In the human body, there are a number of endocrine glands. They are responsible for the production of special chemical activators called hormones. They control and regulate many processes. What exactly hormones affect is described below.

What hormones affect

There are several main functions that hormones have:

1. Influence on mental, physical and sexual development of a person.
2. Adaptation of the body to various conditions. For example, a person's reaction to a change in temperature or climate, stress, and so on.
3. Influence on the internal state of the body - homeostasis.
4. Hormones are special substances that strengthen the connection between organs and tissues.

Since they have these functions and have a serious effect on the body, it is important to ensure that they are normal. After all, an imbalance of hormones can cause serious changes, pathologies and diseases.

How hormones affect the body

The human body contains a huge amount of hormones. Each of them has a specific effect on the body:

• Growth hormone - is responsible for the proportions of a person. With its lack, as a rule, there is overweight, which diet and sports cannot help to lose. If it is present in excess, then severe thinness may occur. In addition, this hormone affects growth. It is especially important to monitor its balance during puberty, and you can read about what else influences a person's growth in our article.
• Thyroxine is a hormone that affects the body's energy metabolism, human mood, liver, kidney and gallbladder function. With its lack, lethargy and chronic fatigue are usually observed. Too much can lead to kidney or gallstones.
• Testosterone - is responsible for sexual desire in men and the development of secondary sexual characteristics in them. In addition, it has an effect on bone strength, improves memory, and slows down the aging process in the body. It is very important that the level of this hormone is normal. Otherwise, in men, impotence may appear, and in women, its excess leads to excessive growth of hair on the body and face, skin problems.
• Serotonin is responsible for mood. It is also called the hormone of happiness. When it is in excess, then a person's efficiency immediately increases, he becomes very mobile and has an optimistic attitude. Lack of this hormone leads to depression.
• Glucocorticoids - are responsible for the metabolism of minerals and substances. They allow you to keep a person in excellent shape and well-being. With a lack of these hormones, excess body weight and problems with immunity are observed.
• Acetylcholine - has a strong effect on concentration. When it is normal or in excess, then a person becomes more assiduous, therefore, copes with work much faster. The lack of this hormone causes distraction and lethargy, impairs memory.

How male hormones affect a woman

Women also have male hormones. They have a serious effect on the body, especially during pregnancy. It is male hormones that are mainly responsible for the maturation of the egg, its attachment to the wall of the uterus and the development of the fetus itself. With a lack of male hormones in the body, women can experience serious problems with conception. But this can only be detected on certain days of menstruation.

An excessive amount of male hormones in women leads to hyperandrogenism - a pathology that can provoke obesity, acne, oncology, thyroid problems. Also, with their increased level, there may be problems with the menstrual cycle. There are frequent cases of diseases associated with the nervous system and the onset of early menopause caused by an excess of male hormones.

Special drugs will help regulate the level of hormones in the body. They are prescribed exclusively by a doctor after a thorough examination and a series of tests. It is important to take them strictly according to the instructions and within the time specified by the specialist.

Mood, childbirth, knowledge of the surrounding world, muscle work, resistance to stress, etc., that is, almost all vital processes are the influence of hormones on a woman's body in a normal, pathological state. Certain glands are responsible for their production, while there are certain differences between the female and male body.

Regardless of gender, hormones determine the correct functioning of the human body. At the same time, there are specific female (estrogen) and male (testosterone) hormones, which must be in a balance determined by nature.

Problems begin if a woman, after stress, the appearance of disruptions in the metabolic process, or as a result of obesity, increases the production of testosterone. In such a situation, the following pathological changes can be observed:

• due to dysfunction of the sebaceous glands, the skin suffers with the appearance of inflammation, acne, acne;
• due to increased brain activity, a disorder of the nervous system occurs, fraught with the appearance of depression;
• since a hormonal imbalance occurs, male-type hair begins to grow, sweating increases.

In a man's body, with a harmonious balance, female hormones affect many processes:

• the formation of muscle mass;
• the activity of the nervous system;
• sperm movement;
• the formation of bone mass;
• regulation of cholesterol levels.

If an overabundance of estrogen is diagnosed, then prostate disease, diabetes mellitus, and blockage of blood vessels may develop. Excess weight appears, muscles become flabby, libido decreases.

The action of different hormones

The effect of hormones on the human body depends on their types.

Growth hormone

It is produced by the pituitary gland and is responsible for growth processes. Produced drugs containing recombinant somatropin, a substance identical to the natural analogue, is prescribed for children who have been diagnosed with growth retardation. For adults, growth hormone helps strengthen bones, build muscle, and reduce body fat.

If the recommended dosage regimen is violated, hypoglycemia, acromegaly, and compression-ischemic neuralgia may develop. Pressure may also rise, and the thyroid gland may be disrupted. You can not use a somatotropic, like other hormones, if there are malignant neoplasms, a dangerous condition after severe operations, an allergic reaction, acute respiratory failure.

Gonadotropic hormones

Gonadotropic hormones and their regulating function in sperm production are important for men's health. They are produced by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland, and in women, the placenta is also involved in this process. Necessary gonadotropic hormones for normal puberty. Preparations containing these hormones are often prescribed for male infertility. They are in demand among athletes, as they increase endurance, provide muscle growth. Among the negative side effects, headache, dullness of attention, severe puffiness and swelling appear.

Considering the effect of adrenocorticotropic hormone on the body, it is necessary to note the dependence of its concentration on the surrounding conditions. They are able to greatly increase its level of stress, nervous tension. In the body, adrenocorticotropic hormone is involved in the breakdown of fat and the development of muscle tissue. Preparations containing this hormone are prescribed for severe fatigue, are included in the therapeutic complex for many diseases.

Side effects include increased heart rate, swelling, hypertension, and menstrual irregularities. Cannot be used for atherosclerosis, heart failure, diabetes mellitus, ulcers.

Thyroid stimulating hormone is produced by the pituitary gland.

Thyrotropin

By stimulating the synthesis of thyroid hormones, thyrotropin increases the rate of absorption of iodine by the cells of the gland. If the level of thyroid-stimulating hormone decreases, then the female reproductive system suffers. Also, its purpose is to stimulate the formation of triiodothyronine and thyroxine - thyroid hormones.

This hormone helps to improve heart function, accelerate protein metabolism, activates metabolism, lowers cholesterol, and normalizes metabolism. Taking triiodothyronine drugs is prohibited in the presence of angina pectoris, myocardial infarction, adrenal insufficiency. Side effects include diarrhea, irritability, vomiting, and fever.

Thyroxine

Considering the action of the hormones thyroxine, it is noted that it has an effect on the whole body, controlling its growth and proper development. It also activates metabolic processes, affects metabolic processes, increases protein synthesis, and enhances oxidative processes in cells. When appointed, the goal is to compensate for the deficit. Contraindications are similar to triiodothyronine.

Prolactin

This hormone is produced in the pituitary gland. It regulates sexual processes, promoting the formation of secondary signs, strengthens immunity, stimulates the balance of substances, and affects weight gain. It also stimulates milk secretion.

Luteinizing hormone

Considering the luteinizing hormone and its effect on certain processes, it can be noted that it is responsible for stimulating the synthesis of estrogen and testosterone, ensuring the functioning of the reproductive system.

Oxytocin

The hormone oxytocin produced by the hypothalamus, which has a protein nature, is then sent to the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland. Its task is to stimulate uterine contractions that occur in the last months of pregnancy and during childbirth. Oxytocin is not prescribed for severe renal impairment, transverse position of the child, high blood pressure, and the presence of cardiac pathologies.

The antidiuretic hormone vasopressin is produced by the hypothalamus. It increases the reabsorption (reabsorption) of fluid by the kidneys, which increases the concentration of urine, leading to a decrease in its volume. Synthesized vasopressin is prescribed if diabetes insipidus, bowel diverticulosis is diagnosed, and if bleeding is to be stopped. Contraindications to admission are impaired coronary circulation, ischemia, peripheral vascular disease. Side effects include allergic rashes, headaches, nausea.

Glucagon

Analyzing how the hormone glucagon affects a person, it should be noted that it is produced by the pancreas. Its effect is due to the presence of a connection with liver receptors. Thanks to glucagon, a stable glucose level is maintained in the body, fats are broken down, and insulin secretion is increased. It is prescribed for patients with diabetes mellitus, with psychiatric pathology. Contraindications include adrenal insufficiency, chronic hypoglycemia - a decrease in sugar content below normal. Side effects include vomiting and allergies.

Insulin

Insulin is produced by the pancreas. Its dominant effect is associated with a decrease in blood glucose concentration. For this reason, the greatest intensity of the production of this hormone occurs during the meal. People with diabetes need constant administration of insulin. This hormone is used by weightlifters as it is a strong anabolic. It is necessary to take into account how hormones affect the body, since one of the side effects is a sharp decrease in sugar, leading to a state of hypoglycemia with dizziness, heart palpitations, delirium, and blurred eyes. To neutralize these manifestations, you need to drink a sugar-containing drink.

