted that this project in the field of trigeneration was a pilot for equipment suppliers and required a number of complex tasks. In particular, a certain time was required to prepare and obtain the necessary documentation, conduct training for the design organization, and resolve service issues.

“This is a landmark project, both for us and for the company.LG in Russia. The implementation of such projects helps to fully demonstrate the benefits of trigeneration technology and the quality of the proposed solutions, ” - comments Dmitry Nikolayenko, head of the mini-thermal power plants of Bosch Thermotechnology.

About Bosch CHP installations

Bosch CHP gas piston units are one of the many areas of Bosch's thermal technology department. They are produced in the power range from 19 to 400 kW for the generation of electrical energy. In this case, the initial fuel economy compared to the separate generation of thermal and electric energy can reach 40%. The use of this equipment can significantly reduce the amount of carbon dioxide emissions. Units can be delivered as a ready-made complete module consisting of an engine, connecting parts, generator, heat exchanger and cooling circuit. Using the control system, the TPP can be combined with a Bosch heating boiler, as well as with cooling systems.

The invention relates to a power system. A method for the combined production of electricity, heat and cold involves converting the heat of combustion products into mechanical energy using a heat engine, converting mechanical energy into electrical energy in an electric generator, transferring heat carrier heated in the cooling circuit of the heat engine and exhaust gases using at least two heat exchangers heating levels, for heating, hot water supply and ventilation and for getting cold in an absorption refrigeration machine. Part of the coolant is diverted for the purpose of hot water supply, heating and ventilation before the heat exchangers of the second and / or subsequent stages of heating, depending on the required temperature of the coolant in the hot water supply, heating and ventilation systems. The remaining part of the heat carrier is fed after the heat exchanger of the last stage of heating to an absorption refrigeration machine. The proposed method allows to increase the refrigeration coefficient and the production of cold AXM. 2 ill.

Figures to the patent of the Russian Federation 2457352

The invention relates to a power system and can be used in the combined production of heat, cold and electricity.

A known method of operation of a mobile installation for the combined production of electricity, heat and cold, in which the generator converts the mechanical energy of the rotating shaft of the engine into electricity, exhaust gases passing through the heat exchanger, give heat to the heat transfer fluid for heating during the heating period or are used in an absorption refrigeration machine for cooling in summer period.

The disadvantages of this method of operation of the installation include a low efficiency associated with the emission into the atmosphere of a significant portion of unused thermal energy.

There is also a known method of operation of the installation, in which the internal combustion engine produces useful energy that is converted into electrical energy using an electric generator, the second internal combustion engine is used to drive the compressor of the refrigeration machine that produces cold in the warm season. The heat recovered from the engine jacket and exhaust gases is used to heat consumers in the cold season.

The disadvantages of the method of operation of this installation are the incomplete use of waste heat of internal combustion engines, the additional cost of fuel for the operation of the second internal combustion engine used to drive the compressor of the refrigeration machine.

There is a known method of operation of an installation that simultaneously provides heat / cold and electricity, in which heat is supplied during the cold period by utilizing the heat of the exhaust gases and coolant of the internal combustion engine, the mechanical energy of the rotating shaft of the engine is converted into electricity, and the cold is generated during the warm season in compression refrigeration machine.

The disadvantages of the method of operation of this installation include a low efficiency due to insufficient use of waste heat of the internal combustion engine, significant energy costs for the operation of the compressor of the refrigeration machine.

The closest technical solution (prototype) is the way the installation works to generate electricity, heat and cold, according to which the heat engine performs mechanical work that is converted into electrical energy using an electric generator. The waste heat of lubricating oil, coolant and exhaust gases removed through heat exchangers of the first, second and third stages of heating from a heat engine is utilized for heat supply to consumers. In the warm season, the utilized heat is partially used to provide consumers with hot water, and partially supplied to an absorption refrigeration machine to provide air conditioning to the cold.

However, this technical solution is characterized by a relatively low temperature of the coolant (80 ° C) supplied from the heat engine, which leads to a decrease in the refrigeration coefficient and cooling capacity of the absorption refrigeration machine.

The objective of the invention is to increase the refrigeration coefficient and refrigeration capacity by increasing the temperature of the coolant supplied to the absorption refrigeration machine.

The task is achieved as follows.

