Chemistry Quiz Questions for Mind Marathon

1. Which Russian chemist was an entomologist and was engaged in beekeeping?
2. What is more dangerous in terms of fire: a barrel filled to the top with gasoline or not completely filled with it?
3. What element are we talking about?
   Everyone needs him when he is only bound
   And it fits with great difficulty
   The whole world of living things is obliged
   Him with vegetable protein.
   Distributed in all three kingdoms,
   Set loose in fire
   And he is in paints and medicines,
   He is needed in peace and in war
4. What element are we talking about?
   In salts, colorless, safe,
   Undoubtedly useful to everyone.
   It's getting very dangerous
   When he is completely free.
   Then it is poisonous, painted
   And it can spread on the ground
   Choking, seemed scary
   As the first gas of all OV
5. How is the Wandering Wisp formed in the swamp described by Arthur Conan Doyle in The Hound of the Baskervilles? Why does the swamp water "gurgle" before the onset of inclement weather?
6. What is the connection between glucose and Christmas tree decorations?

Answers:

1. A.M. Butlerov. He wrote his first scientific work "Day butterflies of the Volga-Ural fauna" and defended it as a dissertation, he was engaged in beekeeping in the estate "Butlerovka" of the Kazan province).
2. (In a barrel not completely filled with gasoline, a mixture of its vapors with air is formed, exploding even from a spark. Therefore, in terms of fire, it is more dangerous than a barrel filled to the top.).
3. (nitrogen).
4. chlorine).
5. When plant residues rot at the bottom of bogs under the influence of microorganisms (methane fermentation), a “bog gas” is formed - methane, which is capable of spontaneously igniting in air, giving rise to “wandering lights”. Before the onset of inclement weather, atmospheric pressure decreases. At high pressure, the gases are kept at the bottom of the swamps, and at low pressure, they go out, spreading in breadth and upward. At this moment, you can hear the characteristic "gurgling of water".
6. Since glucose contains an aldehyde group of atoms, then, like aldehydes, it gives a silver mirror reaction with an ammonia solution of silver oxide. In this reaction, silver oxide is an oxidizing agent, glucose is a reducing agent. As a reducing agent, glucose is used to make Christmas tree decorations (silvering reaction)

Questions and Answers Options for Grade 10 Students

What substance is quenched with water, although it does not burn? - Calcium oxide (CaO) - quicklime.

What acid is always in the stomach of a person, and if there is a lack of it, they drink it as a medicine? - Hydrochloric acid (HCL).

What royal drink has not been drunk by any king? Name its composition. - "Tsarskaya vodka". It is a mixture of concentrated nitric and hydrochloric acids in a ratio of 1: 3.

What is the effect of chloroform on the human body? - By the nature of the action, chloroform is a drug. It causes dermatitis, eczema, and gastrointestinal disturbances. Minor poisoning is accompanied by vomiting, stomach pains.

Why do smart housewives, when storing potatoes in the basement, put a few ripe apples to them? - Ripe apples emit ethylene gas, which slows down growth. Potato tubers last longer and do not germinate.

Why not make plastic bird houses? - Unlike wood, plastic is not able to absorb moisture and release it to the outside, so water vapor released during breathing accumulates, forming high humidity, which is harmful to birds.

What is the source of anthropogenic methane? What effect does it have on the Earth's atmosphere? “These are rice fields, livestock farms, coal mines and landfills. Anthropogenic methane, absorbing infrared radiation from the earth's surface, enhances the greenhouse effect.

What combustion products are emitted from coal-fired power plants? How do they affect the atmosphere? - The products of combustion are CO2, CO, 5O2, ash, etc., they increase the greenhouse effect.

Questions and answersfor11th grade students

What flour is inedible? - Inedible flour, but giving bread, it is mineral fertilizers. This is bone, phosphate rock, apathetic flour.

What's the connection between beets and cake? - Both products contain sugar.

What sugar is not eaten? - Lead sugar, i.e. lead acetate, has a sweetish taste, but is poisonous.

What oil is called Provencal and why? -The best grade of olive oil (transparent, fragrant, solidifying at -60 ° C, Provence oil is named after the province of Provence in the south of France).

Why are the concrete trenches destroying, through which the waste of fat factories is being run? - Waste runoff from fat factories always contains fatty acids, which form calcium soap with cement lime, as a result of which the cement is destroyed and the bond between concrete grains is broken.

6. What is the relationship between glucose and Christmas tree decorations? - Since glucose contains an aldehyde group, it gives a "silver mirror" reaction with an ammonia solution of silver oxide, as a result of the reaction a thin layer of silver is released, which is used to cover Christmas tree decorations.

7. In 1845 the German chemist Christian. Schonbein accidentally spilled a mixture of sulfuric acid and nitric acid on the floor. He mechanically wiped the floor with his wife's cotton apron, rinsed it and hung it over the stove to dry. The apron dried up, but then there was a not very loud explosion and ... the apron was gone. Why did the apron explode? - Threads of cotton fabric are made of cellulose, the elementary monomer unit of which includes three OH groups (hydroxyl groups). Under the action of acids, a nitration reaction occurs with the formation of nitrocellulose (pyroxylin), which explodes with the release of heat and gases.

