The Duma of KF Ryleev "The Death of Ermak" is based on real historical events.

Cossack Ermak Timofeevich played an important role in the annexation of Siberia to Russia during the era of Ivan the Terrible. He defeated the army of Khan Kuchum, but Kuchum himself fled to the steppe. At night, he unexpectedly attacked Yermak's camp, the Cossacks fought bravely, but they had to "yield to the force and surprise of the blow." They were forced to flee, but there was only one way to salvation: by swimming across the Irtysh. According to legend, there was a thunderstorm and a storm, and Ermak died in the waves of a stormy river. K.F.Ryleev draws in his thought just such

The situation was a terrible, stormy night: The storm roared, the rain rustled, Lightning flew in the darkness, Thunder rang continuously, And the winds raged in the wilds ...

The author shows how "on the wild bank of the Irtysh sat Yermak, enveloped in a thought," while his soldiers were sleeping. Ermak thinks about his life and his comrades, whether it was right. Many of his Cossacks are desperate people, in the past criminals who went into the service of the tsar. But Ermak, and with him the author, does not condemn them, but, on the contrary, admires them.

He believes that "all the crimes of a violent life" were washed away by the blood of enemies, and now these people do not spare their lives for a higher goal - "for holy Russia"

Ermak does not yet know that a terrible death awaits the heroes: the attack of Kuchum. The courageous and courageous Cossack Kuchum is opposed as a low and mean man

- he attacks on the sly. Fearing to enter into battle with the hero, Kuchum, like a despicable thief, crept to the tents by a secret path ... In a terrible battle, Ermak's squad fell, and "without drawing swords. Ermak swims along the raging river, straining his strength, but "the strength has given way to fate."

The author believes that the blame for the death of Yermak was "a heavy shell - the gift of the king." The hero died, having traded his freedom for faithful service to the autocracy. For the Decembrist Ryleev, the problem of personal freedom is especially important; serving the tsar and serving Russia are not the same thing for him. Admiring the heroism of Ermak, his service for the good of Russia, he does not agree with the fact that the hero received an expensive gift from the tsar and sees this as one of the reasons for his death.

Essays on topics:

1. "Ivan Susanin" is a thought that describes the incredible heroism and self-sacrifice of an ordinary Russian peasant who has preserved his valuable life ...
2. The name of Ryleev became widely known to contemporary readers from the moment his Oda-satire "To the Temporary Worker" (1820) appeared in print. Printed in a popular magazine ...
3. The poem "Death of a Poet" was written in 1837. This poem is associated with the death of Alexander Pushkin. When Pushkin was dying, Lermontov was ...
4. "The Last Death" (1827). The poem belongs to philosophical lyrics. The poet, seeing in antiquity samples of direct nobility and fortitude, realizes the human ...
5. In Soviet times, poems on industrial topics were very popular, since glorifying the work of other people was considered a sign of good form ...
6. Going through the memory of Russian poets, you invariably remember the great N.A.Nekrasov, his poems, poems that are deeply saturated with love for Russian ...
7. The action takes place in 1890-1918. The work is written in the form of the author's memories of his peer, a young English officer who died in France ...

In this article, we will analyze the thought of Kondraty Fedorovich Ryleev "Death of Ermak", which is studied by schoolchildren in grade 8. This literary work was largely due to the life of the writer himself. Therefore, we will plunge a little into the actions that preceded its writing, and get acquainted with the biography of the writer - Kondraty Ryleev. This is necessary primarily in order to better understand what thoughts the author had in the process of writing and what served this.

1. Derzhavin;
2. "Dimitry Donskoy";
3. Volynsky;
4. "Bohdan Khmelnytsky";
5. "Prophetic Oleg".

There are many different comments regarding the assessment of Ryleev's work. For example, Pushkin wrote that in his works there is nothing state and Russian, not counting names.

Kondraty Ryleev was a Russian poet and public figure, who was born on September 18, 1795. He lived in the village of Batovo, which is located in the St. Petersburg province. In 1801 Kondraty entered the first Petersburg Cadet Corps to study.

In 1813 he took part in the foreign campaigns of the Russian army, which ended in 1814.

But, sadly, the author's life ended tragically on July 13, 1826. He died at the age of 30. Ryleev was one of the managers of the Decembrist uprising and was among the five officers who were sentenced to execution on the scaffold.