In a method for the combined production of electricity, heat and cold, including converting the heat of combustion products into mechanical energy using a heat engine, converting mechanical energy into electrical energy in an electric generator, transferring a heat carrier heated in a cooling circuit of a heat engine and exhaust gases using at least heat exchangers two stages of heating, for heating, hot water supply and ventilation and for getting cold in an absorption refrigeration machine, part of the heat transfer fluid is allocated for the purpose of hot water supply, heating and ventilation in front of the heat exchangers of the second and / or subsequent heating steps, depending on the required temperature of the heat transfer fluid in hot water systems , heating and ventilation, the rest of the coolant is fed after the heat exchanger of the last stage of heating in an absorption refrigeration machine.

Due to the removal of part of the coolant for the needs of hot water supply, heating and ventilation, the mass flow rate of the heated coolant supplied to the heat exchangers of the subsequent heating stages will decrease, which means, ceteris paribus, without increasing the surface area of \u200b\u200bthe heating, the temperature of the heated coolant emerging from these heat exchangers increases. An increase in the temperature of the coolant discharged to the absorption refrigeration machine makes it possible to increase its refrigeration coefficient and, accordingly, cooling capacity.

The proposed method for the combined production of electricity, heat and cold is illustrated in figures 1 and 2.

Figure 1 shows a diagram of one of the possible power plants with which the described method can be implemented.

Figure 2 shows the dependence of the relative cooling capacity of the absorption refrigeration machine on the temperatures of the cooled, cooling and heating water.

A power plant contains the following elements: 1 - an air compressor, 2 - a combustion chamber, 3 - a gas turbine, 4 - a heat exchanger of a turbine lubrication system (first stage of heating), 5 - a heat exchanger for cooling disks and blades of a turbine (second stage of heating), 6 - a heat exchanger exhaust (exhaust) gases (third stage of heating), 7 - heat exchanger of the heat supply system (heating, ventilation of consumers), 8 - absorption refrigeration machine, 9 - heat consumer (heating and ventilation), 10 - consumer of cold, 11 - consumer of hot water, 12 - a dry cooling tower of a power plant, 13 - a cooling tower of a refrigerating machine, 14 - a pump for a circulating water supply circuit of a refrigerator, 15 - a pump for a cold water supply circuit for consumers, 16 - a pump for a hot water supply line for consumers, 17 - a pump for a heat supply (heating and ventilation) circuit, 18 - a pump cooling circuit of a heat engine, 19 - an electric generator, 20 - a heat exchanger of a hot water supply system Iteli, 21, 22, 23 - pipelines for supplying the heating fluid to the heat exchanger of the hot water supply system (20), 24, 25, 26 - pipelines for supplying the heating fluid to the heat exchanger (7) of the heating system (heating and ventilation), 27 - piping for supplying the heating fluid absorption refrigeration machine, 28 - cooling circuit of a heat engine.

The method of operation of the installation is as follows.

In the compressor 1, the process of compression of atmospheric air. From the compressor 1, air enters the combustion chamber 2, where sprayed fuel flows continuously through the nozzles under pressure. From the combustion chamber 2, the combustion products are sent to a gas turbine 3, in which the energy of the combustion products is converted into mechanical energy of rotation of the shaft. In the electric generator 19, this mechanical energy is converted into electrical energy. Depending on the heat load, the installation operates in one of three modes:

I mode - with the release of heat for heating, ventilation and hot water supply;

II mode - with the release of heat to the hot water supply and to the absorption refrigerator;

III mode - with the release of heat for heating, ventilation and hot water and an absorption refrigerator;

In mode I (during the cold season), the coolant heated in the heat exchanger of the lubrication system 4 (first stage of heating), the heat exchanger of the cooling system of the disks and blades 5 (second stage of heating) and the heat exchanger of the exhaust (exhaust) gases 6 (third stage of heating) through the pipeline 26 is fed to a heat exchanger 7 for heating and ventilation of consumers 9 and through pipelines 21, and / or 22, and / or 23 to a hot water heat exchanger 20.

In mode II (during the warm season), depending on the required temperature in the hot water supply system, part of the coolant is discharged after the heat exchanger of the lubrication system 4 (first heating stage) and / or the heat exchanger of the cooling system of disks and blades 5 (second heating stage) and / or heat exchanger exhaust (exhaust) gases 6 (third heating stage) through pipelines 21, and / or 22, and / or 23 to a hot water heat exchanger 20, and the remaining heat carrier through a pipe 27 is fed to an absorption refrigeration machine 8 to produce cold used for cooling consumers ten.