8. On a clear sunny day, Isaac Newton went out for a walk and met a shepherd. The shepherd advised the scientist to return home so as not to get caught in the rain. Newton did not listen to the shepherd's advice and was punished. Chilled and drenched, he wondered how the shepherd had managed to predict the weather so accurately. The shepherd replied that a ram helped him. How? - Before the rain and in wet weather, the pores of each hair of the animal are filled with water, the wool swells and lengthens. In dry weather, some of the water evaporates and the length of the coat decreases.

9. Do human tears have bactericidal properties? - Human tears contain 0.1% proteins, including the enzyme lysozyme, which has a bactericidal effect. Lysozyme rapidly and completely dissolves many aerobic bacteria. 10. Why do animals lick their wounds for a long time? - It is not for nothing that animals lick their wounds for a long time: in addition to enzymes that kill microorganisms, a special protein is found in saliva that stimulates the reproduction of skin cells and the formation of blood capillaries.

Leading: The next round of our competition is called The Experimenter. Each team is invited - two people.

Your task is to identify several substances by color and with closed eyes by smell.

1st variant of substances

Acetic acid by smell

Gasoline by smell

Formalin by smell

Barium sulphate milky white precipitate

Iron (III) hydroxide brown sediment

2nd variant of substances

Ammonia by smell

Ethyl alcohol by smell

Kerosene by smell

Silver chloride white curdled precipitate

Copper (II) hydroxide blue precipitate

Leading: Let's move on to the second stage of the Experimenter competition.

On the table there are pre-prepared sets of reagents: sodium carbonate solution, diluted hydrochloric acid, calcium hydroxide solution, glass tube, piece of chalk, candle, rubber balls, matches, test tubes.

Leading: I ask you to come up to me, one participant from each team.

Your job is to get carbon dioxide and explain how you did it.

Music sounds, the guys begin to conduct experiments.

CO2 production options:

pour sodium carbonate and hydrochloric acid into a test tube, as a result of the reaction, CO2 will be released;

carry out the reaction of interaction of chalk with hydrochloric acid;

Light a candle or just a match - when any organic matter burns, CO2 is released;

blow into the calcium hydroxide solution through a glass tube;

just inflate a balloon - we breathe out CO2.

(The jury evaluates each of the stages of the "Experimenter" competition by 5 points.)

Leading:Let's move on to the most interesting and exciting tour of our Homework competition.

The first competition "What would it mean?"

Leading; Each team was given the task in advance to draw a drawing on an environmental theme. Now you will exchange your drawings and try to explain in 30 seconds what you think is drawn on them.

Explanation of the command “SOS »

Whales generally eat plankton,

But this whale eats everything.

Oh, he is illegible - a glutton,

And he threw away a lot of litter.

He traded all his meals

That floats around.

Explanation of the command "Vobla"

If the air is polluted,

We will have nothing to breathe.

A spacesuit will be worn by a person

That is a suit for a new age.

Leading: And now the teams will act out environmental scenes.

Sketch of the team “SOS»

"Two grandmothers"

Two grandmothers appear on the stage: Avdotya Nikitichna- village, Marya Ivanovna- urban.

Marya Ivanovna: Avdotya, hello, how are you? How is your health?

Avdotya Nikitichna: Oh! Oh! What health can be now? Sugar, they say, cannot be eaten, salt too, and meat is already harmful. So I decided to become a vegetarian.

Marya Ivanovna: Who did you decide to become?

Avdotya Nikitichna: Who, by whom - a vegetarian!

Marya Ivanovna: Lord, I have come up with some kind of cosmic name. I guess you mean a vegetarian?

Avdotya Nikitichna: Well yes. Yntoy herself, who eats all the vegetables. So I decided to live longer.

Marya Ivanovna: And what happens?

Avdotya Nikitichna: Instead of living longer, I almost died a little earlier.

Marya Ivanovna: How so?

Avdotya Nikitichna: Yes, vegetables are now being processed with some kind of nitractors.

Marya Ivanovna: Ha, ha, ha! You've messed things up again! They are called nitrates and are fed to plants.

Avdotya Nikitichna: Yes, now they even eat ozone. He had already been eaten so much that even some holes in the sky began to appear.

Marya Ivanovna: Oh, don't tell me, my granddaughter said that her fiance recently flew into some kind of pipe! Maybe into this hole, huh? So he sings a song about this, a pitiful one, as romances used to be sung. Let's listen to her.

The song about the ozone hole

(melody from the movie "Cruel Romance")

At last I will tell you:

My sweetheart flew away in vain

I want to fly, I'm going crazy

Into the ozone hole, into space.

Maybe I'll find him there,

Or maybe a meeting with an astronaut,

I'll pass the Milky Way

I will marry the Argonaut.

At last I will tell you:

I'm running into the ozone hole

I dream every day.

Perhaps, flying into a hole,

I will achieve happiness in a moment!

At last I will tell you..

Leading: The ecological scene will be shown by the Vobla team.

Tale about the Turnip

Grandfather and Grandma are sitting on chairs on the stage. Behind them, a squatting girl with a large pattern- Turnip.

Storyteller(reads): Once upon a time there was an old man with an old woman. Once the old man decided to plant a turnip.

