Bibliographic description: Sarii K.V., Lukovkina I.D. Denis Davydov and his descendants in the Volga region // Young scientist. 2017. No. 2.2. P. 79-81..06.2019).



Keywords: estate, landowner, Verkhnyaya Maza.

Most recently, our country celebrated the anniversary of the Patriotic War of 1812. In this regard, interest in the events and participants of that war has grown again. The personification of war heroes and their destinies is very important to us. The personality of Denis Davydov, as a partisan and poet, is familiar even to an inexperienced person in history. But not every resident of the Volga region knows that he can be proud of the fact that after the end of the war, this bully hussar becomes an exemplary owner of the Verkhnyaya Maza estate in the Simbirsk province.

The purpose of our research is to analyze the activities of not only Denis Davydov himself, a landowner living far from capitals and battlefields, but also the fate of his nine children, who became no less glorious sons and daughters of their Fatherland.

The object of the study is the Davydov family. The subject of the study is the contribution of representatives of the clan to Russian history and culture. The main sources of our work were:

Memoirs of the granddaughter of the famous partisan - Sofia Nikolaevna Butorova (nee Davydova) “My memories. 1862-1917", stored in the Syzran branch of the Central State Archives of the Samara Region,

Notes of the Simbirsk governor about the Verkhnyaya Maza estate,

The results of research by teachers and students of the Verkhnemazinskaya school in the Radishchevsky district of the Ulyanovsk region.

Denis Davydov is a famous partisan poet. It was he who first came up with the idea of ​​​​the benefits of partisan actions in the rear of Napoleon Bonaparte's troops, and he was the first to begin to implement them.

In the Volga region, the noble family of the Davydovs is known in connection with the family estate of the Denis Davydov family - the village of Verkhnyaya Maza, Simbirsk province. In the second half of June 1820, Denis Davydov visited Upper Maza for the first time. This happened shortly after his marriage to Sofya Nikolaevna Chirkova, who received the family estate near Syzran as a dowry. The Volga steppe village was significantly different from the village of Borodino, the Davydov estate near Moscow, in which Denis spent part of his childhood. But the Moscow region had not yet fully recovered from the consequences of the general battle with Napoleon, so the new homeland for Denis Davydov was now on the Volga.

He finally and irrevocably retires after participating in the suppression of the uprising of 1830-1831. with the rank of lieutenant general and moved to Upper Maza.

Rice. 1. Offspring of Denis Davydov.

Being a supporter of a humane attitude towards serfs, he banned corporal punishment on his estate, which was often found among neighboring landowners; reduced the size of corvée and quitrent. A school for peasant children appeared in Verkhnyaya Maz, and the owner himself often visited peasant huts and helped those in need with bread and money. The memory of his good deeds was preserved for a long time among the residents of Upper Maza. But it was not easy for his restless nature to maintain himself within the framework of a rural estate, and he gladly left the province at any opportunity to meet again with his closest friends of those years - Pushkin, Vyazemsky or Yazykov. In addition, his older sons were growing up and needed to be enrolled in educational institutions.

Unfortunately, no traces of the Davydov estate have survived to this day. But it is known for certain that the ancient Davydov family was not interrupted, and many of his descendants, like their legendary ancestor, devoted themselves to serving the Fatherland.

We can talk a lot about the descendants of D.V. Davydov, but in this work we will dwell on the personalities of only some of them, relying, first of all, on an invaluable source - the diary of Sofia Nikolaevna Butorova, the daughter of Denis Davydov’s second son, stored in the funds of the Syzran archive Samara region.

One of the sons, Denis Denisovich Davydov, married Olga Semyonovna Khlustina. In this marriage, a daughter, Ekaterina, was born. After the death of Denis Denisovich, Olga Semyonovna married the well-known homeopathic doctor Karl Karlovich Boyanus, and gave birth to five more children, including a daughter, Vera, who became the abbess of the Polotsk Spaso-Euphrosinievsky Convent under the name Nina. The daughter of Denis Denisovich and Olga Semyonovna, Ekaterina, later became the wife of Sergei Vasilyevich Moiseenko-Great. Traces of this branch of the Davydov family today lead researchers to Paris.

The youngest son of the partisan poet, Vadim Denisovich, rose to the rank of major general. He was a participant in military operations in the Caucasus, served as chief of staff of an infantry division, and commanded an infantry regiment

From the book by S.N. Butorova “My Memories” we learn: “My father, Nikolai Denisovich Davydov, was born on January 27, 1825, the second son of Denis Vasilyevich Davydov and his wife Sofia Nikolaevna. At the age of 10 he was sent to the school for ensigns. After getting married, he settled in Maz.” .

Nikolai Denisovich and Sofia Petrovna had five children. The author of the memoirs, the daughter of Nikolai Denisovich, Sofia Nikolaevna, had a separate estate on the Vyazova farm. Being the heiress of two well-known families in Russia, the Davydovs and the Bestuzhevs, she lived here with her husband, lieutenant of the Life Guards Uhlan Regiment Vladimir Butorov, and their children.

Teachers and students of the Verkhnomazinsk school carefully preserve in the school museum the copied diaries of their daughter, Yulia Vladimirovna Butorova, which in 1980 became a sensational find in the Samara archive. From them we learn that during the First World War, this fragile girl went to the front and served for two years on an advanced Red Cross ambulance train. For her courage, Yulia Vladimirovna was awarded two, and according to other sources, four St. George Crosses.

The events of 1812 are moving further and further away from us. History brings us the names of new heroes. But the experience of the Patriotic War of the 19th century and centuries later does not allow us to forget that History is made by people. Denis Vasilyevich Davydov, his children, grandchildren and great-grandchildren worked hard for the prosperity and glorification of our Fatherland both on the battlefield and in other fields. We, residents of the Volga region, have a special right to be proud of our fellow countrymen from the Davydov family - their names and deeds

Literature:

1. Butorova S.N. “My memories 1862-1917”, Syzran branch of the Central State Archives of the Samara Region” (Fund No. I-63; inventory No. 2; file No. 1)
2. Efimov I. Hussar and the Volga region. /Samara and Gubernia. – 2011, No. 3
3. History of the Radishchevsky region. Information about the nobles. / Author - compiler M. A. Kachalina. - http://www.radishevskykray.ru/index/svedenija_o_dvorjanakh/
4. Manlakova N. About the pedigree of D.V. Davydova. - Municipal educational institution Verkhnemazinskaya secondary school named after. D.V. Davydova.
5. Molchanov A. Syzran diaries brought to Paris. http://www.riasamara.ru/rus/news/region/
6. http://monomax.sisadminoy.net/

Keywords: estate, landowner, Verkhnyaya Maza.

Annotation: The article traces the path of Denis Davydov, a hero of the Patriotic War of 1812, after finishing his military service as a landowner in the Simbirsk province, as well as the contribution of his children and grandchildren to the development of the Middle Volga region, Russia.

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1. The main idea and novelty of the project

Many historical places of the Moscow region near Zelenograd are widely known and are the objects of popular excursions (Shakhmatovo, Serednikovo, Boblovo). In this regard, the idea arose to introduce students to iconic places in the Moscow region, which still remain unknown to many. In the vicinity of Zelenograd (Zelenograd is one of the districts of Moscow, surrounded by the Solnechnogorsk district) there is a historical place associated with the name of the hero of the war of 1812, the poet Denis Davydov.

In the process of developing the route, having arrived in Myshetskoye and trying to find a historical place with the help of local residents, we were surprised to find that many knew nothing about the surviving oak trees and the former estate of Denis Davydov.

2. Goals and objectives

• awakening interest in the history of the native land;
• education of patriotic feelings (the heroism of Russian soldiers in 1812);
• implementation of interdisciplinary connections - history with geography and literature;
• involving students in search activities when preparing assignments on the topic of the excursion.