Thyrocalcitonin is another hormone produced by the thyroid gland that helps maintain bone strength. It participates in the regulation of calcium metabolism, inhibiting the release of calcium ions from bone tissue, which helps to strengthen them. It also blocks the work of osteoclasts, which have a destructive effect on bone tissue, and helps to activate the mechanism of action of osteoblasts that are involved in its formation.

Parathyroid hormone

Considering the hormones that affect calcium metabolism and their effect on the body, it should be noted that the most powerful of them is the parathyroid hormone generated by the parathyroid glands. In different situations, this hormone is capable of both strengthening and destroying the skeleton.

Cortisol

The "stress hormone" produced by the adrenal glands, cortisol, has its main role in promoting the release of insulin and maintaining the amount of glucose in a stable state. At the same time, it is one of the pathogenic hormones, due to which, with adverse reactions of the body to stress, the sugar level rises and blood pressure rises significantly, which leads to serious illness. Therefore, it is important to determine the content and level of cortisol, taking measures to normalize it.

Thymosin is produced, which has an actual role in carbohydrate metabolism, by the thymus gland, also called the thymus. Thymosin is also involved in calcium metabolism, which is important for the development of a strong skeleton, while simultaneously enhancing the generation of gonadotropic hormones by the pituitary gland. Until about 15 years of age, thymosin helps to strengthen the immune system.

Hormone courses and consequences

Hormonal drugs in therapeutic practice are designed to compensate for the deficiency of a certain group of hormones arising for various reasons.

The duration of the course depends on the specifics of pathological changes, individual characteristics and is prescribed after a detailed study only by a doctor. Children are especially susceptible to such treatment.

The result of correctly conducted hormone therapy is the normalization of the functioning of the endocrine system. In each case, a certain effect is achieved, which is positive if it is taken into account that, if taken illiterately, hormones can cause a side disease-causing effect.

Each drug has a specific list of negative consequences, but the common thing is that over time, the body becomes immune to the drugs used before, which leads to the constant intake of hormones. The appearance of insomnia, obesity, ulcers, muscle atrophy is possible.

List of references

1. Ovchinnikov Yu.A., Bioorganic chemistry // Peptide hormones. - 1987 .-- p. 274.
2. Sudakov K.V., Normal physiology. - M .: LLC "Medical Information Agency", 2006. - 920 p .;
3. Berezov T.T., Korovkin B.F., Biological chemistry // Nomenclature and classification of hormones. - 1998. - p. 250-251, 271-272.
4. Orlov R.S., Normal physiology: textbook, 2nd ed., Revised. and add. - M .: GEOTAR-Media, 2010. - 832 p .;

Mood swings, depression, or frequent insomnia may be a reason to get your hormones tested. After all, it is under their influence that a person experiences positive and negative emotions. If the hormonal balance in the body is disturbed, this can affect not only physical condition, but also emotions. MedAboutMe figured out which hormones affect character.

Hormones are biologically active substances that are produced by the body itself and regulate many vital processes. Being synthesized, mainly in the endocrine glands, they enter the bloodstream, through it they are transferred to the so-called target cells, where they show their effect. Thus, hormones affect various metabolic processes - they accelerate or slow down the absorption of substances, maintain a balance between muscle, adipose and bone tissue, and ensure the growth and development of the body.

However, some hormones are capable of acting not only in the circulatory system - they penetrate the blood-brain barrier and already in the central nervous system (CNS) work as neurotransmitters. That is, they transmit impulses through nerve cells, thereby influencing human behavior. Moreover, the impact can be both permanent and temporary. For example, the adrenal hormone adrenaline only changes a person's reactions for a short time, and normally, after being released into the blood, its level should decrease rapidly. The level of others, on the contrary, should be relatively stable, since they are responsible for stress resistance, social contacts, mood, and so on.

Symptoms of hormonal disorders

Neurotransmitter hormones are always involved in other important processes in the body. Balance disorders are not limited to the emotional sphere, but affect health in general. That is why the symptoms listed below are a sufficient reason for visiting an endocrinologist, examinations and possible treatment.

• Irritability, slight excitability.
• General emotional instability, sudden mood swings.
• Sleep disturbances, including nervous insomnia.
• Poor concentration.
• Distrust of others, excessive suspicion.
• Poor social adaptation.
• Tearfulness.
• Apathy, depression.
• Closure.
• Excessive aggressiveness in girls and softness, compliance in boys (sexual hubbub).
• Depression, including seasonal.

Along with such violations of the emotional sphere, hormonal disruptions most often manifest themselves in physiological signs:

• Overweight or, conversely, unnatural thinness.
• Growth disorders.
• Delayed sexual development.
• Cardiovascular problems, including palpitations or arrhythmias.
• Swelling of various kinds.
• Disruption of the gastrointestinal tract.

Sex hormones are conventionally divided into male and female. Their main task is the puberty of the body, the development of secondary sexual characteristics. However, in addition to physiology, androgens and estrogens also affect character traits. Moreover, despite the division by sex, female and male sex hormones are produced in any organism. Therefore, the manifestation of character traits unusual for sex may indicate an overabundance of "foreign" hormones.

• Androgens (especially testosterone) are responsible for courageous qualities - it is under their influence that physical strength, confidence in their actions, and leadership develop. With increased testosterone, a person can be aggressive, be conflict, easily succumb to provocations.
• Estrogens (the most active is estradiol), on the contrary, affect the development of traits such as softness, compliance. This is due, among other things, to the fact that female sex hormones are capable of lowering the level of thyroxine, a hormone whose excess causes irritability.

Adrenal hormones: dopamine and adrenaline

The adrenal glands are small paired glands that play an important role in the formation of character and emotional reactions of a person. It is here that hormones, important in this regard, are produced - dopamine and adrenaline.

• Dopamine is responsible for the feeling of pleasure. It is important for the brain's "reward system", which shapes human preferences. The hormone is actively released when a person is engaged in something pleasant, the sensation is fixed in the brain, and later it is this memory that makes him return to his favorite business. Thanks to dopamine, we choose a hobby, we determine our preferences in food, recreation, and more. With its help, you can instill good habits, however, addictions are also associated with it. As an adrenal hormone, dopamine is a precursor of norepinephrine, from which adrenaline is synthesized.
• Adrenaline is a fast acting hormone. It is released into the bloodstream in life-threatening situations, with severe trauma, as well as during stress and emotional upheaval (positive and negative). Adrenaline dulls the feeling of fear, increases the speed of reactions and mental activity, in addition, it helps to perceive the world brighter. That is why these hormones of the adrenal glands often cause conditional dependence - against the background of the action of adrenaline, a surge of strength, an increase in mood, and euphoria are felt. If there are not enough positive experiences in life, a person can provoke an adrenaline rush with extreme hobbies, various life-threatening situations, frequent quarrels or even addictions.

Since adrenal hormones are produced under certain external conditions, a person can consciously use them in instilling good habits. For example, both dopamine and adrenaline are synthesized when practicing your favorite sport.

Other hormones that act as neurotransmitters include:

• Thyroxine is one of the main thyroid hormones. Its high level provokes irritability, but a low level can cause apathy, depression. Moreover, such emotions are manifested even in infants with congenital thyroid disorders.
• Oxytocin is a hormone of the hypothalamic-pituitary system that is responsible for tenderness and affection. Its greatest amount is produced during childbirth, under its influence, the bond between the mother and the child is formed. It is also synthesized when people communicate pleasantly, hug, hold hands. Oxytocin plays a key role in the instinct of caring for the offspring and the willingness to sacrifice itself. It is also important in social psychology - with a sufficient level of oxytocin, a person makes contact more easily, is able to make friends, build long-term relationships.
• Serotonin is a hormone of happiness, it is he who is responsible for the feeling of joy, good mood, cheerfulness and a surge of strength. It is noteworthy that it is produced under the influence of bright light, so people who are often in the fresh air are less prone to apathy and depressed mood. On cloudy days, serotonin production drops, often leading to seasonal depression. Melatonin is synthesized from serotonin at night, which is responsible for the frequency of sleep and wakefulness, affecting other hormones and preventing premature aging. And if the "hormone of happiness" is not enough, then melatonin will be synthesized with disturbances. Therefore, a good mood is really inextricably linked with health and longevity.

Hormonal drugs are a group of drugs that are used for hormone therapy. The effect of such drugs on the body has been studied well enough that it does not cause concern.

Features of hormonal drugs

Such a broad group as hormonal drugs includes the following categories of drugs:

• Contraceptives.
• Therapeutic (drugs whose action is aimed at curing a disease caused by a hormone deficiency).
• Regulatory (for example, to normalize the menstrual cycle).
• Supportive (insulin for diabetics).