The old man pulls back the chair, and everyone sees Repka sitting.

Storyteller: And so that the turnip grows faster and tastes better, I decided to take advantage of the miraculous chemistry.

The grandfather comes out with a bag of mineral fertilizers.

Storyteller: He took the "magic powder" and began to sprinkle the turnip. I tried and overdid it.

The grandfather empties the whole bag.

Storyteller:Then the grandfather decided how to water the turnip. He took the still "living water" from the Don and watered the turnip. My grandfather got tired and decided, so as not to go far, to water the turnip with “dead water” from Temernichka. Grandfather watered the turnip well, conscientiously. A turnip has grown? big-big.

The turnip rises.

Storyteller: Grandfather is calling grandmother.

Grandfather: Look, grandma, what a turnip has grown - beautiful, but blush! We must try it soon.

Grandma: Wait, grandfather, I heard that you must first check the harvest, but you really, probably, overdid it - you watered the turnip with "living water" and "dead", but you poured too many powders!

Grandfather: Yes, okay, grandma, you listened to your fears.

The grandfather bites off a "piece" of the turnip and falls, writhing on a chair, the grandmother cries ...

Storyteller: This is what an unreasonable and careless attitude towards nature and science can lead to ...

The team sings the song.

Lyric - ecological

The harvest has grown high,

But what interest is there in him,

These vegetables are of no use

Even their pig doesn't eat.

Chorus:

The retort is spinning, spinning.

Formulas glow.

It's fine then

When we open the bowels,

We will build chemical plants,

And the waste will only contain water!

We argue a lot about water

How to save it for everyone

We need to remember everything without words,

You can't bake bread without it.

The air is cool, fresh,

But we have a bad dream

As from varnishes "Lokon", "Prelest",

There is ozone in the holes above the ground.

We want to say guys

There are many miracles in chemistry,

All her laws are holy

She is not afraid of the devil and the devil.

Leading:And now the "Team Captains Competition".

Test assignments are offered to the captains.

1. What simple substance is in some cases the hardest, and in others very soft?

b) hydrogen;

c) carbon,

d) oxygen.

Answer: carbon that forms allotropic modifications - diamond and graphite.

2. Which two famous gases are not poisonous, but inthey dieanimals?

a) CO2 and O2;

c) CO2 and K2;

Answer: CO2 and N2 are carbon dioxide and nitrogen.

The captains hand each other the "Black Box".

"Black box" from the team "SOS»

Here is a substance that was first isolated from grape sugar by chemist Joseph Louis Proust in 1802. The taste of this substance is as pleasant as the taste of victory. Answer: glucose.

"Black box" from the "Vobla" team

Here is what most peoples have served as a symbol of constancy, indestructible friendship and hospitality. Answer: salt.

Leading: We ask the jury to evaluate the "Captains Competition" and sum up the results of the meeting.

The teams take the stage and read the farewell lines together:

Friends, our moment of goodbye has come,

We will remember this hour with a smile

The intensity of the struggle and joy in the world of knowledge,

Support for your beloved eyes.

Our KVN is not over here,

We will be resourceful everywhere.

We became friends on KVN not very much

And together we will be in happiness and in trouble!

And everyone is responsible for life on the planet!

Facts That Make Us Think

1. Historical background:

The first law on environmental protection can be considered the edict of the English king Edward 1, adopted in 1273, which prohibited the use of coal for heating homes in London. For violation of the edict, the death penalty was imposed.

Under King Edward III in 1336, parliament passed a law forbidding the dumping of garbage on the Thames.

2. Up-to-date information:

1/3 of the world's oceans are covered with an oil film plus industrial wastewater and household waste.

The chemical composition of the soil has drastically changed due to the excess of fertilizers, pesticides, various metals and their compounds, the disposal of radioactive substances.

Industrial emissions of carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide lead to atmospheric pollution.

In some areas of the planet, local climate changes are already taking place due to air pollution.

Photochemical smog is formed over cities, which includes carcinogenic organic substances that have a harmful effect on the human body.

More than 600 thousand tons of freon are released into the atmosphere annually, which leads to the destruction of the ozone layer, and this, in turn, delays UV rays and reduces the intensity of solar short-wave radiation.

33% of the salt and 60% of the world's magnesium are extracted from the oceans.

In the Middle Ages, people extracted only 18 chemical elements from the earth's crust, and at the end of the 20th century more than 80.

Several countries are already importing fresh water and there are even projects to pump water from Greenland to Europe, and from Antarctica to South America and Africa.

American scientists estimate that there are millions of plastic bags, bottles and plastic products floating in the North Pacific Ocean. It has become commonplace for these items to be found in the stomachs of marine animals.

Cologne Cathedral, Athens, Acropolis and other historic buildings have suffered more in the last decade than in all previous centuries!

Lesson topic: Carbohydrates. Glucose, its structure and properties.

Lesson objectives:

Discuss the importance of carbohydrates in nature and human life, bring students to the realization of the practical importance of chemical knowledge in human life.

Create conditions for the development of skills in analysis, predictive qualities of the mind when performing a chemical experiment to recognize functional groups of glucose.

To promote the development of thinking through the establishment of cause-and-effect relationships "structure of matter - properties of matter - use of matter."