3. Project development and implementation methods

• information search (Internet, historical fiction, reference books);
• studying a map of the area according to which the route is laid;
• acquaintance with the creative heritage of D. Davydov;
• organization of excursions.

Project implementation

1. In anticipation of the trip, preparatory work was carried out. Students received assignments to choose from:

– find the coats of arms of the village of Myshetskoye and the village of Chernaya Gryaz and prepare a message;

– get acquainted with the poetry of Denis Davydov and choose poems dedicated to the Battle of Borodino.

2. The main historical material was prepared by the organizers and developers of the excursion.

3. Drawing up a route plan

Stages - stops

Stop one(at the entrance to the village near the Church of the Intercession of the Blessed Virgin Mary):

• Acquaintance with the history of the village of Myshetskoye and the history of the purchase of the estate by Davydov - ( teacher's message);
• Historical information about Denis Vasilievich Davydov ( student message).
• Coat of arms of the village of Myshetskoye ( student message)

Stop two(walk 20 meters in the direction of the lake)

• Life in Myshetsky ( teacher's message);
• Poetry by D.V. Davydov ( students read);
• About “heroic” oaks ( teacher's message);
• Contemporaries about D.V. Davydov ( teacher's message);
• Denis Davydov - the darling of fate? ( teacher's message);

Stop three(Lake Krugloe)

• On the way to the lake;
• Lake of glacial origin ( teacher's message).

Stop four(Black Dirt Village)

• Built by Catherine II ( teacher's message);
• Davydov's role in the fight against the epidemic ( teacher's message);
• Coat of arms of the village of Black Mud ( student message);

4. Assessing the significance of the project

Description of the excursion route

1st stop

The ancient village of Myshetskoye (teacher's message) (slide 2)

The ancient village of Myshetskoye is located 15 kilometers from Zelenograd near the station. Gangway.

At the beginning of the 17th century, the village was called Novo-Ozeretskoye and was a palace estate. In 1630, from the order of the Grand Palace, it was sold to Prince Efimy Fedorovich Myshetsky. Since then, the village received the name Myshetskoye, which has survived to this day. The prince had three sons. One of the sons, Yakov, was a steward, and after the death of his father he became the owner of the village. Under Jacob, in 1684, a temple was erected in Myshetskoye in the name of the Intercession of the Most Holy Theotokos. The temple has not survived to this day; it was dismantled into bricks in 1941. But what it was like can be imagined from the drawings of students of the architectural institute who had an internship in Myshetskoye before the war. The temple was built in the early Baroque style and had the shape of a single-headed cube. Now, on the site of the destroyed temple, a new tented church in the neo-Russian style has been erected.

After the death of Prince Yakov Myshetsky in 1700, the village went to his daughter Nastasya, the wife of Kirill Naryshkin, a distant relative of Tsarina Natalya Kirillovna Naryshkina, mother of Peter I. The village was sold several times, it had many owners.

Myshetskoye – Davydov’s estate(slide 3)

In 1822, it was bought by the poet and partisan, hero of the Patriotic War of 1812, Major General Denis Vasilyevich Davydov.

During the Patriotic War of 1812, Denis Davydov formed the first army partisan detachment. This detachment consisted of 50 Akhtyrsky hussars and 80 Don Cossacks, whom Davydov personally selected.

Davydov believed that the partisan movement was capable of turning a “military war into a people’s war.” Davydov's detachment operated in the rear of the French army. The Akhtyr partisans received their first baptism of fire on September 2 near the village of Tokarevo, Smolensk province, having destroyed a large detachment of marauders and captured about 100 people. The detachment inflicted significant damage on the enemy army, smashing and intercepting transports with forage and provisions.

This is how L.N. Tolstoy wrote about the actions of the partisans in the novel “War and Peace”:

“Denis Davydov, with his Russian instinct, was the first to understand the meaning of this terrible weapon, which, without asking the rules of military art, destroyed the French, and he has the glory of the first step to legitimize this method of war.”

Coat of arms of the village of Myshetskoye(slide 4)

Like many villages in the Solnechnogorsk region, Myshetskoye has its own coat of arms, which was approved on August 17, 1989. The authors of the coat of arms are Konstantin and Yuri Mochenov.

The coat of arms is presented in the form of a green shield with a blue disc. On the disk is a hussar's shako, indicating that in the 19th century there was an estate in the village of the hero of the Patriotic War of 1812, Denis Dadydov. The blue disk is bordered by a wreath of laurel leaves, signifying strength, glory and memory of the soldiers who fell during the defense of Moscow in November-December 1941. A blue disk means that the village is located on the shore of Lake Krugloye. The green color of the field indicates the surroundings of the village. In the free part of the shield is the tower of the Moscow Kremlin, meaning that the village is located in the Moscow region.

2nd stop

Life in Myshetsky(slide 5)

Not far from the church was the estate of Denis Davydov, where he lived with his family from 1825 to 1832, after retiring.

In Myshetskoye, Davydov was engaged in agriculture, went hunting, raised children, wrote poetry and memoirs. In his letters, Davydov invited friends to hunt: “From morning to evening I am on a horse and scouring the mosses and swamps. Come to my Myshetskoye. Now it’s autumn, you and I will go for a walk after hares and even bears, of which there are more around me than hares.” The master's house in Myshetskoye was small, wooden, with a façade facing Lake Krugloye.

In Myshetskoye, Denis Davydov wrote the poems "Borodinsky Field", "Partisan", "Modern Song"....

Poetry by D.V. Davydov(read by students)

Elegy

Silent hills, once bloody valley!
Give me your day, the day of eternal glory,
And the noise of weapons, and the battle, and the struggle!
My sword fell from my hands. my destiny
The strong trampled. Happy people are proud
They drag me to the fields like an involuntary plowman...
Oh, throw me into battle, you, experienced in battles,
You, with your voice giving birth to the shelves
The death of enemies is a foreboding cry,
Homeric leader, the great Bagration?
Extend your hand to me, Raevsky, my hero!
Ermolov! I'm flying - lead me, I'm yours:
Oh, doomed to be the beloved son of victory,
Cover me, cover your Peruns with smoke!

But where are you?.. I’m listening... No response! From the fields
The smoke of battle fled away, the sound of swords was not heard,
And I, your pet, bowing my head at the plow,
I envy the bones of a colleague or friend.

Partisan

Fragment from an unrealized (maybe lost) autobiographical poem about the war of 1812

The battle fell silent. Night Shadow
Moscow's surroundings cover;
In the distance is Kutuzov's kuren
One sparkles like a star.
A huge army of troops is seething in the darkness,
And over burning Moscow
The crimson glow lies
An endless strip.

And rushes along a secret path
Rising from the valley of battle
A cheerful swarm of riders
For remote fishing.
Like a pack of hungry wolves,
They soar through valleys:
Now they listen to the rustle, then again
They continue to scour silently.

The boss, wearing a burka on his shoulders,
In a shaggy Kabardian hat,
Burning in the forefront
Special military fury.
Son of white-stone Moscow,
But thrown into trouble early,
He thirsts for battle and rumors,
And what will happen there - the gods are free!

We haven’t known peace for them for a long time,
Hello relatives, the maiden's gentle gaze;
His love is a bloody battle
Relatives are Don people, a friend is a reliable horse.
He's through the rapids, through the hills
Bravely carries the rider,
Then he moves his ears sensitively,
Now he snorts, now he asks for the bit.

Their leap was also noticeable
On the heights beyond the barrier Nara,
Golden by the reflection of the fire,
But soon the violent swarm rolled over the heights,
And soon his trace disappeared...
1826

About “heroic” oaks(slide 6)

After the Patriotic War of 1812, Davydov’s associates planted personalized oak trees in front of the façade of the house in a strict circle.

The modest house in Myshetskoye has not survived. But to this day, several oak trees planted by friends who took part in the War of 1812 and part of the manor park have survived. There is now a memorial plaque next to the oak trees.