Creative process

1. The year 1820 was significant in that the author created his famous satirical ode "To the temporary worker";
2. A year later, Ryleev joined the Free Society of Adherents of Russian Literature, and was also in the service of an assessor of the St. Petersburg Criminal Chamber;
3. In 1824 he headed the management department of a Russian-American company;
4. From 1823 to 1825, together with Alexander Bestuzhev, he worked on the publication of the almanac "Polar Star", and was also a member of the Masonic lodge "To the Flaming Star".

In 1822, Kondraty Fyodorovich presented to the world a duma dedicated to Ataman Yermak. It was partly set to music, and it turned into a song.

This Duma is based on real historical events. The main character is a famous character in history - the Cossack chieftain, whose name is Ermak Timofeevich... He became famous for playing a major role in the annexation of Siberia to the Russian state. The annexation took place during the reign of Ivan the Terrible in the second half of the 16th century.

Ermak with his own army constantly waged war with Khan Kuchum, who did not want to submit to the Russian tsar and pay tribute to Moscow. He wanted to rule Western Siberia himself and therefore did not submit to anyone, and later he even made a coup and executed his Muslim brothers, who agreed to accept Russian citizenship and pay bribes to the winners.

Further in the thought is toldhow in the next battle between Ermak and Kuchum a large number of people were killed. Then Kuchum fled to the steppe, and Yermak with the soldiers who remained after the battle, who were only 50 people, overcoming the path along the Irtysh, stopped for the night at the mouth of a river called Vagai.

At night, the Siberian Khan suddenly attacked the dormant Cossacks and killed many. Only a couple of people were saved.

The Cossack chieftain, weighed down with two chain mail, where one of them was presented to him by the tsar, and the weapon he carried, rushed into the river. Thus, he wanted to get to the plows, but he drowned. But, according to Tatar legends, Ermak was killed by the hero Kutugai, wounding him in the throat with his spear.

The body of the chieftain was stretched out onto land by a fisherman of Tatar origin. A large number of Murzas came from all over the neighborhood to look at the body of Yermak. There was even Kuchum among those present. For several days, the Tatars shot the dead body of a courageous Russian warrior from a bow and feasted merrily, although later his remains were thrown away. According to witnesses, they lay for a whole month in the fresh air and did not deteriorate. After that, the Tatars, having taken off all the clothes and equipment from the body, in order to divide them among themselves, buried the Cossack ataman in a noble place, which was located behind a Muslim cemetery. More precisely, in the village of Baishevo.

Literary analysis

Kondraty Fyodorovich, inspired by the exploits of the Russian soldiers, decided to devote his own thoughts to them. And so a thought arose, telling about the death of the chieftain. The author researched perfectly old legends about the Russian warrior and learned that on the day of the hero's death there was a powerful thunderstorm with a storm, and Ermak died in the waves of a violent river.

The poet begins his work with a description of that terrible night when nature itself is frightening: the rain is rustling, the storm is roaring, thunder is constantly thundering, lightning is flying in the darkness of the night, and the winds are raging.

The Duma describes how a pensive Ermak sits on the bank of the river, who, as if anticipating his own imminent death, thinks about life, about friends and about whether they lived their lives with dignity, since almost all Cossacks were in the past desperate delinquents and thugs who went into the service of the Russian tsar. The main character absolutely does not condemn them, but on the contrary - admires their courage and valor. He expresses the opinion that they washed away all the atrocities in their lives with the blood of opponents and even now do not spare their own lives for the tsar and holy Russia.

In the Duma, the fearless and courageous chieftain was opposed by the leader of the enemy camp, Kuchum, a dangerous and dishonorable man who, fearing to directly engage in a duel with Yermak's retinue, secretly crept up to them with his army and killed them all: the soldiers fell, not even having time to draw their swords.

Death of a warrior

Yermak rushes into the river, dressed in a heavy shell, which the king gave him, and drowns. Ryleev believes that it was the heavy equipment of the hero that led to his death. The river almost immediately swallowed up the courageous warrior. The hero died, he exchanged his own freedom and began to serve the autocracy. Ryleev's “Death of Ermak” also ends with a description of raging winds and thunders.