To create conditions for the implementation of creative activity, the ability to independently find a solution to the problem posed, the formation of cognitive UUD.

Lesson type: learning new material.

Leading teaching methods: problem-search conversation, chemical experiment.

During the classes

Organizing time.

Motivational - orientational.

Today I want to start the lesson with a poem:

You pour in strong tea
Good sucrose
Stir in a cup with a spoon.
Grape glucose,
And honey fructose
And milk lactose
They love an adult and a kid.
But starch and fiber,
That really, really savory
You won't surprise us either.
This is how nature works -
It is too… (students answer)

- What do you think, for what purpose I read this poem? ( this is the topic of our lesson)

- Today in the lesson, as you understood from the poem, we are starting to study such a class of organic compounds as carbohydrates.

Let us remember where we have already met with these substances?

These compounds were considered by you in the course of biology. Now I invite Ionova Regina to make a short report on the topic "The biological role of carbohydrates, their classification").

Students conclude: Carbohydrates are important chemical compounds.

Now, I draw your attention to the epigraph to the second part of our lesson: (slide 1)

“A chemist doesn't have to be like that
who sees nothing further than smoke and ash,
but one that, based on experimental data
can draw theoretical conclusions "

M.V. Lomonosov

- Why do you think I took these words as an epigraph to our lesson?
- What are we going to do based on this epigraph?
- Today we will not have experiments, but an experiment.
- How do you think experience and experiment differ? ( There was an anticipatory self-study assignment for a poorly performing student).

- I will remind you what experience is. Experience is called the reproduction of some phenomenon experimentally, the creation of something new under certain conditions for the purpose of research, testing.
Experiment involves putting forward a hypothesis, then testing it with the help of experience and, finally, a conclusion that confirms or refutes this hypothesis. (A hypothesis is an assumption that needs confirmation). (slide 2)

What do you think is the main task we should set ourselves now?

So today in our lesson a taskwill be as follows: make a conclusion about the nature of the test substance on the basis of the experiment ... (slide 3) Let's agree on what we mean by the nature of the substance? (Composition, structure, properties).

What substance are we talking about now? ( About glucose).

Glucose is an amazing substance, it is an energy reserve of each cell, without glucose the cell dies, excess glucose in the blood leads to the disease - diabetes mellitus. We owe glucose to medicines, confectionery and much more. She is worth a lesson to devote to her.

Formulate the topic of the second part of our lesson: Glucose, its structure and properties. (slide 5)

What do you know about glucose?

- Sweet, highly soluble in water. (slide 6)

Of course, this knowledge is not enough to fully characterize glucose. To get acquainted with its chemical properties and suggest its structure, we turn to experiment. To carry it out correctly, it is necessary to recall a number of theoretical questions on which we will rely during the experiment.

What questions (theories) do we need to remember in order to correctly conduct an experiment, correctly put forward a hypothesis?

1. The main provisions of the theory of chemical structure of A.M. Butlerov. Teacher: The structure of matter, the mutual influence of atoms determine the properties of matter. This position is the leading line of today's lesson.

2. Carbohydrates are oxygenates. Remember the classes of organic compounds that also contain oxygen? (Alcohols, aldehydes, carboxylic acids, ethers, the student at the blackboard writes down the general formulas for these classes of compounds). What functional groups are characteristic for them?

3.What qualitative reactions can be used to recognize carboxylic acid, aldehyde and polyhydric alcohol? (The presence of a carboxyl group can be checked using an indicator - litmus. A quality reagent for polyhydric alcohol - interaction with freshly prepared copper (II) hydroxide. A sign of a reaction is a color change from blue to bright blue. A quality reagent for aldehyde interaction with an ammonia solution of oxide The sign of the reaction is the formation of a precipitate - a “silver mirror” on the walls of the test tube).

Operational and executive.

- We remembered theoretical questions. Let's move on to practice. Remember we are doing an experiment, what should we do first? ( first nominate hypothesis). (slide 7)

Problem statement: Glucose is the most important representative of monosaccharides, therefore it is an oxygen-containing substance. What functional groups can be contained in its molecule?

- Therefore, it can be assumed that the composition of glucose may include one or more hydroxyl groups, or an aldehyde group, or a carboxyl group.

- Now let's check the hypothesis put forward. What research methods will we use for this? ( Chemical experiment and observation).

Remember that conducting an experiment requires precision, accuracy, and care. But first about safety rules. Let's recall the rules for working with an alcohol lamp when heating and fixing a test tube, how to work with caustic substances. (slide 8)

Let's divide the class into three groups, each of which will now turn into a minilab:

The 1st group examines the substance glucose for the presence of hydroxyl groups;
2nd group - for the presence of an aldehyde group; 3rd - for the presence of a carboxyl group and solves the design problem of deriving the formula for organic matter. ( Each group receives a task and instruction).Record the observation results in the table. (slide 9)

Group 1 concludes that as a result of the interaction of the glucose substance with a freshly prepared solution of copper (II) hydroxide, the formation of a bright blue solution is observed, which is characteristic of polyhydric alcohols, hence,the substance contains several hydroxyl groups, and when heated, we get an orange precipitate, which is typical for aldehydes. (for other groups, the experience is clearly demonstrated from the disk 1C "Organic chemistry grade 10-11)

The 2nd group concludes that as a result of the interaction of a substance with an ammonia solution of silver oxide, a "silver mirror" reaction is observed, which is characteristic of the aldehyde group, hence, the composition of the substance includes an aldehyde group (for other groups, the experience is clearly demonstrated from disk 1C "Organic chemistry class 10-11).