On the site of the former estate there is a memorial plaque with the inscription:

Memorial place. Protected by Russian law.

Century-old oak trees planted by the hero of the Patriotic War of 1812, Russian poet Denis Vasilievich Davydov, in honor of the Victory

Contemporaries about D.V. Davydov(slide 7)

In Myshetsky, Davydov also wrote memoirs: “Military Notes”, “Diary of Partisan Actions of 1812”, “Meeting with the Great Suvorov”...

This is how Davydov wrote about himself and his meeting with the great commander in his biography: “Davydov, like all children, from his infancy had a passion for marching, throwing a gun and other military amusements. This passion received its highest direction in 1793 from the unexpected attention to him of Count Alexander Vasilyevich Suvorov, who, while inspecting the Poltava Light Horse Regiment, which was then under the command of Davydov’s parent, noticed a playful child and, blessing him, said: “You will win three battles!” The little rake threw the psalter, waved his saber, gouged out the uncle’s eye and cut off the tail of the greyhound dog, thinking thereby to fulfill the great man’s prophecy. The rod turned him to peace...”

The poet Nikolai Mikhailovich Yazykov dedicated the following lines to Denis Davydov:

Glory, sonorous and beautiful
You deserve two wreaths!
Know that Suvorov is not in vain
I crossed your chest...

“Davydov is a happy darling”?

Some contemporaries often perceived Davydov as a successful, merry fellow. But was it all just fate? For his military exploits, he was promoted to the rank of general for the fierce battle of La Rotière, which took place before the eyes of the commander of the Silesian army. Davydov's merits in this matter were well known to his superiors. And the submission was signed personally by the Prussian General Blucher, to whom Alexander I always favored and interceded.

But at the end of 1814, a few days before Christmas, an order was sent from the military department to Davydov, which announced that he “received the rank of major general by mistake,” as a result of which he was again renamed colonel.

It was a heavy and blunt blow, like a blow to the head. Davydov, no matter how hard he tried, could not understand anything, what kind of mistake could we be talking about?

Friends supported me, as always. The poet P. Vyazemsky writes:

Let the general's epaulettes
I don’t see it on your shoulders,
From which often involuntarily
The shoulders of others rise;
Not everyone can have an equal share,
And lot is not like lot!
Another, fearless in the battlefield,
Shy at the doors of nobles;
Another, shy in the midst of battle,
With the steadfastness of a hero
The nobles are besieging the door!
But don’t worry about it now!

Davydov responded to these verses as follows: “The late Prince Bagration told me more than once that there is something in the world that is above titles and awards, meaning by this human dignity. To these fair words of the unforgettable Pyotr Ivanovich I can add something of which in my painful hours I was personally convinced: above all ranks and regalia, true friendship will forever remain. And you assured me of that, my friends!..

Denis Davydov as a poet and person was appreciated by many of his contemporaries, including Zhukovsky, Bagration, General Ermolov, Griboyedov, Pushkin... Davydov had a sincere friendship with Pushkin, despite the age difference of 15 years. Pushkin not only admired the hero of the famous battles, but was also grateful to Davydov for inspiring him to create his own style, “making him feel the opportunity to be original while still at the Lyceum.” “By praising my poems, he (Pushkin) began to write better,” Davydov boasted in a letter to Prince Vyazemsky.

Vissarion Belinsky wrote about Davydov: “Denis Davydov... is remarkable both as a poet, and as a military writer, and as a writer in general, and as a warrior - not only for his exemplary courage and some kind of knightly animation, but also for his talent as a military leader, and, finally, he is remarkable as a person, as a character. He is famous in all this, because in all this he rises above the level of mediocrity and ordinaryness.”

3rd stop (Lake Krugloe)

On the way to the lake

In the time of Denis Davydov, a spruce alley led from the oak trees towards the lake; you could go down a staircase of a hundred steps to the lake itself. This alley still exists, although the spruce trees have begun to die in recent years. There are no steps either. We go down a path without steps to Lake Krugloye.

Ice Age Lake

On the southern slopes of the Klinsko-Dmitrovskaya ridge there is one of the most interesting places in the Moscow region - three lakes: Krugloye, Dolgoye and beyond the Rogachevskoe highway - Nerskoye. They are of glacial origin.

Over the long period of the Ice Age, there were many individual cold snaps and warm spells. During cold weather, the ice sheet grew in thickness and moved south. When the climate warmed, the glacier began to melt. Not every glaciation reached these places. But even those glaciers that visited here left behind significant changes. They destroyed vegetation and soil, blocked rivers, smoothed out hills, giving them soft wavy outlines.

Along with the flowing ice, huge masses of sand, clay and stones moved, which remained in place after the glacier melted and filled the former ravines. As the glacier grew and spread, its leading edge shifted the soil ahead of it, and when it melted, ridges of hills remained at its former edge. Particularly large ridges formed in those places where the path of the glacier was blocked by elevations in the relief. One of these large ridges is Klinsko-Dmitrovskaya.

Lake Krugloye appeared in the post-glacial era, when a giant glacier retreating to the north, covering the territory of the present Moscow region, brought boulders, pebbles, sands and gravel from Scandinavia and Karelia, which formed hills and ridges, between which many lakes formed. The small river Alba flows into the lake, connecting it with Lake Dolgiy, and the Meshcherikha River (the left tributary of the Klyazma) flows out of it.

Lake Krugloye is about 1 km long and wide. Its depth is about 3 m. The water in it is cold. A Neolithic Bronze Age site belonging to the Fatyanovo culture was discovered on the eastern bank - one of the oldest in the Moscow region . Copper, bronze and stone objects, jewelry and ceramics were discovered.

If we were in this same place one million years ago, then perhaps what would surprise us most of all is the forests in which we found ourselves. A variety of deciduous trees, magnolias, lianas, palms, would remind us of the subtropics. Indeed, the climate in those days was much warmer than it is now. However, since those distant times everything has changed. The glaciers that came here after the cold snap changed the contours of the hills, river beds, and “pushed” heat-loving vegetation and animals far to the south.

4th stop (Black Dirt Village)

Built by Catherine II

In 1776, 32 kilometers from Moscow, the travel palace of Catherine II was built and a postal station was opened. It is mentioned in A.N. Radishchev’s book “Journey from St. Petersburg to Moscow.” Many celebrities stayed here, including A.S. Pushkin, N.V. Gogol, A.I. Herzen.

Davydov's contribution to the fight against the epidemic

In 1830, cholera raged around Moscow. In order not to miss the epidemic, sanitary stations were created around Moscow, and barrier posts were created on the roads.

Denis Vasilyevich was one of the first to volunteer to help in the fight against cholera. He asked to be assigned to that point “that adjoins the St. Petersburg road, since here, seven miles from Black Mud, is my village of Myshetskoye, and my whole family is in it...”

Davydov, at site No. 20 under his jurisdiction, began setting up quarantine barracks, bathhouses, and guardhouses for soldiers. Moscow merchants allocated funds for this. Davydov coped with the task brilliantly: in his area the disease sharply declined, and his area was considered exemplary.

Coat of arms of the village of Black Mud

The blue color of the shield symbolizes the color of mail. The black tip is reminiscent of the name of the village. In the center of the shield there is an ancient milepost - the Moscow-Petersburg highway ran through the village, and now the Leningradskoye Highway passes through. On the sides of the post there are 2 postal horns, reminiscent of the fact that the village had the first postal station in Moscow. This is indicated by the inscription on the pillar - 32 (32 versts from Moscow). The Moscow Kremlin tower on the coat of arms means that the village is located in the Moscow region.

Significance of the project:

1. In creating a new excursion route.

2. Leads to the understanding of:

– you can find and discover the unknown very close by.