In mode III (in the autumn-spring period), depending on the required temperatures in the hot water supply, heating and ventilation systems, part of the coolant is discharged after the heat exchanger of the lubrication system 4 (first heating stage) and / or the heat exchanger of the cooling system of disks and blades 5 (second stage heating), and / or the heat exchanger of the exhaust (exhaust) gases 6 (third heating stage) through pipelines 21, and / or 22, and / or 23 to the hot water heat exchanger 20, part of the heat carrier after the heat exchanger of the lubrication system 4 (first heating stage), the heat exchanger of the cooling system of the disks and blades 5 (second heating stage) and / or the heat exchanger of the exhaust (exhaust) gases 6 (third heating stage) through pipelines 24, and / or 25, and / or 26 is fed to the heat exchanger 7 for heating and ventilation of consumers 9 , the part of the coolant remaining in the cooling circuit of the heat engine 28 is fed through a pipe 27 to the absorption refrigeration machine 8 to produce cold using volume for cooling consumers 10. The heat carrier cooled in heat exchangers 7, 8 and 20 is transferred by pump 18 for heating to heat exchangers 4, 5, 6. If there is no need for thermal energy, excess heat is removed through dry coolers 12 to the atmosphere.

For example, when the unit is operating in mode II, in the case of selecting a coolant for hot water supply after a heat exchanger of the third stage of heating, a coolant with a temperature of 103.14 ° C is supplied to the absorption refrigeration machine through pipeline 27.

In the case of selection of 30% of the coolant for hot water supply after the second-stage heat exchanger, a coolant with a temperature of 112.26 ° C is supplied to the absorption refrigeration machine, which gives an increase in cooling capacity (according to FIG. 2) by 22%.

In the case of the selection of 30% of the coolant for hot water supply after the first-stage heat exchanger, a coolant with a temperature of 115.41 ° C is supplied to the absorption refrigeration machine, which gives an increase in cooling capacity (according to FIG. 2) by 30%.

The technical result that can be obtained by carrying out the invention is to increase the refrigeration coefficient and cooling power of an absorption refrigeration machine by increasing the temperature of the heat carrier removed from the engine cooling circuit. The use of a coolant with higher parameters, obtained as a result of a decrease in its average flow rate in the cooling circuit of a heat engine due to the removal of part of the coolant when it reaches the required temperature for heating needs, allows to increase the cooling capacity of an absorption refrigeration machine.

Sources of information

1. Patent No. 2815486 (France), publ. 04/19/2002, IPC F01N 5/02-F02B 63/04; F02G 5/02; F25B 27/00; F25B 30/04; F01N 5/00; F02B 63/00; F02G 5/00; F25B 27/00; F25B 30/00.

2. Patent No. 2005331147 (Japan), publ. 12/02/2005, IPC F25B 27/00; F25B 25/02; F25B 27/02; F25B 27/00; F25B 25/00; F25B 27/02.

3. Patent No. 20040061773 (Korea), publ. 07.07.2004, MKP F02G 5/00; F02G 5/00.

4. Patent No. 20020112850 (USA), publ. 08/22/2002, IPC F01K 23/06; F02G 5/04; F24F 5/00; F01K 23/06; F02G 5/00; F24F 5/00.

CLAIM

A method for the combined production of electricity, heat and cold, including converting the heat of combustion products into mechanical energy using a heat engine, converting mechanical energy into electrical energy in an electric generator, transferring a heat carrier heated in the cooling circuit of a heat engine, and exhaust gases using heat exchangers of at least two heating steps, for heating, hot water supply and ventilation and for getting cold in an absorption refrigeration machine, characterized in that part of the coolant is diverted for the purpose of hot water supply, heating and ventilation in front of the heat exchangers of the second and / or subsequent heating steps, depending on the required temperature of the coolant in systems of hot water supply, heating and ventilation, the remaining part of the heat carrier is fed after the heat exchanger of the last stage of heating to an absorption refrigeration machine.

Field of activity (technology) to which the described invention relates

The invention relates to a power system, can be used in the combined production of heat, cold and electricity using thermal power plants.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

A known method of operation of a mobile installation for the combined production of electricity, heat and cold, in which the generator converts the mechanical energy of the rotating shaft of the engine into electricity, the exhaust gases passing through the heat exchanger, give heat to the heat transfer fluid for heating during the heating season or to the refrigerant of an absorption refrigeration machine for cooling in the summer period.