Group 3, presenting the solution to the problem, concludes that the molecular formula of the substance is C 6 H 12 O 6. The absence of a change in the color of the indicator indicates the absence of a carboxyl group in the glucose molecule.

Given: Solution:

% (C) \u003d 40% (0.4)
% (H) \u003d 6.7% (0.067) CxHyOz
% (O) \u003d 53.3% (0.533)
M (glucose) \u003d 180 g / mol1) x: y: z \u003d 0.4 / 12: 0.067 / 1: 0.533 / 16
x: y: z \u003d 0.033: 0.067: 0.033
formula \u003d? x: y: z \u003d 1: 2: 1 ––\u003e CH 2 O
2) n \u003d M (glucose) / M (CH 2 O)
n \u003d 180/30 \u003d 6 ––\u003e С 6 Н 12 О 6

Answer: the formula is C 6 H 12 O 6.

What confirms our hypothesis? What class can we classify glucose into?

- Glucose has the properties of both polyhydric alcohols and aldehydes. Hence,glucose is a polyhydric aldehyde alcohol. (slide 10)

So, we have come to solving the problem of removing structural glucose formulas.

We know the formula C 6 H 12 O 6 and the chemical properties of the substance based on experimental data. So try to formulate its structural formula. Remember: 1 - carbon atom is 4-valency, 2 - the substance contains one aldehyde group, 3 - alcohol groups, respectively, there will be 5. The presence of 5-hydroxyl groups is confirmed by a glucose ester containing 5 residues of acetic acid and experimentally proves that all atoms C are linked together in a straight chain. Let's write a formula expressing the structure of glucose.

How should the hydroxyl groups be located: in pairs at the same carbon atom or at different ones?

Student response:

Different, otherwise the molecule will be unstable.

It was found that in the third C atom the OH group is located differently than in other C atoms, and the common structure of glucose looks like this:

Output: thus glucose is an aldehyde alcohol, more precisely, a polyhydric aldehyde alcohol.

Introducing Cyclic Forms of Glucose.

However, it has been found that in a glucose solution, in addition to linear molecules, there are also cyclic molecules that make up crystalline glucose. Thus, in an aqueous solution of glucose in dynamic equilibrium there are three of its isomeric forms - cyclic α-form, linear and cyclic β-form. In aqueous solutions, glucose is found mainly in cyclic forms and less than 1% in aldehyde (open) form. The alpha and beta forms of glucose are isomeric to each other. (slide 11)

Teacher: the molecular composition of С 6 Н 12 О 6 corresponds to many substances of various structures, do you know which substance has the same composition as glucose? (slide 12)

(fructose)

What is the difference in the structure of these two substances?

Fructose is much sweeter than glucose, does not give reactions to the aldehyde group of glucose, and melts at a lower temperature. This confirms once again that the properties of substances are a function of their chemical structure.
- What are the names of such substances that have the same molecular formula, but different structures? (Student response)

Chemical properties of glucose.

Finding out the structure of the glucose molecule, guys, what properties have we already determined?

1) interacts with Cu (OH) 2, with the formation of a bright blue solution of copper (II) gluconate;

2) interacts with Ag 2 O in an ammonia solution to form free silver and gluconic acid;

3) interacts with Cu (OH) 2, forms a red precipitate when heated;

Chemical properties of glucose: a) as an aldehyde b) as a polyhydric alcohol, we considered. It also has specific properties; under certain conditions, it undergoes fermentation reactions.

Teacher: At home,using the materials of the textbook, write down the chemical properties of glucose. (page 135 table 13).

In connection with the consideration of the chemical properties of glucose, it is interesting to recall an episode from the novel "Unclean Power" by Valentin Pikul, which deals with an unsuccessful attempt to poison Rasputin in 1916.

“With a creak, Lazovert pulled on rubber gloves, ground the crystals of potassium cyanide into powder ... The doctor generously and thickly saturated the inside of the cakes with a terrible poison.

…Rasputin reluctantly ate the poisonous cake. Liked it - reached for the second. Yusupov tensed internally, ready to see the corpse in front of him. But Rasputin calmly finished the eighth petit four ...

Teacher. Why didn't potassium cyanide kill Rasputin?

Pupils express different hypotheses, a lively conversation arises.

* Rasputin was considered a saint.

* He was in good health.

* He was a very powerful person.

* The point is not in Rasputin himself, but in the action of the wine with which he washed down the cake.

* Maybe the effect of glucose and sucrose, which were in the cake, affected?

* The poison was expired.

* They put in a little poison.

* Glucose neutralizes poison, it loses its properties.

Problem solution and conclusions.

Teacher. Listen to the opinion of scientists and decide which hypothesis answers this question.

For a long time, with the danger of cyanide poisoning, it was recommended to keep a piece of sugar on the cheek. Scientists have shown that glucose interacts with cyanides to form a non-toxic compound called cyanohydrin glucose. Take this into service. (slide 13)

The guys are surprised and remember this property of glucose.