3. In realizing the connection of the historical process with the personal contribution of D. Davydov.

4. In tracing the interdisciplinary connections of history with geography and literature.

5. In the development of meta-subject skills in preparing and evaluating the information received.

6. In awakening creative activity (students prepare reports about the trip in the form of drawings, presentations, essays and speak to primary school students).

7. When students desire to learn more about the history of their native land.

Promising projects:

1. Andreevka. “Glass production - past and present” (100 m from Zelenograd).

2. Mendeleevo. “The site of primitive man. Lyalovo culture (5 km from Zelenograd).

3. Zelenograd. “Constructivism of the 60s” and “An Attempt to Create a Silicon Valley”

These excursion routes can be combined. You can additionally include the already known route to the Serednikovo estate.

Literature

1. Serebryakov G.V. Denis Davydov. Roman-newspaper No. 11-12, 1988.

2. Zadonsky N.A. Denis Davydov. Historical chronicle. M: Sovremennik, 1979.

3. Volkova N. Come to my Myshetskoye. Newspaper “Senezh” No. 23, 2010.

4 http://www.kulichki.com/gusary/istoriya/iskusstvo/poeziya/19vek/davpush.html

5. http://www.craneland.ru/?page_id=48

6. http://www.heraldicum.ru/russia/index.htm

7. http://hrammysheckoe.ru/istoriya

8. ttp://www.vidania.ru/literatura/pressa/denis_davydov_poet_geroy_vladelecl

9. http://cs622517.vk.me/v622517402/4c47f/5OH5zpt8ZAg.jpg

I remember the ancient Moscow street named after Kropotkin with noble mansions, where the heroes of the Patriotic War of 1812, the Decembrists, and Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin himself attended balls.

But my parents often called her Prechistenka when I went with them to the bakery with the aromas of freshly baked bread, saits and pies, cookies and crackers, just served on the counter.

It was located at the very beginning of the even side of the street in a large semicircular house overlooking the Boulevard Ring. During the years of the Khrushchev thaw and food shortages, I ran into a bakery in the hope of buying a box of chocolate marshmallows and a “Surprise” chocolate-waffle cake, and if I was lucky, “Assorted” sweets from the “Red October” factory. But this was not always possible... That store has been gone for a long time, and some companies took its place in the building.

Of the mansions seen then, in the early 1950s, the large two-story house with columns and wide, long steps was especially impressive. The Pobeda and Moskvich cars, famous at that time, drove up to its entrance, with buses parked next to them. It turns out that this house was bought by the poet (after the victory over Napoleon - Lieutenant General) Denis Davydov, but settled in it only a year later, after his friend and comrade-in-arms Pushkin had left Moscow. And the neighboring house located nearby belonged to the hero’s father, Colonel Vasily Davydov.

Subsequently, I often had to visit the mansion of the brave commander, the founder of the theory of Russian military partisanship, on public business. In addition to the museum, it housed the district party committee of the Leninsky district...

Let me note that the beginning of the street at the wide platform in front of the Kropotkinskaya metro station (pavilion) (at this place from 1493 to 1933 there was the Church of the Descent of the Holy Spirit) old-timers from Muscovites sometimes call it the Prechistensky Gate. The reasons for this are worthy and are associated with the name of the pious Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich. At the end of the 17th century, a nimble and capricious stream flowed here, washing away, “swarming,” its banks, for which it was christened Chertory. Along it, along the outskirts of what was then Moscow, stretched the fortress wall of the White City with gate towers. Based on the name of the stream, they were dubbed Chertorsky or Chertolsky, and the road laid from the Borovitsky Gate of the Kremlin to one of the fortresses that made up the defensive post of the capital, the Novodevichy Convent, was called Chertorye. Such names seemed inappropriate to Alexei Mikhailovich, and he ordered by decree of April 16, 1658 to name both after the Church of the Most Pure Mother of God of Smolensk in the Novodevichy Monastery, where he went on pilgrimage.

These names lasted for almost three centuries: in 1921, Prechistenka was renamed in honor of the geographer and revolutionary anarchist Peter Kropotkin, who was born and lived in one of the adjacent lanes. Only a little over 70 years later, the name established by the sovereign was returned to the street.

Prechistenka with the alleys branching off from it was one of the most aristocratic areas of Moscow. At the end of the 18th - beginning of the 19th century it was built up with large urban estates and mansions. Not a single street in the capital has so many monuments from the era of classicism.

Some houses from the pre-Petrine era have also survived. In buildings destined for demolition in the mid-1970s, restoration architects discovered boyar chambers from the late 17th century. Now they, called the White Chambers, host exhibitions.

Route length: 2 km.
Type: Walking
Start: metro station Kropotkinskaya
End: metro Park Kultury

* Comments: 1
Posted by: Natasha
Thank you. I'll definitely go there.

P.S. I don’t know if Natasha visited there, and, strictly speaking, I don’t know Natasha, but I visited the House of Scientists - on Prechistenka, 16 - quite often. At film screenings and exhibitions, during daytime music subscriptions, and even at the buffet, people sometimes sat until the evening concerts with a cup of coffee and cognac and pleasant conversationalists. There is a surprisingly cozy, intimate atmosphere and an invariably pleasant, after a while already recognizable, audience...

History of the House of Scientists

Summer garden in front of the mansion of A.I. Konshina. Early 20th century photography
Among the noble nests

Moscow House of Scientists. To the 80th anniversary of its founding

I remember from childhood this strange building, seemingly consisting of two fused ones, reminiscent of architectural Siamese twins, on what was then Kropotkinskaya Street behind a green stone fence and openwork metal gates decorated with typical Moscow lions. There, from a completely banal wardrobe, one could turn left and go through an ordinary door, and suddenly, the Soviet asceticism of a boring public place was abruptly replaced by the unusual luxury of a lordly mansion. The white marble staircase, curving, led to the second floor to a suite of charming halls - White, Blue, then, it seems, to the living room, etc. Antique paintings on the walls, porcelain vases and bronze lamps under cozy, warm lampshades, Empire furniture - and all this in the harsh post-war Moscow amazed us, the children of the Arbat communal apartments.

Main staircase. Early 20th century photography
Among the noble nests

Mansion of A.I. Konshina. Hall on the second floor. Early 20th century photography

Mansion of A.I. Konshina. Interior of the Winter Garden. Early 20th century photography

Mansion of A.I. Konshina. Dining room. Early 20th century photography
And opposite the mentioned enfilade there was, and still is, the most amazing hall of this mansion. On the doors it was laconically written - “dining room”, and behind them the space of the hall itself opened up, as it should be for any Soviet catering outlet, lined with ordinary tables, often covered with stale tablecloths with all kinds of salt shakers, pepper shakers, etc. But you entered there and within a minute you did not notice either the chewing scientists (and we are talking about the Moscow House of Scientists, and therefore only those who were classified as part of this undefined class had the right to eat here), or the Soviet dining environment. White marble columns, a charming portico with a bay window, to which you had to climb several marble steps, and, of course, a huge glass miracle wall dividing the luxurious hall into two unequal parts - the former lordly dining room and the winter garden. The wonderful proportions of this hall were, as it were, emphasized by a crystal barrier, which in no natural way, according to our childish understanding, could not end up where it was - for glass of that size could not fit through either the windows or the doors. And only much later did I learn that the architect A.O. Gunst, who built the mansion in 1910, ordered this huge glass in Italy and installed it here during construction. But how did they manage to deliver it from Italy safe and sound at the beginning of the last century? I still can't understand. These were the first, external, of course, impressions of the House of Scientists.

(c) V. Enisherlov

Restaurant "Golden" House of Scientists

Interiors

The former winter garden is now a canteen for scientists

Winter Garden - dining room for scientists, general view

fragment of the Winter Garden ceiling

office of the last owner of the mansion, manufacturer Alexei Putilov

fragment of the ceiling of the House of Scientists

stucco on the walls

main staircase to the second floor

ceiling fragment

Second floor hall

Princess Gagarina's bedroom
Secrets of the House of Scientists. 22-10-2006

The house of scientists stands exactly in the middle of Prechistenka.
It was built in 1807 and until 1917 it had seven owners.
One was more noble than the other.