All drugs affect the body of men and women in different ways. It all depends on the general condition of the body, the presence of serious diseases and the state of the immune system.

Treating drugs

This group is used for hormone therapy and comes in the form of pills and ointments. Tablets treat serious diseases caused by abnormalities in the hormonal sphere, and ointments have a local effect.

In girls who lack hormone production, the skin suffers from cracks and wounds in the winter, as the synthesis of new cells is disrupted. To deal with such a nuisance. The doctor prescribes creams, ointments, and lotions that contain hormones. Usually, the ointment contains corticosteroids, which are absorbed into the blood after a few hours.

These drugs can seriously affect the body. Therefore, it is important to maintain the dosage and, when prescribing, immediately determine the duration of the course, since one wrong step can lead to complications of existing problems.

Regulatory drugs

Due to the peculiarities of the lifestyle of a modern woman, the deterioration of nutrition and a polluted environment, many women face menstrual irregularities. This can affect not only the genital area of \u200b\u200bthe body, but also the general condition of the body. Hormonal disorders can lead to the development of breast cancer, as well as infertility. Hormonal drugs can help solve problems.

However, before taking, it is necessary to conduct an examination and analysis. To begin with, a blood test is performed for certain substances. He will be able to identify the lack of certain hormones or their excess. Such tests are quite expensive, but in order to solve the problems, it is necessary to start treatment in a timely manner. After identifying a deficiency or excess of hormones, regulation of their content begins. For this, courses of injections or tablets are prescribed. Properly selected oral contraceptives will help to normalize the cycle without harm to health.

Any product containing hormones requires scrupulousness in determining the dosage, since it is quite easy to cross the border of the required dose. For example, exceeding the norm of progesterone can lead to hair loss, swelling and pain in the mammary glands.

Hormonal preparations can be made on the basis of hormones of natural origin, or they are synthetically produced substances. In endocrine diseases, the course of hormonal therapy is aimed at normalizing hormonal levels and normalizing metabolic processes. Depending on the functional state of a particular gland, hormone therapy is conventionally divided into replacement, stimulating and blocking.

The negative impact of hormones

For the body of both men and women, the use of hormonal drugs can cause such unpleasant consequences as:

• osteoporosis and ulcers of the mucous membrane of the duodenum and the stomach itself when taking glucocorticoids;
• weight loss and cardiac arrhythmia when taking thyroid hormones;
• too sharp a decrease in blood sugar when taking insulin.

Hormonal drugs can cause osteoporosis in you

The effect of hormonal ointments on the body

Preparations containing hormones for external use can vary greatly in the degree of effect on the body. The most powerful are ointments and creams, gels and lotions contain lower concentrations. Hormonal ointments are used to treat skin diseases and allergic manifestations. Their action is aimed at eliminating the causes of inflammation and irritation on the skin.

Hormonal ointment is the safest of all drugs

However, if we compare ointments with tablets or injections, then their harm is minimal, since absorption into the blood occurs in small doses. In some cases, the use of ointments can lead to a decrease in the productivity of the adrenal glands, but after the end of the course of treatment, their functionality is restored on its own.

The effect of hormonal contraceptives on a woman's body

The peculiarities of the influence of hormonal drugs on the human body are that many factors are perceived purely individually. The use of such drugs is not only an interference with natural physiological processes, but also an effect on the functioning of body systems during the day. Therefore, the decision on the appointment of hormonal drugs can only be made by an experienced doctor based on the results of a comprehensive examination and analysis.

Hormonal contraceptives can be produced in various forms and dosages:

• combined;
• mini-drank;
• injections;
• plasters;
• subcutaneous implants;
• postcoidal drugs;
• hormonal rings.

The combination preparations contain substances similar to the female hormones produced by the ovaries. In order to be able to choose the optimal medicine, all groups of drugs can be monophasic, two-phase and three-phase. They differ in the proportions of hormones.

Knowing about the properties of gestagens and estrogens, certain mechanisms of action of oral contraceptives can be distinguished:

• decrease in the secretion of gonadotropic hormones due to the effects of gestagen;
• increased acidity of the vagina due to the influence of estrogen;
• increased viscosity of cervical mucus;
• each instruction contains the phrase "egg implantation", which is a veiled abortive effect of drugs.

Since the appearance of the first oral contraceptives, debates about the safety of the use of drugs have not subsided, and research in this area continues.

What hormones are included in contraceptives

Usually hormonal contraceptives use gestagens, also called progestins and progestogens. These are hormones that are produced by the corpus luteum of the ovaries, in small quantities by the adrenal cortex and during pregnancy by the placenta. The main progestogen is progesterone, which helps to prepare the uterus in a state favorable for the development of a fertilized egg.

Another component of oral contraceptives is estrogen. Estrogens are female sex hormones produced by ovarian follicles and the adrenal cortex. There are three main hormones to estrogens: estradiol, estriol, and estrogen. These hormones are needed in contraceptives to normalize the menstrual cycle, but not to protect against unwanted conception.

Side effects of hormonal drugs

Each drug has a number of side effects, which can occur when a decision is made to discontinue the drug immediately.

The most frequently recorded cases of side effects of hormonal drugs:

• Arterial hypertension.
• Hemolytic uremic syndrome. It is manifested by disorders such as anemia, thrombocytopenia, and acute renal failure.
• Porphyria, which is a violation of hemoglobin synthesis.
• Hearing loss due to otosclerosis.

All manufacturers of hormonal drugs indicate thromboembolism as a side effect, which is extremely rare. This condition is a blockage of the vessel by a blood clot. If the side effects outweigh the benefits of the drug, it must be canceled.

Side effects of oral contraceptives are:

• amenorrhea (absence of menstrual flow);
• headaches;
• deterioration of vision;
• changes in blood pressure;
• depression;
• increase in body weight;
• soreness in the mammary glands.

Research on the side effects of oral contraceptives

In foreign countries, studies are constantly being conducted on the side effects of hormonal drugs on the woman's body, which revealed the following facts:

• Hormonal contraceptives are used by over 100 million women around the world.
• The number of deaths from venous and arterial diseases is recorded from 2 to 6 per million per year.
• The risk of venous thrombosis is important in young women
• Arterial thrombosis is relevant for older women.
• Among female smokers who take OC, the death rate is about 100 per million per year.

Side effects of oral contraceptives

The effect of hormones on the male body

The male body is also heavily dependent on hormones. A man's body also contains female hormones. Violation of the optimal balance of hormones leads to various diseases.

An excess or a lack of estrogen leads to a decrease in testosterone production. This can cause problems:

• in the cardiovascular system;
• with memory;
• age-related gynecomastia;
• decreased immunity.

If the balance of hormones is imbalanced, a course of hormonal therapy is required, which will help to avoid further deterioration in health.

Progesterone has a calming effect on the male nervous system and helps men suffering from premature ejaculation to solve sexual problems.

The normal content of estrogen in the male body has a number of beneficial properties:

• maintaining the optimal level of "good cholesterol";
• pronounced muscle growth;
• regulation of the nervous system;
• improved libido.

With an excess of estrogen, it is noted:

• inhibition of testosterone production;
• female-type body fat;
• gynecomastia.
• Erectile dysfunction;
• decreased libido;
• depression.

Any of the symptoms is extremely unpleasant, so do not hesitate to visit the doctor. A competent specialist will be able to conduct a full examination and prescribe a course of medications that will significantly improve the condition of the body.

For the treatment of a wide range of diseases, various hormonal preparations are very often used, which, in addition to being highly effective, have a number of side effects.

If used incorrectly, they can be very dangerous, and can also aggravate the patient's condition.

The harm of hormonal drugs: truth or myth ^

Hormones are products of internal secretion that are produced by special glands or individual cells, are released into the bloodstream and are carried throughout the body, causing a certain biological effect.

In a healthy person, hormones are continuously produced by the endocrine glands. If the body fails, synthetic or natural analogues come to the rescue.

Why you shouldn't be afraid of hormones: benefits and harms

Hormone treatment has been used in medicine for over a century, but people still treat it with fear and distrust. Despite the fact that the use of drugs containing hormones can turn the tide of a serious illness and even save lives, many consider them harmful and dangerous.

Patients of endocrinologists are often terrified of the word "hormones" and unreasonably refuse to take hormonal drugs for fear of side effects such as weight gain and hair growth on the face and body. Such side effects, indeed, occurred in the treatment with drugs of the first generation, since they were of low quality and contained too large doses of hormones.

But all these problems have long been in the past - pharmaceutical production does not stand still and is constantly developing and improving. Modern medicines are becoming better and safer.

Endocrinologists, in accordance with the test results, select the optimal dose and mode of administration of the hormonal drug, which mimic the function of the gland as in a healthy person. This allows you to achieve compensation for the disease, avoid complications and ensure the patient's well-being.