Getting glucose

Remember, in what ways can you get glucose? (Answer and write the reaction equations on the board).

Photosynthesis reaction.

6CO 2 +6 H 2 O chlorophyll C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 + Q

Starch hydrolysis (teacher writes the equation).

Teacher. Can you get glucose from the substance you know, formalin? When they are going to preserve (preserve) the tissue, killing all living things in it - putrefactive microorganisms, fungi, bacteria, - they give this advice: "Put the drug in formalin."

An active discussion arises, several opposing opinions are expressed.

* No, because formalin kills all living things, and glucose supports life.

* It is possible, but this glucose cannot be eaten.

* Anything is possible in chemistry.

* You can, because a chemical reaction produces a new substance with new properties.

* No, these substances have completely different properties.

Teacher. Thanks for the hypotheses. Which one is correct, you will see for yourself.

But the great Russian chemist A.M. Butlerov saw in this substance one of the sources of life: in solutions of weak bases, formalin molecules, combining with each other, form a chain of carbohydrates.Polymerization reaction.

So in 1861 Butlerov proved that death gives birth to life. Record this method of producing glucose in your notebook. (slide 15)

Reflective-evaluative.

Test on the topic “Carbohydrates. Glucose"

Choose one answer out of four:

1. Glucose refers to:

1) disaccharides;
2) monosaccharides;
3) polysaccharides;
4) carboxylic acids.

2. Glucose by chemical structure is:

1) monohydric alcohol;
2) an aldehyde;
3) polyhydric alcohol;
4) polyhydric aldehyde alcohol.

3. Molecular formula of glucose:

1) CH 3 COOH;
2) C 6 H 12 O 6;
3) C 12 H 22 O 11;
4) NSON.

4. The isomer of glucose is:

1) sucrose;
2) fructose;
3) lactose;
4) starch.

5. Glucose forms cyclic forms:

1) only -form;
2) and -forms;
3) only -forms;
4) does not form.

6. Crystalline glucose contains molecules:

1) with an open chain of atoms;
2) cyclic structure;
3) aldehyde and cyclic forms.

7. Glucose as an aldehyde reacts with

2) magnesium;

8. Glucose as a polyhydric alcohol reacts with

1) copper (II) hydroxide when heated;
2) magnesium;
3) copper (I) hydroxide when heated;
4) copper (II) hydroxide at room temperature.

Homework.

§32. From the biology course, name the areas of application for glucose and perform the test.

Test:

1) At the beginning of the XX century. doctors already knew that sugar is a "white death", but very slow and sweet. The same doctors, having thoroughly studied the table of D.I. Mendeleev, found several full-fledged sugar substitutes, which did not differ from it in taste, but did not cause diabetes and tooth decay.

What is the name of one of the sugar substitutes?

V a r i a n t y . Pinacon,sorbitol , glycerin.

2) Bleeding of the gums, ulcers on the oral mucosa, loosening and loss of teeth, covering the body with bruises - these are signs of the disease - scurvy.

With a lack of which vitamin in the body does this painful disease develop?

V a r i a n t y . FROM , D, A.

3) What is the name of the joint disease caused by the metabolic disorder of uric acid in the body, which is caused by lactic acid?

V a r i a n t y . Rheumatism, radiculitis, gout .

4) The common frog can spend the winter frozen into the ice, and comes back to life in the spring. This phenomenon is based on the increased content of which carbohydrate in her blood?

V a r i a n t y . Glucose , fructose, galactose.

5) What is the name of the salt, which is used in medical practice for allergic, skin diseases, pulmonary and nosebleeds, with increased excretion of calcium from the body?

V a r i a n t y . Calcium gluconate , lead acetate, copper glycerate.

6) The product of one of the types of glucose fermentation is a substance that is used as an irritant for rubdowns, compresses. What is this substance?

V a r i a n t y . Methanol,ethanol , butanol.

7) What isomer of glucose, due to which sperm receive energy, is synthesized in the seminal vesicles?

V a r i a n t y . Fructose , mannose, halose.

8) Glucose is used in the production of mirrors and Christmas tree decorations. What type of chemical reactions is behind this production?

V a r i a n t y . Substitution,oxidation , accession

Leading: Hello dear friends! We begin our meeting of the Club of the Merry and Resourceful. Today we will witness battles between the Vobla and SOS teams.

Teams go out into the hall to the music and applause from the fans.

Leading: A respected jury will help us in resolving disputes and assess the upcoming competitions: the headmaster, the head teacher, teachers of chemistry, physics, literature, two students.

So, the first round of our meeting! The gong sounds!

Contest "Greetings"

I ask the team captains to come to the jury table for the draw.

Captains choose tickets from No. 1 and No. 2.

Greetings from the team “Sos»

We are glad to compete with you

We are humor and laughter and deeds.

We welcome you, friends!

You can't live without humor and laughter!

The purpose of our meeting is joke and communication,

Exchange of fun, glance, opinion.

We are happy to win and lose.

Let's cross our eyes like swords in the game!

Greetings from the Vobla team

How many scholars are here,

There is nowhere for an apple to fall.

It will be difficult for us to win

We will not hit our face in the dirt.

