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The procedure and rules for connecting ouzo |
The means of protection against leaks is a special equipment protection device or abbreviated. The device triggers the protection, prevents the leakage current from reaching a dangerous value and is the main means of protecting a person from electric shock. For comprehensive protection of equipment, they are used together with. According to the currently accepted standards, RCDs are mandatory for installation in the power supply network, regardless of the purpose of these networks. How does it workThe RCD works on the principle of comparing two currents that flow through a protective device. In this case, the current at the input of the device and the current at the output are compared. If these values differ, then a protective operation of the device occurs. To check the operability of the device, the test button is used, when pressed, a trial operation occurs, by which you can determine the protection status. How to choose and not make a mistakeRegardless of the purpose, the devices are selected according to the following parameters:
According to the number of connected phases, they are divided into two-pole and four-pole. Single-pole for a 220 V network, three-pole for 380 V. In houses and private households, due to the use of a single-phase network, single-pole RCDs are used. To select a protection device, it is necessary to determine its purpose. According to the purpose, it can be divided into the following types:
Electronic RCDs are more affordable, but have drawbacks in operation in the form of failure when one of the phases fails Connection rulesWhen connecting an RCD, you must follow the following rules:
When corrosion centers appear, in an environment with high humidity, leakage through oxides will cause constant protection trips. Connection orderIt is important to remember that all work with RCDs in the electrical panel is carried out with the power off. The installation process can be divided into 5 steps:
Mistakes often occur during installation. The most common of them:
Wiring diagram "introductory machine"Currently, as a rule, three-wire house networks with protective earth are used. The central circuit breaker is installed first in the circuit. Behind it, the electricity meter is turned on and only after it comes the RCD. According to well-known rules, the RCD rating exceeds the ratings of automatic load breakers by an order of magnitude. With such a scheme, it is important to ensure the correct connection of the neutral and phase wires.
The disadvantage of the scheme is:
The disadvantages of this scheme are eliminated by parallelizing consumer groups and installing an additional RCD. Connection to a three-phase network with grounding according to the "separate machine" schemeThe electrical circuit of a large residential facility implies the presence of a variety of energy consumers. For appliances such as a powerful refrigerator, washing machine, oven, a separate RCD is required. This is necessary to protect a particular device and maintain the performance of others that are not related to it. The safest switching circuit is a three-wire circuit with grounding, and using a selective four-pole RCD, it becomes possible to connect to a three-phase industrial network. With this scheme, protection against damage to the circuit insulation and from leakage is also provided. Advantages of the "separate machine" scheme:
Disadvantages of the "separate machine" scheme:
The power supply circuit from a single-phase source is practically equal in functionality to the previous circuit. In it, you can abandon the selective RCD and thereby reduce the cost, but the load capacity of this network will be much less. Scheme of connecting the RCD to a three-phase network Connection diagram without protective earthNot everywhere and not always the power supply networks are equipped with protective grounding. Often in private households built a long time ago, wiring is done without the possibility of grounding. In this case, the installation of an RCD is not only desirable, but also necessary for the safety of residents. How will the device behave without grounding? In order for the RCD to perform its functions, the zero bus must be connected to the wire coming from the power input. In this case, the RCD will work as if on its own. In the diagram, the letter N indicates the neutral wire. Since there is no ground in this circuit, it is incorrect to assign this name to another line. In the light of the data reviewed, it can be said that protection should never be neglected. Despite some difficulties, even in a two-wire line, it is always possible to install a Residual Current Device. Don't skimp on safety.
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