Gerasim is a janitor who lived with a lady. He is a tall man, very strong, but in addition to these good qualities, he had his own ailment that prevented him from living - he was deaf. Gerasim is uncommunicative, hard-working. He didn't like drunks. As I said, Gerasim ...

Gerasim is a man who belonged to an old lady. He lived in the village, but then he was taken to the city. He looked sullen: big, healthy, strong. But he had one very big drawback: he was deaf and dumb. Gerasim worked as a janitor and was very ...

Small excerpts from "Memories of the family of I. S. Turgenev" by V. Zhitova and the story "Mumu". “Approaching the village, Varvara. Petrovna and all of us were amazed at the extraordinary growth of one peasant plowing in the field. Varvara Petrovna ordered to stop the carriage ...

GERASIM is the central character of I.S.Turgenev's story "Mumu" (1852), a dumb janitor of a tyrant mistress, a man of a strict and serious disposition, a real Russian hero, of enormous height and extraordinary physical strength. G.'s fate is not invented - the basis of the plot ...

No matter how delighted Turgenev is with the poetic power and moral purity of Russia in his native country, he nevertheless notes that centuries of serf bondage have weaned the people away from feeling. himself the owner of his native land, a citizen. This idea is especially clearly manifested in the stories ...

1. New!

   Gerasim is the protagonist of Ivan Turgenev's story "Mumu". (Gerasim is a serf peasant, ordered by a lady from the village and appointed as a janitor in the Moscow house of a landowner.) The qualities of the Russian folk character embodied in Gerasim: heroic ...

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Gerasim is the protagonist of I.S.Turgenev's story "Mumu"

Turgenev all his life was a hater of serfdom. The writer devoted many of his works to the life of serfs.

Creating the image of the main character of the story "Mumu", the author says that Gerasim was the most wonderful, glorious man. Deaf and dumb from birth, he was built as a hero, twelve inches tall. In terms of strength and endurance, the author compares his hero to a bull.

Gerasim is a serf peasant. Its fate depends on the will of the masters. The lady transported Gerasim from the village to the city, tore him off the ground and attached to guard the manor house, to live in a cramped closet. “Relocated to the city, he did not understand that this was happening to him, he was bored and bewildered. Gerasim's occupation in his new position seemed to him a joke after hard peasant labor. " They did not bring him spiritual joy, although he performed his duties with all responsibility and severity.

The hero reveals his rich inner world in love for Tatiana. He is very kind to her, protecting her from the attacks of others, he subtly feels the mood of his beloved. However, Gerasim is not fighting for his happiness. He had to come to terms with the fact that Tatyana was married off to another.

A found and tamed dog helped him cope with loneliness and pain. The hero Mumu gives all his unspent love. "No mother cared for her child as much as Gerasim looked after his pet." He loves her without memory. At the moment of separation from the dog, he calls out, runs, and then grieves, yearns and falls into despair. The author shows us what strong and deep feelings the outwardly gloomy and wild janitor Gerasim is capable of experiencing. What happiness and insane delight overwhelm him when he meets his darling!

And again the hero did not defend his possible happiness. Fulfilling the whim of the wayward lady, he himself kills the creature that he loved more than life.

Man is powerless before his master, so serfdom made him. And yet, the author makes us admire the perfection, the moral strength of his hero. At the end of the work, he commits an unauthorized act for the first time in his life: he leaves the lady for the village, thus showing his protest.

Medvedeva Maria, 5th grade student

Complain

Gerasim is a serf peasant, deaf and dumb from birth, serves as a janitor. Gerasim is a middle-aged man, of strong build, about 2 meters tall. The author considers him a hero and a giant, compares him to a bear. Gerasim is sullen, stern, accustomed to loneliness. He is more attracted to life in the countryside. He is very hard working, diligent, excellent worker. Everyone around respects Gerasim, because he always keeps his promises. A bit rude, but very observant. Gerasim is a believer.

Gerasim was a serf peasant. I had few rights. He was deaf and dumb from birth. He had a mistress to whom he had to obey. Kind, smart, polite, responsible, judicious. He lived according to the principle "We are responsible for those we have tamed." Therefore, he had to drown Mumu, because the hostess asked to do it. Since he was deaf and dumb, it was difficult for him to communicate with people, and Mumu understood him without words. It was very painful for him to kill the dog, he was left all alone. And he died soon after he drowned Mumu.