Appeal from the team “SOS»To the fans

How many good girls

Gathered around here now

But one thought worries me:

Will they support SOS, my friend?

The game will not rest for us,

And you have to be strong in spirit.

The love of the restless cheerleaders

Will help you survive, win!

Leading: We ask the jury to sum up the results of the first round of the "Greetings" competition.

The results are announced and posted on the scoreboard.

Leading: We are starting the second competition: "Unscramble the name of the team." The floor is given to the Vobla team.

We took Vobla literally,

And not in any dissent,

And we dedicate an ode to this fish,

And we, and you, and everyone to please.

Oda Voble

In those long, distant years

You were the queen of the ball.

Now you have become an exhibit

You go into oblivion forever.

You were eaten often, a lot, delicious,

With potatoes, with beer, with cabbage,

She saved the common people from hunger,

And now you are almost gone.

So as not to show you in museums

Like dinosaurs, extinct beasts,

To the joy of being people.

And we all shouted "SOS",

And we love her seriously.

Save the rest - creature

Mother Nature,

So that she does not go into legend,

Was an idol for people!

And it's good that we called

Team "Vobloy" dear,

Solemnly recognized

Alive, real, not a dream.

Leading: The floor is given to the SOS team.

"SOS" - short - save souls,

Nature has been shouting to everyone for a long time.

Close your eyes, shut your ears

And to survive is not meant to be ...

Let's sound the alarm together

Because everyone is responsible

How can we live in the new century

Leading: We are starting the third round of our “Warm-up” competition.

Conditions of the competition: each team prepared three questions with their own answers and asks them in turn to each other. Thinking time 30 seconds. The jury evaluates the speed, correctness and originality of the answers.

Questions and Answers Options for Grade 10 Students

1. What substance is quenched with water, although it does not burn? - Calcium oxide (CaO) - quicklime.

2. What acid is always in the stomach of a person, and if there is a lack of it, they drink it as a medicine? - Hydrochloric acid (HCL).

3. What royal drink has not been drunk by any king? Name its composition. - "Tsarskaya vodka". It is a mixture of concentrated nitric and hydrochloric acids in a ratio of 1: 3.

4. What effect does chloroform have on the human body? - By the nature of the action, chloroform is a drug. It causes dermatitis, eczema, and gastrointestinal disturbances. Minor poisoning is accompanied by vomiting, stomach pains.

5. Why do smart housewives, when storing potatoes in the basement, put a few ripe apples to them? - Ripe apples emit ethylene gas, which slows down growth. Potato tubers last longer and do not germinate.

6. Why shouldn't plastic bird houses be made? - Unlike wood, plastic is not able to absorb moisture and release it to the outside, so water vapor released during breathing accumulates, forming increased humidity, which is harmful to birds.

7. What is the source of anthropogenic methane? What effect does it have on the Earth's atmosphere? “These are rice fields, livestock farms, coal mines and landfills. Anthropogenic methane, by absorbing infrared radiation from the earth's surface, enhances the greenhouse effect.

8. What combustion products are emitted by coal-fired power plants? How do they affect the atmosphere? - The products of combustion are CO2, CO, 5O2, ash, etc., they increase the greenhouse effect.

Questions and answersFor 11th grade students

1. What flour is inedible? - Inedible flour, but giving bread, it is mineral fertilizers. This is bone, phosphate rock, apathetic flour.

2. What is the connection between beetroot and cake? - Both products contain sugar.

3. What sugar is not eaten? - Lead sugar, i.e. lead acetate, has a sweetish taste, but is poisonous.

4. What oil is called Provencal and why? -The best grade of olive oil (clear, fragrant, solidifying at -60 ° C, Provence oil named after the province of Provence in the south of France).

5. Why are the concrete trenches destroyed, through which the waste of fat factories is run? - Waste runoff from fat factories always contains fatty acids, which form calcium soap with cement lime, as a result of which the cement is destroyed and the bond between concrete grains is broken.

6. What is the relationship between glucose and Christmas tree decorations? - Since glucose contains an aldehyde group, it gives a "silver mirror" reaction with an ammonia solution of silver oxide, as a result of the reaction a thin layer of silver is released, which is used to cover Christmas tree decorations.

7. In 1845 the German chemist Christian. Schonbein accidentally spilled a mixture of sulfuric acid and nitric acid on the floor. He mechanically wiped the floor with his wife's cotton apron, rinsed it and hung it over the stove to dry. The apron dried up, but then there was a not very loud explosion and ... the apron was gone. Why did the apron explode? - Threads of cotton fabric are made of cellulose, the elementary monomer unit of which includes three OH groups (hydroxyl groups). Under the action of acids, a nitration reaction occurs with the formation of nitrocellulose (pyroxylin), which explodes with the release of heat and gases.

Today there will be an industrial reportage from the Beauty and the Beast series.
When you take out a bright ball from a beautiful package, which you then hang on the Christmas tree, you probably don't even think about where and how it was made.
Yes, the bulk of Christmas tree decorations now come from China, but still not all.
There are four enterprises in Ukraine that produce good old glass Christmas tree decorations and it is quite possible that some of the balls on your Christmas tree are made on one of them.
For example, in a completely old-school factory, which is located near Kiev.
It is hard to believe that colorful balls can be produced in such an entourage trash place.
Also, how difficult it is to believe that every ball is blown out by workers to the detriment of their health, because the production of Christmas tree decorations is incredibly harmful.
So, welcome to the place where the real soviet trash and the magic of the holiday loved by millions of people are surprisingly combined - to the Klavdievskaya factory of Christmas tree toys.