Today, hormonal preparations are produced, both natural (having a structure similar to natural hormones) and synthetic (having an artificial origin, but with a similar effect). Depending on their origin, they are divided into several types:

• Animals (derived from their glands);
• Vegetable;
• Synthetic (similar in composition to natural);
• Synthesized (not like natural).

Hormone therapy has three areas:

1. Stimulating - prescribed to activate the work of the glands. Such treatment is always strictly limited in time or is used intermittently.
2. Blocking - necessary when the gland is too active or when unwanted neoplasms are detected. Most often it is used in conjunction with radiation or surgery.
3. Substitution - required for diseases that inhibit the production of hormones. This type of treatment is often prescribed for life because it does not affect the cause of the disease.

The most common misconceptions about hormone therapy

Truth and myths about the dangers of hormones

Myth-1: Hormonal drugs are prescribed only as a contraceptive

In fact, these drugs effectively fight a variety of pathologies: diabetes mellitus, hypothyroidism, skin diseases, infertility, cancer and other ailments.

Myth 2: If your health improves, you can stop taking hormones.

Such delusion often negates the long-term work of doctors and provokes a rapid return of the disease. Any changes to the appointment schedule must be agreed with the attending physician.

Myth-3: Hormone therapy is prescribed as a last resort in the treatment of severe ailments.

In modern pharmacology, there are many drugs of a similar composition to get rid of diseases that do not pose a threat to the patient's life, for example, from acne in adolescents or erectile dysfunction in men.

Myth-4: Taking any hormones is contraindicated during pregnancy.

In fact, expectant mothers are prescribed such medications quite often, and refusing them on their own can lead to serious consequences. For example, when carrying out tocolytic measures or with hypothyroidism (replacement therapy).

Myth-5: With replacement therapy, hormones accumulate in the tissues.

This opinion is also wrong. Correctly calculated dosage does not allow an excess of these substances in the body. But in any case, they are easily destroyed and cannot remain in the blood for a long time.

Myth-6: Hormones can be replaced with other drugs.

If a lack of a certain hormone is diagnosed, then it is it that needs to be taken to restore health. Some plant extracts have a similar effect, but they cannot fully replace endocrinological drugs. Moreover, their long-term exposure is undesirable due to the risk of allergic reactions.

Myth-7: hormones make you fat

Excessive fullness does not arise from hormones, but from hormonal imbalance and metabolic disorders, as a result of which nutrients begin to be absorbed by the body incorrectly.

Myth-8: Sex hormone levels rise in spring.

Human endocrine functions are subject to both seasonal and daily cycles. Some hormones are activated at night, others during the day, some during the cold season, others during the warm season.

According to scientists, the level of human sex hormones does not have seasonal fluctuations, however, with an increase in daylight hours in the body, the production of gonadoliberin, a hormone that has an antidepressant effect, increases. It is he who can cause feelings of love and euphoria.

Myth-9: Hormonal failure does not threaten young people

Hormonal imbalance in the body can occur at any age. The reasons are different: stress and excessive stress, past illnesses, unhealthy lifestyle, taking the wrong drugs, genetic problems, and much more.

Myth-10: Adrenaline is a "good" hormone, its sharp release benefits a person

Check your body fat%, BMI and other important parameters

Hormones cannot be good or bad - each is useful in its own time. The adrenaline rush really stimulates the body, allowing it to cope with stressful situations faster. However, the feeling of a surge of energy is replaced by a state of nervous exhaustion and weakness, because adrenaline directly affects the nervous system, sharply bringing it into combat readiness, which then necessarily causes a "rollback".

The cardiovascular system also suffers: blood pressure rises, pulse quickens, there is a risk of vascular overload. That is why frequent stress, accompanied by an increase in adrenaline in the blood, can lead to a stroke or cardiac arrest.

What are the hormonal drugs

According to the method of exposure, hormonal drugs are divided into:

• Steroid: act on sex hormones and substances produced by the adrenal glands;
• Amine: thyroxine and adrenaline;
• Peptide: insulin and oxytocin.

The most widespread in pharmacology are steroid drugs: they are used to treat serious diseases and HIV infections. They are also popular with bodybuilders: for example, Oxandrolone and Oxymetalone are most often used to give the body relief and burn subcutaneous fat, and Stanozolol and Methane are used to gain muscle mass.

In both cases, drugs cause irreparable harm to healthy people, so it is not recommended to take them without evidence. AAS is based on the hormone testosterone, and for women they are the most dangerous: with prolonged use, they may develop primary male sexual characteristics (virilization), and the most common side effect is infertility.

What side effects can occur from taking hormones

Most often, side effects of hormonal drugs appear in the first two weeks after the start of admission in the form of the following ailments:

• Dizziness and nausea;
• Sweating;
• Shortness of breath, shortness of breath;
• Hot flashes;
• Candidiasis;
• Drowsiness;
• Deterioration in blood composition;
• Virilization (when women are taking steroids);
• Hypertension;
• Disruption of bowel function.

In very rare cases, long-term use of "hormones" or abuse of them can cause the development of oncology. To avoid this, it is necessary to periodically take tests and do liver function tests in order to monitor your health.

Side effects of hormonal drugs in women: what to fear ^

Side effects of hormonal contraceptives

When choosing a hormonal method of contraception, it is important to take into account all the features of a woman's hormonal status. Find out which hormones level in the body prevails: estrogens or progesterone, whether there is hyperandrogenism (increased levels of male sex hormones), what concomitant diseases are, etc.

This method of contraception is used by women quite often, because considered one of the most effective. In most cases, negative reactions do not occur, however, there are side effects of birth control pills, which can be with prolonged or improper use in violation of the instructions:

• Arterial hypertension;
• Anemia;
• Acute renal failure;
• Porphyria;
• Hearing loss;
• Thromboembolism.

The most popular contraceptive pills are: Klayra, Regulon, Jess, Tri-regol. For the treatment of infertility, on the contrary, Dufaston is most often used.

Microdose hormonal tablets

Side effects of hormonal ointments

Most often, such ointments are used to treat skin diseases: dermatitis, vitiligo, psoriasis, lichen, as well as allergies with the manifestation of external signs. What side effects can occur due to ointments:

• Stretch marks, acne;
• Atrophy of the treated skin;
• Dilation of blood vessels;
• The appearance of spider veins;
• Skin discoloration (temporary).

The safest and most effective is Prednisolone, which is available in the form of tablets or ointments.

Hormonal drugs for menopause

Hormone therapy for menopause helps to improve lipid metabolism, mitigate hot flashes, reduce anxiety, increase libido and prevent the development of atherosclerosis, but should only be done under medical supervision. What negative effects can occur with self-treatment:

• A sharp increase in weight;
• Fluid retention in the body, the appearance of edema;
• Engorgement of the mammary glands;
• Severe headaches;
• Stagnation of bile.

Hormonal drugs for bronchial asthma

Treatment of this disease with hormones is prescribed in very rare cases for several reasons:

• Hormonal dependence and withdrawal symptoms may appear when therapy is discontinued;
• Immunity is noticeably reduced;
• Bone fragility increases;
• The production of insulin and glucose is destabilized, which is fraught with the development of diabetes mellitus;
• Hair loss worries;
• Muscles weaken;
• Intraocular pressure rises;
• Fat metabolism is impaired.

Of course, such a side effect does not always occur, but in order to avoid it, it is best to start treatment with weaker medicines.

It should be noted that almost all hormonal agents affect the hormones of the thyroid or adrenal glands, so their use should be agreed with a specialist. In general, if the regimen is followed, side effects are very rare, however, such drugs are not prescribed unless absolutely necessary.

Reviews of doctors

Olga, 39 years old, endocrinologist:

“I often prescribe hormones to diabetics, but before that you need to pass all the tests in order to choose the right drug. If a doctor advises medications without test results, this indicates his incompetence "

Daria, 43 years old, gynecologist:

“To prevent pregnancy, it is best to use oral contraceptives, and in some cases, they help to stabilize hormones. You can get pregnant only 1-2 months after their cancellation, girls usually do not have any problems with this "

Ekaterina, 35 years old, therapist:

“In the treatment of asthma, hormones are used very rarely and only when the disease has taken an advanced form. In other cases, it is better to limit ourselves to weaker medicines. "

Hormonal

contraceptives all over the world are considered the most reliable in terms of protection against unwanted

pregnancy

They are trusted by millions of women in civilized countries. They give the freedom to choose the time of the birth of the desired child, liberation in sexual relations, deliverance from some diseases and suffering. Subject to the rules of application

hormonal contraceptives provide, without a doubt, a high level of reliability. In the last decade, interest in this method of protection has also increased in our country, but passions about the benefits and harms, the advantages and disadvantages of their use do not subside.