Gerasim is a serf peasant, deaf and dumb from birth, serves as a janitor. Gerasim is a middle-aged man, of strong build, about 2 meters tall. The author considers him a hero and a giant, compares him to a bear. Gerasim is sullen, stern, accustomed to loneliness. He is more attracted to life in the countryside. He is very hard working, diligent, excellent worker. Everyone around respects Gerasim, because he always keeps his promises. A bit rude, but very observant. Gerasim is a believer.

Gerasim is the protagonist of Ivan Turgenev's story "Mumu". I would even say that he is the only hero of this work. The deaf and dumb tall hero not only outwardly differs from those around him. Economic and hard-working, Gerasim retains a kind heart, sensitive to someone else's misfortune, a broad country soul in Russian, a sense of dignity unprecedented in the period of serfdom. According to Turgenev, "mighty as a tree ... on fertile land", he loved the land, which was not the owner. Everything that this "glorious man" did, he did simply and sincerely, with all his heart. To work is to work, to love is to love. The feelings of the giant Gerasim for Tatyana, who, by order of the lady, were married to a drunkard shoemaker, were tender and touching. After a bitter disappointment in love, the deaf-mute recklessly became attached to the dog he found: “no mother cares for her child as Gerasim did for her pet." But this harmless affection was destroyed by the wayward lady. And yet sorrows and troubles did not break the mighty hero. Gerasim left the city, which had brought him so much grief, and returned to his native village - to the land, rural life, to everything that had always been dear to his heart. And this is his strength and his victory over the vicissitudes of fate of the serf

Gerasim was a serf peasant. I had few rights. He was deaf and dumb from birth. He had a mistress to whom he had to obey. Kind, smart, polite, responsible, judicious. He lived according to the principle "We are responsible for those we have tamed." Therefore, he had to drown Mumu, because the hostess asked to do it. Since he was deaf and dumb, it was difficult for him to communicate with people, and Mumu understood him without words. It was very painful for him to kill the dog, he was left all alone. And he died soon after he drowned Mumu.
Gerasim is a serf peasant, deaf and dumb from birth, serves as a janitor. Gerasim is a middle-aged man, of strong build, about 2 meters tall. The author considers him a hero and a giant, compares him to a bear. Gerasim is sullen, stern, accustomed to loneliness. He is more attracted to life in the countryside. He is very hard working, diligent, excellent worker. Everyone around respects Gerasim, because he always keeps his promises. A bit rude, but very observant. Gerasim is a believer.
ComplainThanks0

Gerasim was a serf peasant. I had few rights. He was deaf and dumb from birth. He had a mistress to whom he had to obey. Kind, smart, polite, responsible, judicious. He lived according to the principle "We are responsible for those we have tamed." Therefore, he had to drown Mumu, because the hostess asked to do it. Since he was deaf and dumb, it was difficult for him to communicate with people, and Mumu understood him without words. It was very painful for him to kill the dog, he was left all alone. And died soon after drowning Mumu
ComplainThanks0

Gerasim is a serf peasant, deaf and dumb from birth, serves as a janitor. Gerasim is a middle-aged man, of strong build, about 2 meters tall. The author considers him a hero and a giant, compares him to a bear. Gerasim is sullen, stern, accustomed to loneliness. He is more attracted to life in the countryside. He is very hard working, diligent, excellent worker. Everyone around respects Gerasim, because he always keeps his promises. A bit rude, but very observant. Gerasim is a believer. Gerasim was a serf peasant. I had few rights. He was deaf and dumb from birth. He had a mistress to whom he had to obey. Kind, smart, polite, responsible, judicious. He lived according to the principle "We are responsible for those we have tamed." Therefore, he had to drown Mumu, because the hostess asked to do it. Since he was deaf and dumb, it was difficult for him to communicate with people, and Mumu understood him without words. It was very painful for him to kill the dog, he was left all alone. And he died soon after he drowned Mumu. Gerasim is a serf peasant, deaf and dumb from birth, serves as a janitor. Gerasim is a middle-aged man, of strong build, about 2 meters tall. The author considers him a hero and a giant, compares him to a bear. Gerasim was sullen, stern, accustomed to being alone. He is more attracted to life in the countryside. He is very hard working, diligent, excellent worker. Everyone around respects Gerasim, because he always keeps his promises. A bit rude, but very observant. Gerasim is a believer

Serfdom and personality (based on the story of I. Turgenev "Mumu")

One of the most difficult to understand works, which is included in the 5th grade curriculum, is the story of I.S. Turgenev "Mumu". It is very difficult for fifth-graders to appreciate the full depth and seriousness of a work. First of all, the guys feel sorry for the unfortunate dog Mumu, they regret and at the same time admire the heroic strength of the deaf-mute Gerasim, someone condemns him for drowning Mumu without trying to resist the lady. That is, first of all, these are emotions. And the whole complexity of this work lies in the fact that, throwing away emotions, to see in the deaf-mute Gerasim a symbol of serf Russia - just as strong, powerful and unable to speak, to resist.