Each new owner updated the apartment according to his taste and lifestyle.
Not only the interiors changed, but also the circle of visitors.
As a result, almost all significant figures in Russian history since the beginning of the 19th century have visited this house.
The first owner of the mansion was the Moscow military governor Ivan Arkharov.
In 1818, the house passed to the Tsar’s relatives, the Naryshkins.
After her wedding to Alexander Pushkin on February 18, 1831, Natalya Goncharova went to visit her uncle Ivan Naryshkin on Prechistenka.
The next owner of the mansion was Musin-Pushkin.
His nephew Mikhail sat with Nikolai Gogol more than once in the fireplace room.
From the Musins-Pushkins the house passes to Princess Gagarina, then to the Trubetskoy princes.
In 1865, Trubetskoy’s mansion was acquired by the Konshina factory owners, who began redeveloping it.
A winter garden appears in the house, now a dining room for scientists.
In 1916, the mansion was bought by the actual state councilor Alexey Putilov.

In 1922, Gorky suggested to Lenin that he create a club of scientists here.
Its first director was Nikolai Semashko, People's Commissar of Health of the RSFSR.
Bernard Shaw, Lion Feuchtwanger, Romain Roland, John Priestley, Rabindranath Tagore visited Semashko on Prechistenka.
Isadora Duncan's ballet studio was also located here.
The second director of the House was Gorky’s wife, Moscow Art Theater actress and revolutionary Maria Andreeva, whom Lenin called “Comrade Phenomenon.”
By the early 90s, the House of Scientists fell into complete disrepair.
In 1992, retired colonel Viktor Shkarovsky became its director, who saved the building by restoring the stucco molding with his own hands, restored it from old photographs, painted pictures, restored and saved the building from destruction.

* In the photo - Viktor Shkarovsky near his own painting

Mansion of A.I. Konshina (now the House of Scientists). Early 20th century photography

The elegant estate of D.V. Davydov embodied the main features of the Moscow noble house of the 18th-19th centuries. Located in a traditionally aristocratic area of ​​Moscow, surrounded by mansions that belonged to the Lopukhin, Dolgoruky, Tuchkov, and Vsevolozhsky families. In the second half of the 18th century. the estate covered an entire block, including the garden, main house and outbuildings. It was built, like most Moscow manor houses, on the basis of more ancient chambers dating back to the first half of the 18th century. In the 1770s, when the estate belonged to the Moscow police chief N.P. Arkharov, the main building was rebuilt in the forms of early classicism. After the fire of 1812, the house was rebuilt with the addition of a mezzanine. Subsequently, it was completed several times, but the central part retained the main features of the Moscow Empire style. In 1835-37 the estate belonged to the hero of the Patriotic War of 1812, poet Denis Davydov, whose name determined its name. A.S. visited Davydov in this house. Pushkin. Later, a girls' gymnasium was located in the estate. During Soviet times, the house was occupied by the district party committee. Currently, the estate belongs to the I. Kobzon Center for Variety Arts.

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Under spells about the terrorist threat, Moscow is turning into a cluster of closed areas surrounded by fences. If this continues, we will soon begin to move around the city only along inter-block “communication routes”. And the rest of the living space will turn into “regime zones.” The authorities, as usual, were the first to become concerned about their safety. “Muscovites are creeping into our alleys”
A year and a half ago, the public urban planning council under the mayor of Moscow was asked to approve... a new fence. No kidding. The project proposals were signed by the head of Mosproekt-2, Mikhail Posokhin. The fence, based on the fence of the Summer Garden, stretched on tablets around the Old Square, from Varvarka up along the Ilyinka, skirting the crest of the medieval Kitai-Gorod hill with ancient churches.
“You can’t imagine how insolent these Muscovites have become,” the FSO major commented on the idea. - They climb into our alleys, shit and litter. And we have to work there. We asked Mosproekt-2 to protect the places where we work with artistic fences.
Judging by these words, somewhere “at the top” there were plans to decorate other places with fences, and the public was shown only part of the large program.
But the lobbyist for the project placed the emphasis incorrectly. It was one thing when, under Brezhnev, the complex of the CPSU Central Committee was fenced off in the very center of Moscow, and quite another thing to add to this the entire Old Square in our time.
- Comrade Major was mistaken. These are not your lanes, but ours,” retorts art critic Alexey Klimenko. - And you are service personnel, like waiters.
As a result, the global idea of ​​fencing was then abandoned. But there was no point in deluding ourselves.

Kitay-gorod: step left, step right - escape
- Try today to walk along the alleys between the old Gostiny Dvor and the Old Square (between Ilyinka and Varvarka). Previously, the owner here was the CPSU Central Committee, now it is the Presidential Administration, Governor Gromov and his regional government, but nothing has changed. Everywhere you go there are guard booths, everywhere entry is prohibited. A step to the left, a step to the right is regarded as an escape. You go and wait for them to “take you by the collar,” Alexey Klimenko is indignant. - Would you like to see the old Mint - a famous cultural monument right next to Red Square, opposite the main entrance to the Historical Museum? But you can only inspect blind gates with a combination lock. The Printing Yard on Nikolskaya, 15 is the first building built in Moscow after the Napoleonic invasion, the house of the Moscow Synodal Printing House with the famous tower in the courtyard is a thing in itself, it is impossible to see it. Or take the ancient Zaikonospassky Monastery, where the Slavic-Greek-Latin Academy was located. A gate was hung at the entrance to the territory. They are locked at night, and during the day a guard at the booth keeps order. If you take a few steps, you will see a fence and another booth with a guard. Who are they protecting?

Green “zones”
In the historical center, a relatively new stage of general “fencing” is actively taking place: green areas - courtyards and gardens - that were previously publicly accessible are being cut off from “strangers”.
“The first thing the new tenant of the Dolgoruky-Chertkov Palace at 7 Myasnitskaya did was to fence off the sunken courtyard in front of the façade with a forged metal lattice,” says restoration architect and expert on old Moscow Gennady Kholmanskikh. - Previously, the courtyard was a favorite place to relax. On this section of Myasnitskaya there is blockaded, house-to-house construction, and there is nowhere else to go.

In the park of the house-palace of the hero of the Patriotic War Denis Davydov on Prechistenka, 17, in those days when the district party committee was located there, it was allowed to walk with strollers and relax on the benches. Now a large holding company has registered in the building, the square is firmly blocked from “strangers” by a fence, and there is a trampler with a walkie-talkie walking around the gate.

The world of the Russian intelligentsia. Prechistenka and Ostozhenka

In the Durasovs’ estate “Lublino”, the historical palace itself was behind bars. It was restored with taxpayers' money, and then isolated from society (apparently, at the request of future tenants). At the same time, a fair part of the park was fenced off.
Examples of the destruction of urban space can be continued endlessly.
“Everything is heading to the point that every capital cricket will have access to its own zone, but none of us will get into someone else’s,” sums up Gennady Kholmanskikh. - And Moscow will turn into a closed administrative-territorial entity (abbreviated as ZATO). This was the name of our secret cities not shown on maps.

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“Let it be: since there is a social revolution, there is no need to drown it. But I ask: why, when this whole story began, did everyone start walking up the marble stairs in dirty galoshes and felt boots? Why do galoshes still need to be locked? And also to assign a soldier to them so that someone doesn’t steal them? Why was the carpet removed from the main staircase? Does Karl Marx prohibit carpets on stairs? Does it say somewhere in Karl Marx that the 2nd entrance of the Kalabukhov house on Prechistenka should you board it up and walk around through the back yard? Who needs it? Why can’t the proletarian leave his galoshes downstairs, but dirty the marble?”