How the contraceptive pill works

Modern oral

contraceptives may have one or two

progesterone

estrogen

Then they are called combined, or only progesterone - the so-called

mini drank

Combined contraceptives are divided into drugs:

• with micro doses of hormones;
• with low doses;
• average dosage;
• with high doses of hormones.

"Mini-pili" preparations are considered the most gentle of all birth control pills.
How do birth control pills work?

Birth control pills are made up of synthetic hormones, which are analogs of female sex hormones that are produced in a woman's body constantly during pregnancy. It is estrogen and progesterone that inhibit the production of other hormones that stimulate follicle maturation, due to which

ovulation

Therefore, by introducing small doses of estrogen and progesterone with the pill, it becomes possible to suppress or inhibit ovulation (egg maturation). The mechanism of action of all combined hormonal agents is based on this principle.

The action of "mini-pili" is based on the same principles, but the effective point here is the effect of tablets on the structure of the uterine mucosa, and on changing the viscosity of the secretion of the cervical canal. The thickening of the secretion and the looseness of the endometrium does not allow the sperm to fertilize the egg, and the egg itself does not get fixed in the uterus.

All these phenomena disappear along with the termination of the use of contraceptives. Reproductive function is restored within two to three months, and the woman can have the desired pregnancy.

The contraceptive pill can prevent pregnancy by up to 100% when used correctly. At the same time, the use of these funds regulates the menstrual cycle, relieves a woman from pain during menstruation, from menstrual bleeding. Modern contraceptives eliminate the symptoms of premenstrual and climacteric periods, reduce the risk of cancer, stop unwanted facial hair growth, and the appearance of acne.

Does alcohol use decrease the effect of birth control pills?

Women, especially at a young age, often ask themselves how alcohol affects the reliability of birth control pills. Is it possible to receive them together? Of course, this question is legitimate, because taking contraceptives can be long-term, and life is life, and no one is immune from the circumstances when alcohol intake can take place.

I would like to be always confident in the effectiveness of contraceptives, and to know what factors can reduce it. It is unlikely that anyone will succeed in completely eliminating alcohol. And the instructions for contraceptive drugs often do not indicate that they cannot be combined with alcohol intake.

What to do if a festive feast is planned? If the celebration is scheduled for the evening, then the pill intake should be shifted three hours earlier or later. As a last resort, you can postpone taking the pill in the morning, as if you forgot to take it, but then you need to follow the instructions for the drug and do exactly according to it. You also need to see a gynecologist to exclude pregnancy.

According to the WHO, the dose of alcohol should not exceed 20 mg of ethanol per day, if, nevertheless, the need arises in combination with contraceptive pills. Moderation in alcohol consumption plays a large role in maintaining the effectiveness of contraception.

Side effects The main disadvantages of birth control pills are considered to be their side effects on the body, which include:

• Bloody spotting, especially when you start taking pills. After adaptation to the drug, they usually disappear.
• Estrogens in contraceptives can cause bloating, swelling of the lower extremities, fluid retention, increased blood pressure, and migraine-like headaches.
• Progestins, on the other hand, cause irritability, nervousness, acne, and some weight gain.
• The increase in mass may be associated with increased appetite when taking contraceptives. In some cases, this is due to fluid retention in the body.
• Occasionally, birth control pills can cause dark spots on the face that look like pregnancy spots. In this case, it is better to switch to another type of pill.
• Formidable vascular diseases such as thrombosis can be caused. Their occurrence depends entirely on the dose of hormones in the product. The higher the dose of estrogen, the greater the risk of developing vascular thrombosis.
• Smoking is not allowed with some birth control pills. Women who smoke are at risk of developing heart attacks and strokes.
• Taking combined oral contraceptives can cause attacks of gallstone disease, and cause the formation of new stones in the biliary tract.
• Side effects can occur when you combine oral contraceptives with other drugs: antibiotics, antifungal agents, etc.

What kind of contraceptive pills do you recover from? Modern contraceptives, which contain micro doses of hormonal components, do not cause weight gain.

But, in the case of the wrong choice of a drug for a particular woman or girl, some weight gain is quite possible. Many women gain weight in the first two months of taking contraceptives, which is easily explained by the adaptation of the body. If in the future the weight increases, then you need to decide on the transition to another type of pills.

The effect of contraceptives on fat metabolism has been well studied. Therefore, it is possible for every woman to choose a remedy that would not cause the above side effects.

Bleeding while taking birth control pills

Bleeding when using birth control pills is a possible side effect. Bleeding can be both smearing and breakthrough.

Spotting bleeding occurs in the first months of taking contraceptives. They are more often observed when using drugs with a low content of hormones than when combined. The reason is this: microdoses of hormones in a pill do not have time to accumulate in the body, and they are not enough to delay menstruation. This is a normal phenomenon, and it is inappropriate to stop taking pills due to the appearance of spotting. The body will adapt and all functions will be restored.

In case of breakthrough bleeding, the alarm should be sounded. It is better to immediately seek the advice of a doctor who will conduct an examination in order to exclude an ectopic pregnancy, inflammatory diseases, uterine fibroids, endometriosis.

What to do if bleeding occurs:

• Continue to take birth control as usual, or stop taking it within seven days.
• Seeing a doctor. Your doctor may prescribe additional high-progestin pills.
• If bleeding continues, then a blood test should be taken to rule out anemia. For anemia, iron supplements are prescribed.

Vaginal discharge Often women are worried about an increase in vaginal discharge? and associate them with the use of birth control pills.

By the way, vaginal discharge is found in every woman, but normally they are odorless, transparent in appearance and insignificant.

Menstrual bleeding is common with steroids. This is normal.

Sometimes the nature of the discharge changes. A woman is worried about abundant liquid or curdled discharge, accompanied by itching and burning in the vagina. This phenomenon is usually associated with a fungal infection. Only a doctor can cure candidiasis.

The fact is that the hormonal background created by birth control pills can cause an increase in the growth of fungi. Therefore, when taking oral contraceptives, doctors prescribe antifungal drugs for prophylactic purposes. More often, drugs such as clotrimazole, diflucan, Klion D. are used. Together with these drugs, it is appropriate to use courses of vitamin therapy.

Discharge white, yellowish, with a pungent odor, can signal the presence of a sexually transmitted disease in a woman. The causative agents of these diseases contribute to the formation of a large number of leukocytes, due to which the discharge takes on a whitish appearance.

Such discharge is typical for gonorrhea, chlamydia, trichomoniasis, candidiasis.

In any case, a woman must see a doctor to determine the reasons for the appearance of discharge, and to prescribe treatment.

Chest pain

Oral contraceptives often have side effects similar to those that occur during pregnancy. These include:

• engorgement of the mammary glands;
• pain in the mammary glands;
• nausea;
• irritability;
• increased vaginal discharge.

A woman experiences pain in the mammary glands and some discomfort in the last period of the menstrual cycle. As a rule, these phenomena disappear with prolonged use of contraceptive pills, when the body gets used to changes in hormonal balance. If symptoms persist for more than three months after starting oral contraceptive use, or if they worsen, it is advisable to choose another drug.
Modern birth control pills without side effects

How do the latest birth control pills differ from their predecessors?

More recently, contraceptive pills contained a high amount of hormones, had a lot of side effects, forcing women to often refuse to use them.

Modern oral contraceptives are almost free of side effects. The previously developed means, in addition to the main unpleasant manifestations, could also affect organs and systems: cause an increase in blood pressure, heart attacks, promote the development of myocardial infarction, strokes, and lead to vascular disorders. In drugs of the new generation, the doses of hormones are reduced by almost 80%, and the new drugs are rightfully considered drugs without side effects (for women who do not suffer from systemic diseases and for nonsmokers).

This is especially true for the new generation of pills - "mini-pills", although it is believed that their effectiveness is less than that of combined oral contraception. Mini-drinks are recommended for women over 35, even those who smoke and are estrogen intolerant. The only side effect of these pills is bleeding during the intermenstrual period, which is not an indication for their cancellation.

Small doses of hormones in the composition of new contraceptives reliably protect against unwanted pregnancy and do not harm the body. On the contrary, modern oral contraceptives prevent the development of ovarian cancer and other cancers of the genital area, and also regulate the cycle, cleanse the skin of the face.

Without a doubt, not every woman who uses pills has side effects from taking birth control pills. The nature and severity of side effects depends on the individual characteristics of each organism. It is important to choose the right drug and use it correctly. The most popular according to women's reviews are hormonal agents of a new generation: Janine, Logest, Trikvilar, Yarina, Regulon.

Is it harmful to take birth control?

There are important periods in a woman's life when she thinks about the advisability of using birth control pills. These include periods after

childbirth, breastfeeding

Periods after

miscarriage

The woman wonders if the contraceptive pill will harm her?