For the author of the verse, the problem of his own freedom is extremely important. Serving the Tsar and serving Russia are two different things for him. He admires the brave heroism of the ataman, as well as his service for the good of Russia, but he is against the fact that Yermak accepted an expensive present from the ruler, who led to his death.

Analysis of the poem "Death of Ermak". Analysis of the poem "Death of Ermak"

1. The storm roared, the rain rustled
   Lightning flew in the darkness
   Thunder roared without interruption
   And the winds raged in the wilds ...
   Breathing passion for glory,
   In a country harsh and gloomy,
   On the wild bank of the Irtysh
   Ermak sat, enveloped in thought.

   Companions of his labors,
   Victories and thunderous glory
   Among the outstretched tents
   We slept carelessly near the oak grove.
   Oh, sleep, sleep, the hero imagined,
   Friends, under the roaring storm;
   At dawn my voice will be heard,
   Calling for glory or death!

   You need rest; sweet Dreams
   And in a storm he will calm the brave;
   In dreams he will recall glory
   And the forces of the warriors will double.
   Who did not spare his life
   In robberies, mining gold,
   He will think about her,
   Dying for Holy Russia?

   Flush with your own and enemy blood
   All the crimes of a violent life
   And deserved for victories
   Fatherland blessings
   Death cannot be terrible for us;
   We have done our job:
   Siberia has been conquered by the tsar,
   And we did not live in the world idly!

   But his fateful destiny
   Already sat next to the hero
   And looked with regret
   At the victim with a curious look.
   The storm roared, the rain rustled
   Lightning flew in the darkness
   Thunder roared without interruption
   And the winds raged in the wilds.

   The Irtysh seethed in the steep banks,
   Gray waves rose,
   And crumbled to dust with a roar,
   Biya on Breg, goat boats.
   Peace with the leader in the arms of sleep
   The brave squad ate;
   There is only one storm with Kuchum
   I did not sleep on their death!

   Fearing to fight the hero
   Kuchum to the tents, like a despicable thief,
   Crept a secret path
   Tatars surrounded by crowds.
   Swords flashed in their hands
   And the valley was bloody,
   And the terrible fell in battles,
   Without drawing swords, the squad ...

   Ermak rose from sleep
   And, death in vain, strives into waves,
   The soul is full of courage
   But the boats are far from the shore!
   Irtysh worries more
   Ermak strains all his forces
   And with his mighty hand
   It cuts the gray shafts ...

   Floating ... close to the shuttle
   But the power gave way to fate,
   And, boiling worse, the river
   She swallowed the hero with a noise.

   Having deprived the strength of the hero
   Fight the furious wave
   Heavy carapace gift of the king
   Became his death.

   The storm roared ... suddenly the moon
   The boiling Irtysh was silvery,
   And a corpse spewed out by a wave
   The copper armor lit up.
   The clouds were rushing, the rain was rustling,
   And the lightning was still sparkling
   And the thunder in the distance still thundered,
   And the winds raged in the wilds.

2. Duma KF Ryleev Ermak's death is based on real historical events. Cossack Ermak Timofeevich played an important role in the annexation of Siberia to Russia during the era of Ivan the Terrible. He defeated the army of Khan Kuchum, but Kuchum himself fled to the steppe. At night he unexpectedly attacked Ermak's camp, the Cossacks fought bravely, but they had to yield to the force and surprise of the blow. They were forced to flee, but there was only one way to salvation: by swimming across the Irtysh. According to legend, there was a thunderstorm and a storm, and Ermak died in the waves of a stormy river. K.F.Ryleev draws in his thought just such a situation, a terrible, stormy night: The storm roared, the rain rustled, Lightning flew in the darkness, Thunder rang continuously, And the winds raged in the wilds
   The author shows how Yermak sat on the wild bank of the Irtysh, enveloped in thought, while his soldiers slept. Ermak thinks about his life and his comrades, whether it was right. Many of his Cossacks are desperate people, in the past criminals who went into the service of the tsar. But Ermak, and with him the author, does not condemn them, but, on the contrary, admires them. He believes that all the crimes of a violent life have been washed away by the blood of enemies, and now these people do not spare their lives for a higher goal for Holy Russia.
   Ermak does not yet know that a terrible death awaits the heroes: the attack of Kuchum. Kuchum is opposed to the brave and courageous Cossack as a low and mean man, he attacks on the sly. Fearing to enter into battle with the hero, Kuchum to the tents, like a despicable thief, crept a secret path In a terrible battle, Ermak's squad fell without drawing swords. Ermak swims along the raging river, straining his strength, but the strength has given way to fate. The author believes that the tsar's gift of heavy armor became the fault of Yermak's death. The hero died, having traded his freedom for faithful service to the autocracy. For the Decembrist Ryleev, the problem of personal freedom is especially important; serving the tsar and serving Russia are not the same thing for him. Admiring the heroism of Ermak, his service for the good of Russia, he does not agree that the hero received an expensive gift from the tsar and sees this as one of the reasons for his death.