M. A. Bulgakov, “Heart of a Dog”

The main two-story house with a mezzanine, located at the back of the plot and oriented towards Prechistenka, was built in the 1750s, and in the 1780s. on both sides there are two-story outbuildings attached to it, forming a front courtyard along Prechistenka.

The property was established within its modern boundaries in 1750 by Prince M.I. Shakhovsky: having inherited a small plot of land on the corner of Prechistenka and modern Sechenovsky Lane, Mikhail Shakhovsky expanded the boundaries of the site in several stages by buying up neighboring properties.
Plot on the corner of Sechensky lane. and Prechistenki also belonged to the father of M.I. Shakhovsky, Ivan Perfilyevich Shakhovsky (1636–1716). The formation of the site took M.I. Shakhovsky just over fifteen years. The purchase of two plots (from the widow of the palace solicitor I.F. Zveretinov in 1733 and from Prime Major Ivan Ogolin in 1737) made it possible to expand the property to the line of modern Sechenovsky Lane. In 1745, Shakhovsky’s property occupied the entire width of the block along Prechistenka between two lanes and in 1750 the property acquired its final boundaries, which exist to this day without changes.

The first plan of the estate dates back to 1758. The main building - residential stone chambers - was placed in the depths of the site, parallel to Prechistenka. The main house of the estate was an elongated rectangle with four asymmetrically located projection projections at the corners. The length of the building along the front facade was about 18 fathoms. Residential wooden buildings were adjacent to the house.
After the death of M.I. Shakhovsky in 1762, ownership passed to State Councilor A.I. Zatrapezny, the owner of Yaroslavl manufactories.

At the end of the 1770s. the estate was pledged to the Moscow magistrate, from where it was bought at auction in 1779 by the Moscow Chief of Police, Lieutenant General N.P. Arkharov, the brother of I.P. Arkharov, the owner of house No. 16. He demolishes all the wooden residential and utility buildings along the perimeter of the site and in 1780 lays two stone one-story outbuildings adjacent to the main house and facing Prechistenka.

Subordinate to N.P. Arkharov there was a police regiment that kept the entire city in fear. Apparently, this is where the word “Arkharovets” came from, in the sense of a robber, a thug. N.P. Arkharov gained fame as a legendary detective; even in Paris they knew about his police talent. In 1782–1784 he was the civil governor of Moscow.

In 1781, N.P. Arkharov sold the estate to Major General Gavrila Ilyich Bibikov, in whose family the estate remained until 1833. In 1789, G.I. Bibikov demolished two park pavilions and shifted the garden along the line of Barykovsky Lane. He built a wooden pavilion in the garden.
Bibikov was a great music lover; there were concerts and balls in the house. In 1831, Pushkin danced here at one of the balls. The owner's son was a member of the Welfare Union.

During the fire in 1812, all the main stone volumes were preserved. In 1815, the main house was built with a stone mezzanine, and the stone wings of the front yard were restored exactly within the old main walls.

In 1835, the Davydovs and their three children settled in a mansion on Prechistenka. The wings of the front yard were completely built to two floors. During this period, the architectural, artistic and compositional structure of the estate reached its heyday.

Denis Vasilyevich Davydov - lieutenant general, poet-hussar. Here he was visited by E. A. Baratynsky, N. M. Yazykov, I. I. Dmitriev. However, it was difficult to maintain such a house, and already the next year Davydov wrote to the director of the Commission for the Construction of Moscow, A. A. Bashilov, a comic “Petition” (published in the third issue of Pushkin’s Sovremennik):

“Help me sell it to the treasury
A rich house for a hundred thousand,
Majestic chambers,
My Prechistensky Palace.

It’s too small for a partisan:
Hurricane's companion
I love, Cossack fighter,
A house without windows, without porches,

Without doors and brick walls,
House of limitless revelry
And daring raids,
Where can I have my guests?

Treat with buckshot in the ear,
A bullet to the forehead, or a pike to the belly.
Friend! This is my true home;
He is everywhere - but it’s boring in him,

There are no guests for refreshments...
I'll wait... Until then
Delve into the grief of the Cossack
And respect his prayer!”

After this, the estate changed many owners. Already in 1841, the “Prechistensky Palace” was listed as the property of Baroness E.D. Rosen, who ordered the left wing to be turned over to a bread shop, and the right wing to a locksmith, saddlery and tailoring establishment. In 1861, in the same right wing there was one of the first photographs in Moscow - “the artist of the Imperial Academy of Photographer I. Ya. Krasnitsky.”

In 1874, according to the design of the architect A. L. Ober, major construction work was carried out with the goal of increasing the profitability of the property. The wings of the front yard of different heights were built to two floors with the simultaneous replacement of floors, stoves and roofing.

Later, S. A. Arsenyeva’s girls’ gymnasium was located in the manor house. Sofya Aleksandrovna Arsenyeva was the daughter of the architect A.L. Vitberg, the author of the unrealized project of the Cathedral of Christ the Savior on Sparrow Hills. Maria Ermolova’s sister A.N. Sheremetevskaya taught here. “If families had both daughters and sons, then parents often sent their sons to Polivanovskaya, and their daughters to the neighboring Arsenyevskaya gymnasium. The students of these two gymnasiums knew each other well, and the same teachers taught there, who sometimes played the role of carrier pigeons, without their own knowledge carrying romantic notes from high school boys and girls in their pockets.”

At the end of the 1870s, after a private gymnasium was located in the main building, the enfilade layout of the second floor and the premises of the first floor of the main house were adapted to the set of premises required by the private gymnasium-boarding school.

After the revolution, the women's gymnasium was transformed into seven-year school No. 12. The memorial plaque to Denis Davydov disappeared in an unknown direction.
In 1931, the school was replaced by the Workers' University, which was located in the building for about 2 years.

In 1970, in order to expand the usable areas, the end wall of the architectural monument (from Sechensky Lane) was dismantled and a two-story building was built along the red line of the lane.
At the end of the 1990s. the main house was transferred to the use of the Specialized State Unitary Enterprise for the sale of state and municipal property of Moscow. Subsequently, the main house and two front wings came under the jurisdiction of the Interregional Foundation for Presidential Programs.

In 2001-2002 A large-scale reconstruction and restoration of the building is taking place. The basis is the Planned (restoration) task and the “Complex project for repair and restoration work” developed by LLC “TIAMAT-project” on the basis of this task.
According to the project, wooden stairs, floors, and mezzanines were replaced; windows and doors replaced; new walls and partitions were erected; the building's load-bearing structures have been strengthened; the facades and interiors of individual premises were restored; the fence and gates have been restored.

Now the palace is occupied by AFK Sistema.

Object of cultural heritage of federal significance.

And yet, Prechistenka in the 18th century became a kind of “Saint-Germain” suburb of Moscow, where in the labyrinth of clean, calm streets and winding alleys lived the old Moscow nobility, whose famous names are often mentioned in Russian history before Peter I. There were the estates of the Vsevolozhsky, Vyazemsky , Arkharovs, Dolgorukys, Lopukhins, Bibikovs, Davydovs, Counts Orlovs, as well as Gagarins, Goncharovs, Turgenevs, whose names we find in books on the history of Russia and numerous memoirs of contemporaries.

This photo shows Prechistenka. Postcard ed. "Scherer, Nabholz and Co." 1902.
In the foreground on the left is Lopukhina’s house (early 19th century, architect D.G. Grigoriev). A fire tower is visible in the background on the right. On the right is the fence of our house.

Although modern studies claim that the building that has survived to this day is based on chambers from the early 18th century, the authors do not provide documentary information about the owners.

At the end of the 18th century and until 1818, it was owned by Ivan Petrovich Arkharov.