During lactation and breastfeeding

Can I take birth control while breastfeeding? Birth control pills, which contain mainly one type of hormone, a progestin, can be used during lactation and breastfeeding. Such contraceptives include mini-pills: Charosetta, Exluton, Microlut and others.

The hormones that are part of combined oral contraceptives affect the baby's body through the mother's milk. Therefore, the use of such funds during breastfeeding is categorically contraindicated.

After an abortion or miscarriage

Combined oral contraceptives are recognized as the most reliable when used in the period after induced abortion and miscarriage. In addition to reliable contraceptive action, they have medicinal properties. These funds are used for menstrual irregularities, for the prevention of endometriosis, in the treatment of fibrocystic

mastopathy

Perhaps these remedies are the best in terms of protection after artificial termination of pregnancy, as they help to avoid inflammatory diseases.

You should start taking birth control pills on the day of your abortion. From the combined contraceptives, new generation drugs are prescribed: Mersilon, Regulon, Tri-Mercy, Femoden, Marvelon, Logest, Novinet, Diane-35, Silest, Yarina, Belara. The share of estrogen in them does not exceed 35 μg. The contraceptive effect occurs when using COCs immediately after the first pill. Barrier methods of contraception are not required additionally.

If you start taking COCs from the fifth day after the abortion, you must additionally apply barrier methods. Such a beginning is not correct, it is advisable to start taking contraceptives on the first day of the next menstruation, and before that, use other methods of contraception.

Sometimes contraception is used in the post-abortion period with progestogen drugs or mini-pills. They are less reliable than the combination products, but they cause far fewer side effects.

The problem of abortion and its complications is currently relevant. The use of modern contraceptive drugs contributes to motivation for the prevention of abortion among women. The correct use of contraceptives suitable for a woman can significantly reduce the number of unwanted pregnancies and abortions.

After childbirth

Various factors affect a woman's reproductive health. An extremely unfavorable effect on the body is exerted by the onset of an unplanned pregnancy in the postpartum period. According to research by specialists, in our country every tenth woman within one year after giving birth seeks help from medical institutions to terminate an unwanted pregnancy. Consequently, the postpartum period can be considered "critical" in a woman's life, and the use of contraception during this period is the most important in the protection of women's health.

At the present stage, there are many drugs for preventing pregnancy in the postpartum period. The choice of birth control pills in the postpartum period should be individual for each woman.

In the postpartum period, all functions of the woman's body are gradually restored. So, on the tenth day after childbirth, the formation of the cervical canal ends, a month after childbirth, the external pharynx is completely closed, and the menstrual cycle is restored after four to five months. A woman is recommended to abstain from sexual intercourse for six to eight weeks after childbirth, and at the end of one to two months, contraceptive methods are required.

With breastfeeding and the presence of amenorrhea, a woman in 98% of cases remains infertile for six months. In this case, the use of oral contraceptives can be abandoned.

You can start using contraception no earlier than six weeks after giving birth.

More often, women in the postpartum period use gestagen-containing drugs (mini-pili): Charosetta, Exluton, Microlut.

Cancellation of contraception

Scientists have proven that birth control pills do not affect the baby during early pregnancy. But it is still recommended to cancel them immediately after confirmation of pregnancy. It is always necessary to remember the rule of abolishing contraceptives during pregnancy.

In other cases, when contraceptives are canceled, ovulation is restored after a while, but sometimes a woman remains infertile for several months. Experts recommend that after the abolition of contraceptives, see a gynecologist, undergo an examination for the presence of inflammatory diseases, infections, cancer of the uterus, and only then plan a pregnancy. Women who have taken new generation hormonal drugs, if they are canceled, have an excellent opportunity to become pregnant. All favorable conditions have been created for conception: while taking contraceptives, the ovaries rested, the uterus is prepared for a new pregnancy. A woman can successfully plan her pregnancy and the birth of a healthy baby.

But, unfortunately, there are also contraindications for the use of contraceptive pills.

Hormonal contraceptives should not be taken in the following cases:

• smoking women over 35;
• with severe liver diseases: hepatitis, cirrhosis of the liver, oncological diseases of the biliary tract;
• with arterial hypertension and hypertension;
• with complicated diabetes mellitus;
• with kidney diseases - pyelonephritis, glomerulonephritis;
• deep vein thrombosis, history of thromboembolism;
• within a month after operations, after injuries with immobilization of the limbs;
• with ischemic heart disease, heart attack, stroke;
• in the presence of bleeding from the vagina of unknown etiology;
• with systemic diseases with a degree of activity - rheumatoid arthritis, lupus erythematosus.

If a woman suffers from depression, PMS, uncomplicated diabetes, migraine, varicose veins, then contraceptive pills can be used only under the supervision of a doctor.

In rare cases, after the abolition of hormonal contraceptives, a woman experiences some discomfort: skin problems, mood lability, up to depression, and menstrual irregularities may appear. Women are scared - are they not signs of addiction to steroid use? I would like to reassure women. There is no dependence on the use of hormonal contraceptives. All these surprises in the state of health are observed only after the abolition of such a drug, which was chosen incorrectly, or did not fit the woman. It must be remembered that birth control pills should only be selected by a gynecologist.

What are the reasons forcing a woman to stop taking contraceptives on her own?First reason Sometimes doctors prescribe hormonal contraceptives not only to prevent pregnancy, but also to increase fertility - the ability to conceive. During the use of contraceptives, the ovaries have time to rest, if canceled, the ovaries are ready for intensive work, and after a while the woman can become pregnant.

By the way, such activity of the ovaries leads to the above reactions during the period of withdrawal of contraceptive pills.

If pregnancy does not occur within three months after the pills are discontinued, you should consult your doctor.

The second reason The absence of a permanent partner - then there is no need to take contraceptives. In this case, it is advisable to cancel them.

Women who have skin and other problems, even in the absence of sexual activity, do not need to cancel contraceptives.

Third reason Many women believe that contraception should not be taken for a long time. And women simply stop drinking them. This is mistake. Correctly selected contraceptive pills can be drunk for a long time without side effects. “From the moment of the last birth to menopause, you can take the same contraceptives,” experts advise.

If unpleasant sensations appear after the abolition of hormonal contraceptives, it is necessary to let the body get used to the new state, regularly take vitamin preparations, and lead a healthy lifestyle.

If the menstrual cycle is irregular, you need to see a doctor who will tell you what to do. Setting a cycle duration of 21-36 days is considered normal.

In case of changes in mood, a herbal collection with a common twig helps well, which affects the level of testosterone in the body.

Skin problems in the form of acne, oily hair, greasy hair? talk about an imbalance of hormones in the female body. In this case, combined oral contraceptives with antiandrogenic action are selected.

Doctors believe that it is better to cancel the pills two to three months before the planned conception. However, it should be borne in mind that the probability of conception increases already in the first month after the abolition of the contraceptive.

How to take birth control pills correctly?

It is better to start taking contraceptives on the first day of menstruation - only then the pills act immediately. If taken on the fifth day of menstruation, additional precautions should be taken. Women with

irregular periods

can start taking contraceptives on the first day of the cycle, being confident in the absence of pregnancy.

In the absence of lactation, it is better to start taking it 21 days after delivery. When breastfeeding, oral contraceptive use should be postponed for six months.

After an abortion, it is necessary to start using the contraceptive pill on the day of its implementation.

Standard regimen of hormonal contraceptives The drug is taken daily for 21 days, followed by a seven-day break, then continues with a new package. Menstrual bleeding will go away during rest from taking the pills.

Special modes The 24 + 4 mode is typical for the Jess contraceptive, which contains 24 hormonal and 4 inactive pills in a package. The tablets are applied daily, without interruption.

Extended mode It consists in taking a product containing only "active" tablets (continuously, more than one package). A three-cycle regimen is common - taking 63 tablets of monophasic drugs, followed by a 7-day break.

Thus, the number of menstrual bleeding per year is reduced to four.

What if I forgot to take a pill? The basic rule in case of missing a pill:1. Take the missed pill as soon as possible!

2. Take the remaining tablets at the usual time.

If one or two tablets are missed, or a new pack has not been started within one to two days Take a pill. There is a risk of pregnancy.

Skipping three or more tablets in the first 2 weeks of taking, or not starting a new package within three days Take a pill. Use barrier methods of contraception for 7 days. If intercourse has taken place within 5 days, use emergency contraception.

Skipping 3 or more tablets during the third week of taking Take the pill as soon as possible. If the pack contains 28 tablets, skip the last seven tablets. Do not take a break. Use barrier methods of contraception for 7 days. If intercourse has taken place within 5 days, use emergency contraception.

When do birth control pills start working?

When taken correctly, the pills begin to act immediately after the start of the course.

How to choose the right drug for women who have not given birth and have given birth?

Young, nulliparous women are more likely to be prescribed micro-dose birth control pills. They are ideally suited for drugs such as

Lindineth

20, Jess, Logest, Mercilon, Claira, Novinet.