The disadvantages of this method of operation of the installation include a low efficiency associated with the emission of a significant part of unused thermal energy into the atmosphere through air coolers of an internal combustion engine and a refrigerating machine, a low degree of utilization of the refrigerating power of an absorption refrigerating machine in the summer during periods of lowering ambient temperature.

There is also a known method of operation of a cogeneration system: the first internal combustion engine produces useful energy that is converted into electrical energy using an electric generator, the second internal combustion engine is used to drive the compressor of a refrigeration machine that generates cold in summer, heat recovered from the engine jacket and exhaust gases, It is used to heat consumers in the winter.

The disadvantage of the method of operation of this installation is the low efficiency of the use of waste heat of internal combustion engines, significant energy costs for the operation of the compressor of the refrigeration machine.

There is a known method of operation of a trigeneration system that simultaneously provides heat / cold and electricity, in which heat is supplied during the cold period by utilizing the heat of exhaust gases and coolant of the internal combustion engine, the mechanical energy of the rotating shaft of the engine is converted into electricity, and the cold is generated in summer during compression refrigeration machine.

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The disadvantages of the method of operation of this installation include a low efficiency due to the insufficient use of waste heat of the internal combustion engine and significant energy costs for the operation of the compressor of the refrigeration machine.

The closest technical solution (prototype) is a method of inlet of cooled air into a gas turbine, in which one is used to convert the heat of the combustion products into mechanical energy, followed by converting it into electrical energy in an electric generator. The second heat engine is used as a source of thermal energy, converted into cold energy in an absorption refrigeration machine. The cold produced in an absorption chiller is used to cool the atmospheric air before compression. When the load on the cooling system is reduced, the pressure of the gas supplied to the heat engine is reduced.

The disadvantage of the method of operation of this installation is that during the period of incomplete loading of the absorption refrigeration machine as a result of lowering the pressure of the gas used by the heat engine, the temperature of the water supplied from the absorption refrigeration machine to the air-water heat exchanger increases, which reduces the degree of cooling of atmospheric air, supplied to the compressor, and accordingly to a decrease in the electrical power of the installation.

The objective of the invention is to increase the efficiency and electrical power of the installation by increasing the degree of use of the absorption refrigeration machine.

The task is achieved as follows.

Compressed air and / or fuel is burned in the combustion chamber and the heat of the combustion products is converted into mechanical energy using a heat engine. Mechanical energy is converted into electrical energy in an electric generator. The heat energy diverted from the heat engine is used to heat consumers and to convert in an absorption refrigeration machine into cold energy for cooling customers. During the period of incomplete loading of the refrigeration machine, excess refrigeration power is used to cool the atmospheric air before compression.

The drawing shows a diagram of one of the possible installations with which the described method can be implemented.

It contains the following elements: 1 - an air compressor, 2 - a combustion chamber, 3 - a gas turbine, 4 - a heat exchanger for cooling disks and blades of a turbine, 5 - a heat exchanger of a turbine lubrication system, 6 - a flue gas heat exchanger, 7 - a heat exchanger of a consumer heat supply system, 8 - air-water heat exchanger, 9 - cooling circuit pump, 10 - pump, 11 - absorption refrigeration machine, 12 - heat consumer, 13 - electric generator, 14 - cold consumer, 15 - hot water pipeline, 16 - chilled water pipeline, 17 - cooling tower refrigeration machine, 18 - pump reverse water supply (cooling) of the refrigerator, 19 - room, 20 - dry cooling tower of a trigeneration plant.

The method of operation of the combined production of electricity, heat and cold is as follows

In the compressor 1, the process of compression of atmospheric air. From the compressor 1, air enters the combustion chamber 2, where sprayed fuel flows continuously through the nozzles under pressure. From the combustion chamber 2, the combustion products are sent to the turbine 3, in which the energy of the combustion products is converted into mechanical energy of rotation of the shaft. In an electric generator 13, this mechanical energy is converted into electrical energy. The heat energy removed from the gas turbine through the heat exchangers of the lubrication system 5, the cooling system of the disks and blades 4 and from the exhaust gases 6 is transferred through a pipe 15 to the heat exchanger 7 to supply consumers 12 with heat in the cold season. In the warm period, part of the thermal energy is used to heat consumers, and another part of the energy is transferred to the absorption refrigerator 11, which converts the thermal energy into cold energy, used to supply cold to the consumers 14. Water cooled in the heat exchanger 7 is transferred by pump 9 to the heat exchangers 4 for heating , 5, 6. If there is no need for thermal energy, excess heat is removed through dry coolers 20 to the atmosphere. During operation of the refrigeration machine 11, thermal energy is supplied to the generator and to the evaporator, while heat is removed in the absorber and in the condenser. For the removal of heat into the atmosphere, a recycled water supply circuit is used, including a cooling tower 17 and a pump 18. During the period of incomplete loading of the absorption refrigerator 11, the cooled water is transferred through a pipe 16 to an air-water heat exchanger 8 located outside 19 for preliminary cooling of the atmospheric air, supplied to the compressor 1 for compression of atmospheric air and supplied to the combustion chamber 2, and the water heated in the heat exchanger 8 is transferred by pump 10 to 11 for cooling.