The younger brother of the Moscow Chief of Police Nikolai Petrovich Arkharov, whose house is located almost opposite on Prechistenka (later Denis Davydov lived there).
He was married to Princess Ekaterina Alexandrovna Rimskaya-Korsakova, a second cousin of Elizaveta Petrovna Yankova.

They were very friendly with my sister. Elder sister E.A. Arkharova took her second cousins ​​with her daughters out into the world, since the sisters were left without a mother by that time.
Shortly before the Napoleonic invasion, the Yankovs bought a house opposite the Arkharovs and visited them often. In my grandmother’s memoirs, every now and then I come across “I saw him at the Arkharovs, my girls learned to dance at the Arkharovs,” etc.

But let's return to Ivan Petrovich Arkharov. He owed his career to his brother - at that time the St. Petersburg Governor-General N.P. Arkharov, who, in a conversation with Emperor Paul I, somehow chose the right moment to patronize his brother. Ivan Petrovich was immediately demanded to St. Petersburg, promoted to infantry general, awarded the Order of St. Anna, first degree, and a thousand souls of serfs.

With the help of the Prussian Colonel Hesse, appointed by the emperor as a parade major to help Ivan Arkharov, the new military governor formed a regiment from desperate brave men, welded together by harsh discipline, which Muscovites feared like fire. It’s not for nothing that the word “Arkharovets” has become a household word.

One of the best experts on the everyday history of the 18th century, S.N. Shubinsky, wrote: “Arkharov lived in Moscow as a great gentleman. His house on Prechistenka was open to all his acquaintances both morning and evening. Every day at least forty people dined with them, and on Sundays they held balls, which brought together all the best Moscow society; in the vast courtyard, no matter how large it was, sometimes the carriages of the arriving guests did not fit.

Widespread hospitality soon made the Arkharovs’ house one of the most pleasant in Moscow...”

Ivan Arkharov successfully reigned as governor for two years, when suddenly his career was interrupted by an anecdotal incident caused by his brother’s excessive zeal to please the emperor. While Pavel, after the coronation, went to inspect the Lithuanian provinces, Nikolai Arkharov decided to give him a surprise. Knowing the emperor’s love for “the aesthetics of barriers and police boxes,” he ordered all St. Petersburg residents to immediately paint the gates of their houses and fences with stripes of black, orange and white paint. Unforeseen urgent and large expenses caused discontent among the residents, and the governor’s “surprise” had a strong, but completely opposite to the expected effect on the emperor. Astonished upon entering the capital by the mass of buildings painted in a monotonous pattern, he asked what this absurd fantasy meant? They answered that “the police forced the inhabitants to immediately carry out the will of the monarch.”

So am I a fool to give such commands? - Pavel I exclaimed angrily.

Nikolai Arkharov was ordered to immediately leave St. Petersburg and never appear before the monarch again. Soon the turn of the Moscow brother came. On April 23, 1800, an order was given to dismiss both Arkharovs from service, and the next day the emperor sent an order to the Moscow governor-general: “Upon receipt of this, I command you to announce my order to the brothers generals from the infantry Arkharovs to leave Moscow immediately to their villages in Tambov, where they will live from now on until commanded.”

The link did not last long. After the assassination of Paul I and the accession of Alexander I to the throne, Ivan Arkharov settled in his house, which was still open to everyone.
Widespread hospitality made Arkharov's house one of the most pleasant in Moscow, which was especially facilitated by Ivan Petrovich's wife.

V.L. Borovikovsky. Portrait of E.A. Arkharova.1820
“Ekaterina Aleksandrovna Arkharova was majestic and knew how to behave in people properly, or, as you now say, with dignity. I will always say that if I know how to enter and sit down properly, then I owe it to her. ...
She had two daughters: the eldest, Sofya Ivanovna, was married to Count Alexander Ivanovich Sollogub and the youngest, Alexandra Ivanovna, was married to Alexei Vasilyevich Vasilchikov." (Yankova)
After the Patriotic War and the death of her husband, Ekaterina Alexandrovna lived in St. Petersburg in the family of her youngest daughter Vasilchikova, spending the summer in Pavlovsk. Arkharova enjoyed universal respect: on her birthday (July 12) and name day, everyone came to congratulate her; Every year on July 12, Empress Maria Feodorovna honored her with a visit. E.A.’s requests and petitions were not refused, and the honor of “old woman Arkharova” was accepted by her as something due, rightfully hers.

Prechistenka was heavily burned in the fire of 1812.
This horror of post-fire Prechistenka is well described by the same Yankova:
“For a long time I could not decide to visit Prechistenka and look at the place where our house was. ... I saw a completely empty burnt-out place. ...
Across the lane from us, down to the Prechistensky Gate, was the house of the Arkharovs, opposite them the house of Lopukhin and then another large stone house of the Vsevolozhskys; they all burned out. ... and many other houses along Prechistenka almost all the way to Zubov, where the boulevard is now. - it all burned down. Only N.I.’s house survived. Khitrova."

So this ashes were bought by Prince Ivan Alexandrovich Naryshkin in 1818.

As you know, the Naryshkins were modest nobles descended from the Crimean Tatars. They rose to prominence thanks to the marriage of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich to Natalya Naryshkina, who became the mother of Peter the Great. This made them, the king's relatives, large landowners and nobles.
E.P. Yankova characterized her new neighbor this way: “Ivan Alexandrovich was over fifty years old; He was small in stature, a thin and pretty man, very polite in his manners and a big shuffler. His hair was very sparse, he cut it short and in a special manner that suited him very well; He was a big hunter of rings and wore very large diamonds. He was a chamberlain and chief master of ceremonies." He was married to Ekaterina Alexandrovna Stroganova.

Artist Jean Louis Veil, 1787
She was the daughter of the actual secret adviser to Baron Alexander Nikolaevich Stroganov (1740-1789) from his marriage to Elizaveta Alexandrovna Zagryazhskaya (1745-1831). By birth she belonged to the highest nobility of the capital. Since her mother was Zagryazhskaya, she was a cousin of Natalya Ivanovna Goncharova, mother-in-law of A.S. Pushkin.
“From her mother, Ekaterina Alexandrovna inherited the beauty and representative appearance that distinguished her. Tall, slightly plump, with blue, somewhat bulging, myopic eyes, with a bold and open expression on her face. “... prominent in herself, but in contrast to her husband, uncommunicative.”( Yankova)

Having the highest court positions, but flighty and frivolous by nature, I.A. Naryshkin loved to live well and in a short time upset his and his wife’s fortunes. Because of his carelessness and excessive gullibility, he also lost the favor of the Court. The Frenchwoman Mrs. Vertel, who owned a workshop of ladies' dresses and enjoyed the patronage of I.A. Naryshkin, was involved in smuggling, through the diplomatic bag of one of the foreign embassies, various fashionable goods for her store. This story caused a lot of trouble for Naryshkin and led to his resignation. The family had to move to Moscow.

The Naryshkins had three sons and two daughters. Elizaveta Ivanovna - maid of honor

Artist Tropinin.
She never got married. As Yankova wrote about her, “then she became very plump and remained an old maid, and for her portliness she earned the name “Fat Lisa.”
And Varvara Ivanovna

Artist E. Vigée-Lebrun.
married to Sergei Petrovich Neklyudov (cousin of the Rimsky-Korsakovs)

“The eldest of the sons, Alexander Ivanovich, was a prominent and handsome young officer who showed great promise to his parents, with a lively and hot-tempered character: he had a quarrel with Count Fyodor Ivanovich Tolstoy (American), who challenged him to a duel and killed him. This was a year after two or three before the age of 12...
The other two sons were both married: the eldest Grigory, to the widow of Alexei Ivanovich Mukhanov, Anna Vasilievna, who in herself was Princess Meshcherskaya. They had a son and several daughters...
The youngest son, Alexey Ivanovich, was married to the daughter of our neighbors the Khrushchovs, Elizaveta Alexandrovna; he was, they said, a great original; had no children."