Low-dose and medium-dose hormonal preparations are suitable for women who have given birth. These include: Yarina, Marvelon, Lindinet-30, Regulon, Silest, Janine, Minisiston, Diane-35 and Chloe.

Features of contraception depending on the age of the woman

The selection of contraceptive pills is a difficult task that can be solved together with the attending physician. The aim of the task is to provide reliable protection against unwanted pregnancy. The criteria can be efficiency, absence of side effects, ease of use of tablets and speed of restoration of fertility after the abolition of the contraceptive.

Undoubtedly, the choice of contraceptive drug depends on the age.

At what age can you take birth control pills?

The periods of a woman's life are divided into adolescent - from 10 to 18 years old, early reproductive - up to 35 years, late reproductive - up to 45 years, and perimenopausal - lasting 1-2 years from the last menstruation.

It is advisable to start contraception in adolescence, if, of course, there is a need for it. In recent years, there has been a decrease in the age of first pregnancy and childbirth, and the frequency of abortions at a young age is increasing.

The most effective for adolescents, according to the WHO, are combined oral contraceptives containing low doses of steroids, and third-generation drugs containing progestogens. Three-phase drugs are best suited for adolescents: Triziston, Trikvilar, Tri-regol, as well as single-phase drugs: Femoden, Mersilon, Silest, Marvelon, which regulate the course of the menstrual cycle.

Birth control pills for young girls

Between the ages of 19 and 35, women can use all known methods of contraception. However, it should be borne in mind that the use of combined oral contraceptives is more reliable and effective.

In addition to oral contraceptives, other methods are popular in our country: the introduction of an intrauterine device, the use of a condom, the use of injectable contraception methods.

It has been proven that contraceptive pills are used not only for contraception, but also for therapeutic and prophylactic purposes for diseases such as infertility, inflammatory and oncological diseases, and menstrual irregularities. The only drawback to be aware of is that hormonal contraceptives do not protect a woman from sexually transmitted infections.

The most common remedies at this age are Janine, Yarina, Regulon.

What birth control pills are best to take after 35 years?

Doctors say that at this age women should be protected from unwanted pregnancy using intrauterine devices, because at this age, steroids, due to the presence of diseases acquired by a woman, are contraindicated.

A woman can suffer from diseases of the cervix, endometriosis, endocrinological diseases - diabetes mellitus, thyrotoxicosis, obesity. Many women smoke. These factors complicate the selection of hormonal contraceptives.

Steroids are prescribed only if there are no guaranteed contraindications. The latest generation combined contraceptive pills and three-phase drugs are preferred: Femoden, Triziston, Silest, Trikvilar, Marvelon, Tri-regol.

For this group of women, products with a low content of hormones, as well as "mini-drank" preparations, are excellent. Hormonal contraception is combined with the therapeutic effect of new generation drugs. The most popular of these is Femulen. It can be used if a woman has such diseases as thrombophlebitis, a previous heart attack and stroke, hypertension, severe migraine-type headaches, and some gynecological diseases.

Which birth control pills are suitable for women over 45?

After 45 years, ovarian function gradually decreases, the likelihood of pregnancy decreases, but is still possible. Many women at this age still ovulate and fertilization of the egg can occur.

Undoubtedly, a woman is able to become pregnant and give birth to a child, but at the same time pregnancy often proceeds with complications, since at this age there is a fairly large bouquet of various diseases. Usually there are diseases of the cardiovascular system, liver and kidneys, chronic disorders of the reproductive system. All factors can be contraindications for the appointment of hormonal contraceptives. Smoking and the presence of other bad habits also complicate the use of birth control pills.

Very often women by the age of 40 no longer plan a pregnancy, and an unwanted pregnancy is artificially terminated. Abortion, especially during this period, has consequences that threaten the health of a woman. Frequent complications of abortion are the development of uterine fibroids, cancer, severe manifestations of menopause. The possibility of developing diseases suggests the need for contraception in this period.

Also, contraceptive pills are prescribed for many gynecological diseases, osteoporosis, for the prevention of ovarian and uterine cancer.

At the age of over 45, it is promising to use low-dose hormonal drugs, mini-pills, injections and implants that are implanted under the skin (for example, Norplant).

Combined contraceptive pills are contraindicated in women over 45 in the following cases:

• if a woman smokes;
• if a woman suffers from diseases of the heart and blood vessels - heart attack, stroke, thrombosis;
• with type 2 diabetes mellitus;
• with severe liver disease with the development of liver failure;
• with obesity.

At this age, the modern drug Femulen is often used, which has practically no side effects.
Effects of birth control pills on pregnancy

When taking hormonal contraceptives, pregnancy is quite possible if a woman takes the pills incorrectly, or the regimen of taking them has been violated. If you suspect or establish pregnancy, you must urgently cancel the drug.

Taking hormonal drugs in the first three weeks of pregnancy does not adversely affect the condition of the fetus and the health of the woman.

In general on the body

Hormonal contraceptives have different effects on a woman's body. In order to timely identify the side effects of contraceptives, a woman taking these drugs is obliged to consult a doctor twice a year. Contraceptives can affect the vaginal flora. This influence manifests itself in various symptoms. Some show signs

thrush

(bacterial

vaginitis

), since taking drugs containing gestagens leads to a decrease in the level of lactobacilli in the vagina. In this case, it is possible to cancel the pills for a time when the level of estrogen recovers and the symptoms disappear.

On the development of mastopathy Often women ask the question: can birth control pills cause mastopathy? Experts say that with the right choice of contraceptive pills and the correct mode of their use, mastopathy cannot develop. Another thing is when a woman has a hormonal disorder, there are chronic gynecological diseases, diseases of the liver, kidneys, adrenal glands. Hormonal imbalance, stress, depression, abortion, breast trauma can lead to mastopathy.

Contraceptives should only be selected by a doctor. The doctor must take into account all the characteristics of a particular woman, her state of health, age, heredity, phenotype, the presence of bad habits, lifestyle, sexual activity. With the wrong selection of the drug, no doubt, the risk of developing mastopathy increases.

It is important to start taking hormonal drugs only after consultation and examination with a specialist - in this case, you will avoid undesirable consequences and possible complications.

Do birth control pills help with menopause and androgenetic alopecia?

Effective treatment for women during menopause and with androgenetic

alopecia

pills and creams containing estrogen and progesterone can become.

Is it possible to leave without a doctor's prescription?

Birth control pills are prescription drugs and can only be prescribed by a doctor. The law does not prohibit the sale of hormonal contraceptives without a prescription. But only a doctor can help you choose the right method and means of contraception.

ATTENTION! The information posted on our website is for reference or popular and is provided to a wide range of readers for discussion. Prescribing drugs should only be carried out by a qualified specialist, based on medical history and diagnostic results.

For some women's diseases, hormone therapy is the most effective treatment. For the patients themselves, such drugs often cause concern: it is difficult to prevent possible negative consequences. Side effects of hormonal drugs are quite dangerous.

Properties of drugs

The composition of hormonal preparations includes substances whose properties are as close as possible to natural human hormones. Naturally, in healthy people, hormones are produced by certain glands:

• adrenal glands;
• endocrine gland;

• the pituitary gland;
• pancreas.

Some diseases cause a malfunction that blocks the proper functioning of the systems responsible for the production of hormones.

Hormone-based medicines include several categories of drugs:

• supportive (for diabetics);
• contraceptives;
• regulatory;
• medicinal.

Funds can be of both vegetable and synthetic origin.

Purpose of using hormonal drugs

Hormone therapy agents for diabetes are short, medium, or long acting insulin.

Beta cells in the pancreas are responsible for the natural production of this substance. Its main task is to maintain normal glucose levels.

Therapeutic hormones are prescribed for therapy for the following disorders:

• inflammation;
• allergic diseases;
• tumors;
• anemia;
• gynecological pathologies;
• ectopic pregnancy;
• abortion.

Contraceptives often contain a combination of the sex hormones estrogen and progestin. Long-term use of such drugs changes the work of the ovaries, as a result of which the ovulation process is eliminated, fertilization in this case becomes impossible.

In some cases, oral contraceptives also perform regulatory functions: they can be prescribed to "correct" the hormonal background in women. Such failures negatively affect not only sexual functions, but also the general condition of the body. Long-term disorders lead to infertility and oncology.

Oral contraceptives

The main hormonal disruption in the female body occurs during menopause. After 35 years, the process of estrogen production slows down. Decreases and progesterone, which is needed to renew endometrial cells in the uterus. In the last stage of menopause, the production of estrogen stops completely.

All systems of the body, from the thyroid gland to carbohydrate metabolism, suffer from menopause. This negatively affects the quality of life. It is especially difficult for the body to tolerate premature menopause, provoked by hormonal disruption. With the help of hormonal drugs, the level of estrogen and progesterone is brought closer to the natural rate.