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The technical result that can be obtained by carrying out the invention is to increase the degree of use of the absorption refrigeration machine due to cooling during incomplete loading of atmospheric air before its compression. Pre-cooling of atmospheric air by reducing the compression work allows you to reduce fuel consumption in a heat engine, increase the efficiency and electrical power of the installation.

List of sources used

1. Patent 2815486 (France), publ. 04/19/2002, IPC F01N 5/02-F02B 63/04; F02G 5/02; F25B 27/00; F25B 30/04; F01N 5/00; F02B 63/00; F02G 5/00; F25B 27/00; F25B 30/00; (IPC 1-7): H02K 7/18; F01N 5/02; F02B 63/04; F02G 5/02; F25B 27/02.

2. Patent 2005331147 (Japan), publ. 12/02/2005, IPC F25B 27/00; F25B 25/02; F25B 27/02; F25B 27/00; F25B 25/00; F25B 27/02; (GRS1-7): F25B 27/00; F25B 25/02; F25B 27/02.

3. Patent 20040061773 (Korea), publ. 07.07.2004, MKP F02G 5/00; F02G 5/00; (IPC 1-7): F02G 5/00.

4. Patent 8246899 (Japan), publ. 09.24.1996, IPC F02C 3/22; F01K 23/10; F02C 6/00; F02C 7/143; F25B 15/00; F02C 3/20; F01K 23/10; F02C 6/00; F02C 7/12; F25B 15/00; (IPC1-7): F02C 7/143; F02C 3/22; F02C 6/00; F25B 15/00.

Claim

A method for the combined production of electricity, heat and cold, including the compression of atmospheric air and / or fuel, followed by burning them in a combustion chamber and converting the heat of the combustion products into mechanical energy using a heat engine, converting mechanical energy into electrical energy in an electric generator, transferring part of the thermal energy, diverted from the heat engine, for conversion in an absorption refrigeration machine into cold energy, used at least to cool atmospheric air before it is compressed, characterized in that part of the heat energy diverted from the heat engine is used to heat consumers, and converted to the absorption refrigeration machine uses the thermal energy in the energy of the cold to cool consumers, while in the event of an excess load of cold energy during the periods of incomplete loading of the absorption refrigeration machine, it is used to cool atmospheric air before compression.

Inventor Name: Bazhenov Alexander Ivanovich (RU), Mikheeva Elena Vladimirovna (RU), Khlebalin Yuri Maksimovich (RU)
Patent Name: State educational institution of higher professional education Saratov State Technical University (GOU VPO SSTU)
Correspondence mailing address: 410054, Saratov, st. Polytechnic, 77, SSTU (patent and licensing department)
Patent reference date: 14.05.2009

A trigeneration system is a combined heat and power production system connected to one or more refrigeration units. The thermal part of the trigeneration plant is basically based on a steam generator with heat recovery, which is powered by the use of exhaust gases from the primary engine. A prime mover connected to an alternator generates electrical energy. For cooling, periodically generated excess heat is used.

The use of trigeneration

Trigeneration is actively used in the economy, in particular in the food industry, where there is a need for cold water for use in technological processes. For example, in the summer, breweries use cold water to cool and store the finished product. In livestock farms, water is used to cool milk. Frozen food manufacturers work year-round with low temperatures.

The trigeneration technology makes it possible to convert into cold up to 80% of the thermal power of the cogeneration unit, which significantly increases the total efficiency of the cogeneration unit and increases the coefficient of its power resources.

Trigeneration unit can be used year-round, regardless of the season. Recycled heat during trigeneration is effectively used in winter for heating, in summer for air conditioning and for technological needs.