2. The Klavdievskaya factory has been operating since the distant 1949 and today, little by little, it is getting out of the long-term crisis caused by the collapse of the USSR.
I can imagine how difficult it is for an enterprise operating only 2 months a year to survive amid the massive expansion of cheap Chinese consumer goods.
This is probably why I don’t want to paint this reportage in critical colors, but just talk about how ordinary people in an old Soviet factory make beauty for the main holiday of the year.

3. The factory has four workshops, which are located in different buildings.
It all starts with a glass blower in this old two-story building with cheerful, multicolored chimneys.

4. The factory found a great way to increase profits in addition to the main activity - the production of toys.
It allows you to see how it's done for money.
And this is a huge respect! I really love doing industrial reporting and it usually takes some effort to get production done.
And here the company itself shows how everything is done.
And, it should be noted, very successful.
We shot on a weekday and the traffic was incredible. In a literal sense, crowds of children and all the arriving and arriving buses.

5. The scoop is, of course, everywhere.
And it's very entourage.
This photo shows two completely different generations of slogans)

6. I wonder what party they are working for now)

7. Glass-blowing shop. The workplace is simple - a gas burner, pipes with gas and compressed air, an exhaust chute and a table.

8. Hellish labor. In the truest sense of the word.

9. The raw material for the Christmas tree decoration is ... hollow glass tubes.
First, they are heated and separated into ball blanks.
The heated glass begins to melt, becomes plastic and viscous. This separates the desired parts of the tube.

10. Then this elongated fused piece of glass is twisted with a special hook on one side to plug this strange tube on one side.
Surprisingly, these fused pieces of glass still remain hollow on the inside.
After all, the ball will then be blown out.

11. Then the workpieces are heated again on the burner to the required temperature

12. In the hand of the future Christmas ball

13. And when the glass reaches the desired temperature, the worker simply blows into the tube, blowing out the ball.

14. The glass should be red-hot and red. Its temperature is about 1000 degrees. The worker has only a few seconds to blow out the balloon.
Moreover, it must be of the right size.
Sometimes they check the caliber with a special measuring instrument, which is on the table next to

15. The ball preforms look like a large transparent drop. The leg through which the ball was blown out does not break off. It will also be needed for silvering and coloring.
One worker blows out 150-200 balls per shift.

16. Before sending to the silver plating workshop

17. This is a different building. There are shops for silvering, painting and decorating balls

18. And again, a real old school - safety posters. These photos are specially for olgalit ... She knows everything and even more about safety. All urgently friend her !!!

19. She's spying on you!

20. The instructions are from 1989!

21. But it's time to go to the shop. It is here, in this picturesque place, real magic is done with balls - they are silver

22. Feeling as if we are in some kind of torture

23. And here is the tool that I was talking about yesterday, offering to make assumptions about its purpose.
This is a needle for injecting a special solution into the ball, which will cover the glass ball from the inside with the thinnest layer of silver. pure silver.

24. The solution consists of silver oxide, ammonia, glucose and distilled water.
It is injected quite a bit, then the workpiece is shaken so that the solution covers the walls inside the ball, and it is lowered for a few seconds into a bath with water heated to 50 degrees, while shaking.
The silver solution hardens on the walls of the ball, covering them with the thinnest uniform layer. The process is called the "silver mirror reaction".
Then the balls go to the external painting area, where they are covered with one color or another. And then they get to the most interesting section ...

25. Filming should not be allowed here, because it is very distracting to employees and prevents them from doing magic.
But we were kindly allowed

25. Here, the balls are turned into those beautiful Christmas decorations that we are used to.
They are painted here

26. Each Christmas tree toy is painted manually according to the sample template

27. All the guys who work in this room are graduates of art schools and schools. After all, their task is to make toys amazing.

28. They draw in parts. For example, first white snow is applied to the entire batch, then a green tree, then a house, then a window in the house, etc.

29. Ready-made toys to dry

30. Not only balls are made here, but also various three-dimensional toys. For example, such Fushi-Mice. They are also blown, but inside a special shape.

31. Decorating the train. As for me, the balls are prettier and more elegant

32. After the paint is applied, it is fixed by sprinkling with various materials. This creates the effect of rough snow or volumetric sparkles.

33. Can you imagine the painstaking work?

34. Stand with layout templates

35. Artist's workplace

36. Half finished balls

37. It's funny to look for various unusual labels among jars and bottles)

38. Paint toys with acrylics

39. Section of cutting and packing. Here the balls are circumcised - the extra leg is cut off

40. And then the toys end up in the store.
The brand shop at the factory is full house

41. By the way, children can take a small master class, where they will be taught to paint toys.
It's just not easy to get on it - there is a huge queue

42. It's not for you to draw tanks on a notebook sheet)

43. Add some snow and - voila!

44. Final photo. How not to cut down your own bow.

Thanks for the trip Sasha