Common side effects

The side effects of hormone therapy are either temporary or systemic. The first negative consequences usually appear at the very beginning of treatment, when the body tries to adapt to the supply of additional hormones. After adaptation, the problems go away on their own, without the intervention of a doctor.

Temporary side effects of hormonal drugs include:

• nausea;
• hot flashes;
• feeling of stuffiness;
• dizziness;
• excessive sweating;
• loss of appetite.

Side effects of hormonal drugs

Most often, such side effects occur when using hormonal drugs that are aimed at improving the functioning of the sex glands.

In rare cases, drugs have a more severe effect on the body and lead to serious consequences, which include:

• persistent candidiasis;
• thrombocytopenia;
• chronic bowel problems;
• increased fatty compounds in the blood;
• hypertension;
• decreased immunity.

According to some studies, long-term use of oral contraceptives and drugs with synthetic hormones.

And also with prolonged use of hormonal agents, it is recommended to regularly do liver function tests - complications can affect this organ and lead to failure.

The dangers of insulin

With prolonged high glycemia, acute allergic reactions appear. Often, the first symptoms appear directly at the injection site: immediately after the injection, itching, hives, mild inflammation or swelling may appear. In most cases, such negative manifestations occur at the very beginning of therapy and go away on their own.

In rare cases, patients experience symptoms of hypersensitivity. They are quite dangerous and appear in the form:

• severe bronchial spasms;
• shock;
• a sharp drop in pressure;
• angioneurotic edema.

If the body "gets used" to constant injections, the dosage has to be increased. In this case, the negative effect of hormonal drugs is manifested several times more often. Additionally, hypoglycemia develops. The most serious danger is hypoglycemic coma, in which the patient needs resuscitation.

Remedies with adrenaline

In potentially dangerous situations, the hormone adrenaline is necessary for the body's survival in shock conditions. Only specialists can inject. Improper use or overdose of drugs with this hormone provokes arrhythmias and a serious violation of sinus heart rhythm.

Other negative consequences are also observed:

• spasms of the walls of blood vessels;
• sharp jumps in blood pressure;
• upset stomach or intestines;
• visual impairment.

If such complications appear, it is necessary to adjust the dosage of the drug or select other drugs with a similar effect.

Glucocorticoids

Glucocorticoids have powerful anti-inflammatory effects and are often used to treat joint diseases. But due to the large number of side effects, patients are often wary of such treatment.

Negative reactions occur with prolonged systemic use of glucocorticoids. Patients can expect:

• osteoporosis;
• aseptic bone necrosis;
• amyotrophy;
• an increase in lipids and glucose levels;

• diseases of the visual organs;
• decreased potassium levels;
• ulcerative and inflammatory diseases of the stomach.

With local injection of the drug into the joint, the risk of damage to the nerve trunk, tissue calcification, steroid arthropathy increases.

Some side effects are nearly impossible to avoid. At the beginning of the course, patients experience sleep disturbances and emotional instability. Symptoms improve over time.

The effect of hormonal contraceptives on the body

It is very difficult to predict in advance the side effects of hormonal contraceptives. All reactions are purely individual and depend on the characteristics of the organism. In most cases, problems arise from the use of inappropriate drugs. A gynecologist should select hormonal contraceptives after tests and a comprehensive examination.

Consultation with a gynecologist

Such contraceptives interfere with the natural physiological process of a woman, which affects the work of all body systems. The combined products contain substances that are similar to natural female hormones. The usual balance is disturbed, the body reacts unpredictably.

Combinations include oral contraceptives, patches, injections, and vaginal rings. Non-combination drugs that do not contain estrogen are presented in the form of a coil, implants or injections.

If the remedy is selected correctly, and the woman is healthy, side effects are rare. Some of them are a variation of the norm and disappear after a few months without the intervention of a doctor. These include:

• violation of the menstrual cycle;
• reddish discharge;
• changes in smells and tastes;

• skin problems;
• headache;
• decreased sexual desire.

There are also other symptoms that appear less frequently, but require immediate consultation with a specialist:

• severe migraine;
• jaundice;
• unexpected blurred vision;
• thrombosis;
• a sharp increase in weight;
• neoplasms in the chest;
• fibroids;
• serious bleeding.

In such situations, it is urgent to stop the use of contraceptives. Renewal can only be done after the approval of the doctor.

A number of side effects do not appear immediately, but after a long time of admission or even after the abolition of contraception. Problems include fertility, menstrual periods, or amenorrhea.

Prevention and ways to reduce side effects

With the right approach to treatment, the negative effect of hormonal drugs on the body can be minimized. The greatest danger is treatment without specialist supervision. Self-administration of the drug is very dangerous.

When using the drug, you must adhere to simple rules:

• purchase exactly the prescribed drug from a reliable manufacturer, without trying to find an analogue;
• carefully observe the dosage recommended by the doctor;
• take medications on a prescribed schedule;
• do not skip taking a pill or injection;
• in case of a pass, do not increase the dose, trying to correct the hormonal background.

During treatment, the body needs maximum support from the immune system. To raise it, in parallel with hormonal agents, it is recommended to take vitamin and mineral complexes. It should be borne in mind that synthetic vitamins load the kidneys; they can be replaced with a balanced, healthy diet.

The course of treatment is determined individually, but it is desirable that hormone intake should last no longer than nine months. After taking medications, the body needs a little respite. If necessary, treatment is resumed after 2-3 months.

In some pathological conditions, hormonal treatment is the patient's only chance for a full life. It is impossible to refuse taking medications, despite the extensive list of contraindications and side effects.

For some women's diseases, hormone therapy is the most effective treatment. For the patients themselves, such drugs often cause concern: it is difficult to prevent possible negative consequences. Side effects of hormonal drugs are quite dangerous.

Properties of drugs

The composition of hormonal preparations includes substances whose properties are as close as possible to natural human hormones. Naturally, in healthy people, hormones are produced by certain glands:

• adrenal glands;
• endocrine gland;

• the pituitary gland;
• pancreas.

Some diseases cause a malfunction that blocks the proper functioning of the systems responsible for the production of hormones.

Hormone-based medicines include several categories of drugs:

• supportive (for diabetics);
• contraceptives;
• regulatory;
• medicinal.

Funds can be of both vegetable and synthetic origin.

Purpose of using hormonal drugs

Hormone therapy agents for diabetes are short, medium, or long acting insulin.

Beta cells in the pancreas are responsible for the natural production of this substance. Its main task is to maintain normal glucose levels.

Therapeutic hormones are prescribed for therapy for the following disorders:

• inflammation;
• allergic diseases;
• tumors;
• anemia;
• gynecological pathologies;
• ectopic pregnancy;
• abortion.

Contraceptives often contain a combination of the sex hormones estrogen and progestin. Long-term use of such drugs changes the work of the ovaries, as a result of which the ovulation process is eliminated, fertilization in this case becomes impossible.

In some cases, oral contraceptives also perform regulatory functions: they can be prescribed to "correct" the hormonal background in women. Such failures negatively affect not only sexual functions, but also the general condition of the body. Long-term disorders lead to infertility and oncology.

The main hormonal disruption in the female body occurs during menopause. After 35 years, the process of estrogen production slows down. Decreases and progesterone, which is needed to renew endometrial cells in the uterus. In the last stage of menopause, the production of estrogen stops completely.

All systems of the body, from the thyroid gland to carbohydrate metabolism, suffer from menopause. This negatively affects the quality of life. It is especially difficult for the body to tolerate premature menopause, provoked by hormonal disruption. With the help of hormonal drugs, the level of estrogen and progesterone is brought closer to the natural rate.

Common side effects

Prevention and ways to reduce side effects

With the right approach to treatment, the negative effect of hormonal drugs on the body can be minimized. The greatest danger is treatment without specialist supervision. Self-administration of the drug is very dangerous.

When using the drug, you must adhere to simple rules:

• purchase exactly the prescribed drug from a reliable manufacturer, without trying to find an analogue;
• carefully observe the dosage recommended by the doctor;
• take medications on a prescribed schedule;
• do not skip taking a pill or injection;
• in case of a pass, do not increase the dose, trying to correct the hormonal background.

During treatment, the body needs maximum support from the immune system. To raise it, in parallel with hormonal agents, it is recommended to take vitamin and mineral complexes. It should be borne in mind that synthetic vitamins load the kidneys; they can be replaced with a balanced, healthy diet.

The course of treatment is determined individually, but it is desirable that hormone intake should last no longer than nine months. After taking medications, the body needs a little respite. If necessary, treatment is resumed after 2-3 months.

In some pathological conditions, hormonal treatment is the patient's only chance for a full life. It is impossible to refuse taking medications, despite the extensive list of contraindications and side effects.