Especially effective is the use of trigeneration in the summer, with the formation of excess heat generated by the mini-CHP. Excess heat is sent to the adsorption machine to produce chilled water used in the air conditioning system. This technology saves energy, which is usually consumed by a forced cooling system. In winter, the adsorption machine can be turned off if there is no need for a large amount of chilled water.

Thus, the trigeneration system allows you to 100% use the heat generated by the mini-CHP.

Energy Efficiency and High Efficiency

Optimization of energy consumption is an important task, not only from the point of view of saving energy resources, but also from the point of view of ecology. Today, energy conservation is one of the most pressing problems worldwide. However, most modern heat production technologies lead to a high degree of air pollution.

Trigeneration, in which the combined production of electric, thermal and refrigerating energy occurs, is today one of the most effective technologies for improving the energy efficiency and environmental safety of mini-thermal power plants.

Energy savings using trigeneration technologies reaches 60%.

Pros and cons

Compared to traditional cooling technologies, a trigeneration system has the following advantages:

• Heat is a source of energy, which allows the use of excess thermal energy, which has a very low cost;
• The generated electric energy can be supplied to the general electric network or used to provide for own needs;
• Heat can be used to meet the needs for thermal energy during the heating season;
• They require minimal maintenance costs due to the absence of moving parts in adsorption refrigeration units that could be subject to wear;
• Silent operation of the adsorption system;
• Low operating costs and low costs throughout the entire service life;
• Water is used as a refrigerant instead of substances that deplete the ozone layer.

The adsorption system is simple and reliable to use. The energy consumption of the adsorption machine is small because there is no liquid pump.

However, such a system has a number of drawbacks: large dimensions and weight, as well as the relatively high cost associated with the fact that today a limited number of manufacturers are engaged in the production of adsorption machines.

Trigeneration - This is the combined production of electricity, heat and cold. Cold is produced by an absorption refrigeration machine that consumes not electric, but thermal energy. Trigeneration It is advantageous because it makes it possible to efficiently use the utilized heat not only in winter for heating, but also in summer for air conditioning or for technological needs. This approach allows the use of a generating plant all year round.

Trigeneration and industry

In the economy, in particular in the food industry, there is a need for cold water with a temperature of 8-14 ° C, used in technological processes. At the same time, in summer, the temperature of river water is at the level of 18-22 ° С (breweries, for example, use cold water for cooling and storage of the finished product, in livestock farms, water is used for cooling milk). Frozen food manufacturers operate at temperatures from –18 ° C to –30 ° C year-round. Applying trigeneration, cold can be used in various air conditioning systems.

Energy Concept - Trigeneration

During the construction of a shopping center in the suburbs, with a total area of \u200b\u200b95,000 m², it was decided to install a cogeneration unit. The project was implemented in the late 90s. The gas complex is powered by four gas engines with an electric capacity of 1.5 MW and a thermal capacity of 1.8 MW. Gas reciprocating plants run on natural gas. The coolant is water heated to 110 ° C. Hot water is used both directly for heating and for heating incoming air from the outside. Gas engines are equipped with silencers and CO 2 converters.

The energy concept uses the principle trigeneration. Electricity, heat and cold are produced together. In the warmer months, the heat produced by the cogeneration unit can be utilized by an absorption refrigeration machine to cool indoor air. Thus, the cogeneration plant produces, depending on the time of year, heat or cold, keeping the temperature in the premises constant. This is especially important for furniture storage.

Trigeneration is provided by two bromine-lithium absorption chillers with a capacity of 1.5 MW each. The cost of fuel consumed by the plants in 2002 was several times lower than the cost of buying heat and electricity from a state monopoly company. In addition, the cost of connecting to city networks is in many cases comparable to the cost of the plants themselves and is ~ $ 1,000 / kW.

Trigeneration - specificity

A feature of an absorption refrigeration unit is the use of a thermochemical compressor rather than a mechanical compressor to compress the refrigerant vapor. As the working fluid of the absorption units, a solution of two working fluids is used, in which one working fluid is refrigerantand another - absorbent. One of the working fluid, acting as a refrigerant, must have a low boiling point and dissolve or be absorbed by the working fluid, which can be either liquid or solid. The second substance that absorbs the refrigerant is called an absorbent.

Independent energy company New Generation is ready at your own expense to install a 6.4 MW gas piston cogeneration power plant manufactured by MAN B&W Diesel AG in your enterprise within 5-6 months.