Life in the Naryshkins’ house was close to what it was here under the Arkharovs. But the Naryshkins stood higher in rank than the Arkharovs: in addition to the fact that they were relatives of the tsar, Naryshkin’s wife boasted that she was a relative of the Golitsyns and their daughter was a maid of honor. Therefore, the style in the Naryshkins’ house was somewhat different from Arkharov’s - everything here was richer, more refined.

Ivan Alexandrovich was the uncle of Natalia Nikolaevna Goncharova (by his wife, as I wrote above) and was the father of the bride at the wedding with Pushkin, which took place on February 18, 1831 in the chapel of the still unfinished Great Ascension Church at the Nikitsky Gate. Naturally, the poet visited the Naryshkins more than once in their house on Prechistenka.

Naryshkin's nephew Mikhail Mikhailovich Naryshkin, colonel of the Tarutino regiment, was a participant in the Decembrist uprising and was sentenced to 8 years of hard labor. After serving hard labor and partly exile, Mikhail Mikhailovich settled in a village in the Tula province and illegally visited Prechistenka, with his relative Musin-Pushkin, to whom the house was transferred from the Naryshkins.

Here, in the house of Musin-Pushkin, Mikhail Mikhailovich Naryshkin was visited by Nikolai Vasilyevich Gogol, who was then working on the second volume of “Dead Souls” and was interested in the activities of the Decembrists in connection with the topic of Tentetnikov’s exile to Siberia and Ulinka’s move to him.

Later, the house passed to Princess Gagarina, then to the Trubetskoy princes.

In 1865, the estate was purchased from the Trubetskoys in the name of his wife Alexandra Ivanovna Konshina (née Ignatova, 1838-1914) by millionaire manufacturer Ivan Konshin, who belonged to an old family of Serpukhov townspeople who produced linen and canvas back in the 18th century. By the beginning of the 19th century, their manufactory included weaving (1,400 hand mills) and calico printing (200 printed tables) production. More than two thousand people were employed in the manufactory and in the villages where peasants were engaged in weaving.

In the 1840s, Nikolai Konshin significantly expanded production by building a dyehouse and equipping the spinning mill with a steam engine. In 1853, his brother Ivan Maksimovich inherited the spinning and weaving departments. And six years later, the sons of N.M. Konshin, Nikolai Nikolaevich and Maxim Nikolaevich, formed the Trading House “Nikolai Konshin’s Sons” to operate a calico printing establishment, which was converted to machine traction.

The Konshins and their guests on the porch of Alexandra Ivanovna Konshina’s dacha in Bor near Serpukhov. August 15, 1895
In 1882, on the occasion of the 200th anniversary of textile enterprises, the Konshin family was elevated to hereditary nobility “in reward for their services in the field of domestic industry.” I.N. Konshin died in 1898, childless. He left his entire huge fortune, exceeding 10 million rubles, to his wife, Alexandra Ivanovna. She liquidated her husband's industrial enterprise, selling the factory to his brothers, and began to live alone in her house. “Konshina had no children. She was a lonely woman, uncommunicative, unsociable, distrustful of her relatives, even alienated from them. She lived surrounded by an incredible number of cats, the only person who was close to her was a nun-companion; The house was managed by a certain Alexander Vasilyevich, an Old Believer. All cases were in charge of lawyer Alexander Fedorovich Deryuzhinsky" (A.F. Rodin)

The Konshins and their guests on the porch of Alexandra Ivanovna Konshina’s dacha in Bor near Serpukhov
The Konshins rebuilt the mansion for the first time in 1867.

In 1910, the mansion was rebuilt by the architect Gunst, after which the house of 72-year-old Konshina turned into one of the most luxurious mansions in Moscow.
The choice fell on the talented Moscow architect and artist not by chance. Gunst, who graduated from the Moscow School of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture in 1898, was in the prime of his creative powers and was already known for his major works: together with L.N. Benois, he erected the monumental building of the First Russian Insurance Company on the corner of Bolshaya Lubyanka and Kuznetsky Most, designed fashionable mansions on Pogodinskaya and 1st Meshchanskaya streets. Gunst's reputation in the art world was strengthened by his founding of the Fine Arts Classes, which were taught by the architect Fyodor Shekhtel, artists Isaac Levitan, Nikolai Krymov, sculptor Sergei Volnukhin and other famous artists. Anatoly Osipovich was comprehensively gifted. He was interested not only in painting, but also in artistic photography (his works were awarded prizes at the World Exhibition in Paris), and was his own man in the theater world.

After perestroika, the cost of ownership was estimated at 193,193 rubles, including a two-story mansion - 92,802 rubles. There were 15 rooms on the first and second floors. On the second floor were the front rooms, as well as the hostess's rooms and 2 rooms for her servants. The total area of ​​each floor was about 800 square meters. meters.
Alexandra Ivanovna Konshina is liquidating an industrial enterprise, selling the factory to her husband’s brothers, but she lives here in her own house.

One of the involuntary questions that arises regarding the reconstruction of this building is: why Alexandra Ivanovna Konshina, being at such an old age (she was 77 years old), is rebuilding this luxurious building for herself.



The following assumption is very plausible; the house, built in 1867, could hardly have dilapidated in 40 years, although it had cracked on the side of Dead Lane, but Deryuzhinsky, her confidant, invites the famous Moscow architect Anatoly Ottovich Gunst and orders him to destroy the old house and build a new one, but the previous plan.



Gunst designed the mansion on a grand scale, without skimping on funds. Thanks to this, his creation rightfully took its place among the most luxurious buildings that marked the beginning of the 20th century in Moscow. The architect tactfully preserved the clear proportionality of the volume of the building - a successful example of neoclassicism.

The main façade is accented by six flat pilasters of the Ionic order and a pediment. However, in the small decorative stucco molding of the frieze and window frames, the influence of eclecticism can be traced. The house opens onto a garden with a gazebo, enclosed on the street side by a high stone fence with arched niches, balustrades and vases at the top. The pylons of the front gate are decorated with sculptures of lions.

On the side of the alley there is a bas-relief panel in the Art Nouveau style on the wall of the mansion.


The most impressive are the interiors of the house, in the creation of which the architect showed himself to be a great master.

Particularly luxurious is the Winter Garden (now the formal dining room) with a glazed bay window and a skylight, the impressively decorated volume of which was built in from the courtyard.

The marble was ordered from Italy, the bronze jewelry from Paris. The huge glass was also ordered from Italy. He was transported to Moscow in a specially equipped carriage. It was possible to insert this “unique” into the place prepared for it only during the construction process.

The marble sculptures were received from Paris - which is marked on the sculptures.

Realizing well that it is not easy to surprise the jaded Moscow public, Alexandra Ivanovna chose the style of classical luxury.

Rich stucco ceilings, fancy chandeliers, amazing parquet flooring (still preserved in some rooms) - all this gave the pious widow a feeling of celebration in the last four years of her life.

The ballroom was separated from the music salon by a colonnade, and in this way it was possible to organize real large concerts. For those who like to smoke, “men’s rooms” were set up with comfortable sofas and dim lighting.

Konshina's house was filled with all sorts of modern equipment - water supply and sewerage, and even a special system of exhaust vacuum cleaners through the ventilation holes. These new home furnishings were a draw for numerous guests. The bathroom was designed with style (plumbing, according to tradition, was brought from England) - like in other rich mansions, there was a special device for heating the sheets, which were wrapped in after water procedures.

Bronze jewelry was brought from Paris, glass and marble, sculptures from Italy, electrical equipment from Britain. The consecration of the mansion took place on the name day of the owner, April 23, 1910.

A.I. Konshina was an Old Believers; at her house they always kept an open table for wanderers, visiting Old Believers, and beggars. Treating directly in the dining room, Konshina, before the meal, invited everyone to the house prayer room, which was next to the dining room.