December 14, 1825 on the Senate Square of St. Petersburg there was an uprising of the Decembrists. One of its leaders was Kondraty Fedorovich Ryleev .

This name has been entered into the annals of Russian history forever. Who is that? But he was engaged not only in politics, but also in literature. And the general public of his time was known precisely as a poet.

Kondraty Fedorovich Ryleev was born on September 18, 1795 in the village of Batovo (now it is the territory of the Gatchinsky district of the Leningrad region) in the family of a small nobleman Fyodor Andreevich Ryleev and Anastasia Matveevna Essen (1758-1824).

The father of the future poet served as General Sergei Fedorovich Golitsyn, Chief Executive Officer. Mother Ryleeva was engaged in home education of the child.

Six years Kondraty was sent to study in the cadet corps, where he showed a strong character and talent for writing. Years of study taught him to endure all the hardships of army education, not cry under the rods and read a lot. Here, for the first time, his poetic gift manifests itself.

Amazed Ryleeva The news of the death of Mikhail Illarionovich Kutuzov made the young poet take up the pen, under which the ode "Love for the Fatherland" is born.

Listen with what pride Ryleev speaks about the Russians!

This is how Russians have always loved

And so the Fatherland was kept

From all troubles and from the enemy.

He lost his sanity,

Who dared to conquer the Ross, -

He aches the proud horns! ..

Released at the beginning 1814 year from the corps as an ensign, Ryleev receives the rank of officer of the cavalry company of the reserve artillery brigade and takes part in the foreign campaigns of the Russian army, which liberated Western Europe from Napoleon.

Thanks to participation in overseas trips, Ryleev has the opportunity to get to know new countries, learn other customs and a different life.

At the end of the war Ryleev for several years he has served in Ostrogozhsk in the Voronezh province. He gets acquainted with Ukrainian customs, Ukrainian folklore.

The poet increasingly thinks about the hard life of ordinary people. At this time, poetic talent Ryleeva continues to develop. Until the end, his aspirations, political and patriotic views are formed.

In 1818, asking his mother (the father had died by this time), permission to marry and leave military service, Ryleev expresses the hope for the new service to "pay extra" to the Fatherland what "he did not give in the military." In one of the letters to his mother, he hints at the internal motives of his refusal to military service: "For the current service, scoundrels are needed, and, fortunately, I cannot be one."

Ryleev moved to St. Petersburg in the second half of 1820. He witnesses the uprising of the soldiers of the Semyonovsky regiment and the brutal reprisals against them. For unwillingness to endure the bullying of the new commander, the soldier, after being imprisoned in the Peter and Paul Fortress, was exiled to hard labor or to serve in the Siberian garrisons.

One of the culprits of the uprising was Count Alexei Arakcheev.

A cruel and ruthless man, he was an adherent of the rude military, which would later be called "Arakcheevism." It was to him that the first work of the poet, published in the magazine "Nevsky Spectator", was addressed. The ode "To the temporary worker" accused Arakcheev of cruelty.

Arrogant temporary worker, and vile and cunning,

The monarch is a cunning flatterer and an ungrateful friend,

Furious tyrant of his native land,

Dodgy villain!

It was very daring, but imagine, the young author fearlessly signed this ode with his real name! The public of St. Petersburg was amazed at the poet's insane courage.

Having settled in Petersburg, Ryleev since 1821 serves as assessor of the Petersburg Criminal Chamber, which gives him the opportunity to defend the interests of the unjustly offended and oppressed.

In the fall of 1823 Ryleev becomes the soul of the Northern society of the Decembrists. He possessed the properties necessary for a public figure, a tribune: enthusiasm, the gift of a propagandist, the ability to attract hearts. The most radical members of the Northern Society of Decembrists united around Ryleev: Evgeny Petrovich Obolensky, Pyotr Grigorievich Kakhovsky, the Bestuzhev brothers - Nikolai Alexandrovich, Alexander Alexandrovich and Mikhail Alexandrovich, Alexander Ivanovich Odoevsky, Alexander Osipovich Kornilovich, Wilhelm Karlovich Kyukhelm. Flat Ryleeva became a kind of headquarters for the St. Petersburg revolutionaries.

The beginning of December brought an unexpected event for the participants of the Northern Society - Alexander I died.

The Decembrists planned to time their performance at the time of the death of the king, but did not think that this would happen so soon. Ryleev and the leaders of other Decembrist organizations urgently began to prepare a speech. It was scheduled for December 14, 1825 - the day of the coronation of the new Tsar Nicholas I.

Trubetskoy was elected head, Ryleev completely trusted.

Kondraty Fedorovich himself, as a civilian, could only come to Senate Square and support the rebels. And he was there, although he suffered from a severe sore throat.

Government troops were pulled to the square, which were four times more than the rebels. Nicholas I gave the order to shoot "at the rebels". The Decembrists fought to the last, not believing in the promised pardon. Around the square there was a huge crowd of people who sympathized with the rebels and at the first call could join their ranks, but the Decembrists did not understand this and died alone. The uprising was suppressed.

That same night Ryleev was arrested. After interrogation in the Winter Palace, he was sent to the Peter and Paul Fortress, where other conspirators were already there.

Interrogations took place for several months. Ryleev he took upon himself all possible "sins", named only those Decembrists whom he already knew for sure about the arrest, tried in every possible way to shield his comrades, spoke of his irreconcilable hatred of the reigning surname.

Thanks to this "truthfulness" Kondraty Fedorovich was among the five main instigators of the uprising, whom it was decided to hang.

The loops broke during the execution Ryleeva , Muravyov-Apostol and Kakhovsky. According to the old custom, those who had fallen were not hanged again, but General-Adjutant Chernyshev ordered that the fallen ones be raised and hanged again.

“The vile oprichnik of the tyrant! - shouted Ryleev , - Give the executioner your aiguillettes, so that we don't die a third time! .. "

Five Decembrists, who led the uprising on Senate Square and were executed by order of Emperor Nicholas, are buried on Golodai Island. 100 years after their execution, the island was renamed the Decembrists Island, and a memorial obelisk was erected at their burial site.

Kondraty Fedorovich Ryleev lived only 30 years. His life and creative paths were cut short at the very beginning, but even in a short time he managed to create works, many of which became truly popular.

In March 1825, Pushkin wrote to Alexander Bestuzhev about Ryleev : "He is a poet in his soul ... For Christ's sake! So that he writes, and more, more!" *.

Before going out with the verses in print, Ryleev wrote "for myself" for eight whole years. These were mainly imitations of the poems of Konstantin Nikolaevich Batyushkov and Nikolai Mikhailovich Karamzin.

The novice poet tried to get out of narrowly personal themes ("To the death of enemies", "Victory Song to the Warriors", "Love for the Fatherland"), but even here he was not let out of his tenacious paws by literary routine, conventional images and pompous phrases.

His talent strove to manifest itself, rushed from model to model, and the poet did not have his own idea that would spark him. Salvation came with the move to St. Petersburg.

Ryleev and Alexander Alexandrovich Bestuzhev begin to publish the literary anthology "Polar Star" According to Bestuzhev, the purpose of the new edition was "to acquaint the public with Russian antiquity, with native literature, with their writers." Almost all the best Russian writers of that time took part in the "Polar Star".

Since 1821 in creativity Ryleeva a new genre for Russian literature begins to take shape - thoughts... These were works similar to ballads, based on real historical events, legends, but devoid of fantasy. Ryleev especially emphasized that the duma was an invention of Slavic poetry, that the duma sang kobzari in the old days. In the preface to his collection Duma, he wrote: “ Thought - an ancient heritage from our southern brothers, our Russian, native invention. The Poles took it from us”.

Heroes ryleevsky doom we usually see at some very important, often tragic, moment for them. The poet seeks to show the inner state of a person, to explain his choice.

And not the life story of the hero, but feelings, when he makes a choice between self-interest, profit, peaceful peace and the struggle for the best lot of the whole people, worries the author.
« Ivan Susanin » :

They thought you found a traitor in me:
They are not and will not be on the Russian land!
In it, everyone loves their homeland from infancy
And he will not destroy his soul by betrayal. "

Thought "Death of Ermak" is written Ryleev in the wake of historical events that actually took place.

In the era of Ivan the Terrible, the Cossack army under the leadership of Ataman Yermak liberated Siberia from the Siberian Khan and annexed the territory of Siberia to Russia. It is known that the khan fled to the steppe, gathered his forces and suddenly attacked Yermak's camp at night. Escaping, the Cossacks had to swim across the Irtysh River.

Thought begins with a description of a terrible night storm:

The storm roared, the rain rustled
Lightning flew in the darkness
Thunder rang continuously
And the winds raged in the wilds ...

Ermak's warriors are resting after a hard day, while he himself sits on the banks of the Irtysh, reflecting on his life and the life of his comrades. Many of them had previously been criminals, but having entered the service of the Russian tsar, they thus atoned for their guilt.

Flush with your own and enemy blood

All the crimes of a violent life

And deserved for victories

Fatherland blessings

Death cannot be terrible for us;

We have completed our work:

Siberia was conquered by the tsar,

And we did not live idly in the world!

Ermak still does not know what fate awaits his comrades and himself. Khan's dastardly attack on sleeping soldiers and the death of unarmed people. Own destiny is an evil fate.

Swords flashed in their hands -

And the valley was bloody,

And the terrible fell in battles,

Without drawing swords, squad ...

The hero dies, choosing the path of the faithful
serving the king. He traded freedom for the royal service. For the Decembrist Ryleev, serving the Tsar and serving Russia are not the same thing. Admiring the heroism of Ermak, he does not agree with the fact that the hero accepted an expensive gift from the tsar and sees this as one of the reasons for his death.

Heavy carapace - a gift from the king

Became his death.

Thought "The Death of Ermak" is published in the literary anthology "Polar Star" and is very popular. Soon it begins to sound like a song from the stages in concerts and in the living rooms of the Russian aristocracy.

The song "Death of Ermak" has become a real folk song. Brave, proud, Ermak is opposed to the insidious, vile Kuchum, who did not dare to openly attack the army of the Cossacks.

Nikolai Mikhailovich Yazykov wrote about Ryleev :

Ryleev died like a villain!

Oh, remember him, Russia,

When you rise from the chains

And you will move thunderous forces

On the autocracy of kings.

And Russia has not forgotten and will not forget the poet and revolutionary Kondraty Fedorovich Ryleev .

Thoughts that were created on real life events are the most interesting for readers. From such creative works we learn about real historical events that filled the bygone days. One of these thoughts is the great work "Death of Ermak". Its creator is K.F. Ryleev. It was the main character, the Cossack Ermak Timofeevich, who played a very important role in the difficult process of the unification of the Siberian Territory and Russia.

These historical events took place during the reign of Ivan the Terrible. Cossack Yermak was able to destroy the army of Khan Kuchum, although the Khan himself fled. And at night, the khan made a sudden raid on the settlement of the Cossacks, and the latter had to retreat.

Crossing the river, the Cossack Ermak died in a stormy and deadly river. It is the night of the Cossacks' retreat that the author depicts with all the formidable elements of nature - lightning flashed, rain was constantly rustling, a storm hovered over the earth.

Many Cossacks in their past life were criminals, but now they are loyal to the service of the king. Ermak reflects on the fact that all these Cossacks have long since washed away their guilt with the blood of their enemies. After all, now, they stand to death and give their lives for holy Russia.

At this time, he still does not know that a difficult battle awaits them ahead. After all, at night, Khan Kuchum, secretly attacks the camp of the Cossacks and they fall in battle without even fighting.

Such a vile and low character as Khan Kuchum is opposed to the strong and mighty Cossack Ermak. During the retreat, the glorious hero could not cross the river and overcome the violent wrath of the water element. He's drowning. And the fault is the heavy shell, which was a gift from the king.

The Cossack dies defending his native land and serving Russia. It was her, not the king. This is a very important detail that the author emphasizes in his thought.