This lesson is the last in the study of this work. The results are summed up, conclusions are drawn, the facts of the biography of the writer are recalled.

• 1) Educational:
  • - to repeat the knowledge about childhood and the beginning of the literary path of I.S. Turgenev, plunging into the era in which the writer lived and worked, to develop interest in the personality of the writer and his work;
  • - to recall the history of the creation of the story "Mumu";
  • - consider the characters and their actions.
• 2) Developing:
  • - to form the ability to analyze the text of a work of art;
  • - develop the ability to express your thoughts, evaluate the hero's deed - to generalize, draw conclusions;
  • - to form an idea of \u200b\u200bthe heroes of the work based on the comparison of verbal and graphic images;
  • - learn to concisely present a narrative text;
  • - develop communication skills, enrich vocabulary;
  • - continue work on the development of the culture of speech of schoolchildren
• 3) Educational:
  • - education of common human values;
  • - Ability to work in a group: respect the opinion of a friend, develop a sense of mutual help, support.

During the classes

Good afternoon guys. We have read the story of Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev "Mumu". In our lesson we finish talking about this surprisingly interesting, but at the same time very complex work of the great Russian writer of the second half of the 19th century Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev "Mumu". Today we have to solve a difficult problem, which consists in such concepts: serfdom and personality. Let's write the topic of the lesson in a notebook.

First, we need to define the meaning of these concepts. At home, our classmates looked at the meaning of these words according to S.I.Ozhegov's explanatory dictionary and wrote it down in a notebook. Let's read them. (Prepared students read definitions.)

Serfdom is a historical system in Russia, a form of peasants' dependence: their attachment to the land and submission to the administrative and judicial power of the feudal lord. In Western Europe (where in the Middle Ages English villans, Catalan Remens, French and Italian servos were serfs), elements of serfdom disappeared in the 16th-18th centuries. In Central and Eastern Europe, severe forms of serfdom spread during the same centuries; here serfdom was abolished during the reforms at the end of the 18th-19th centuries. In Russia, on a nationwide scale, serfdom was formalized by the Code of Laws of 1497, by decrees on reserved years and levies, and finally by the Cathedral Code of 1649. In the 17th-18th centuries. the entire non-free population merged into the serf peasantry. Canceled by the peasant reform of 1861).

Serf - Serf - 1. Belonging to the social system, under which the landowner had the right to forced labor, property and personality of the peasants attached to the land and belonging to him. 2. Serf peasant.

Personality is a person as a carrier of some properties.

The story "Mumu" was written in 1851, nine years before 1861, when serfdom was abolished. Let's write in a notebook:

• 1852 - the story "Mumu", 1861 - the abolition of serfdom.
• - What is serfdom?
• (Message pre-trained student)

The entire population of Russia was divided into several groups called estates: the nobility, the clergy, the merchants, the bourgeoisie (small merchants, artisans, small employees), the peasantry. A person could pass from one class to another in very rare cases. The nobility and clergy were considered privileged estates.

The nobles had the right to own land and people - serfs. More than half of the peasant population of Central Russia was serfs.

• - What do you know about serfs? (Children's answers)
• - The nobleman who owned the peasants could impose any punishment on them, could sell the peasants, including separating families; for example, to sell a mother to one landowner and her children to another. Serfs were considered by law to be the complete property of the master. In fact, it was a legalized form of slavery. The peasants had to work for the landowner in his field (corvee) or give him part of the money they earned (quitrent).

Often the nobles lived in the villages they owned, but it so happened that the nobles traveled, lived in the city or abroad, and the manager was in charge of the village. If a noble family lived in their own house in the city, they were served by numerous nobles, that is, serfs who lived with their owners in the city.

• - Guys, what class did I.S. Turgenev belong to?
• (Children's answers)
• - Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev was born in the Oryol province. The village of Spasskoye-Lutovinovo is located several versts from Mtsensk. Uyezd town of the Oryol province. A huge manor house, in a birch grove, with a horseshoe-shaped manor, with a church, with a house of forty rooms, endless services, greenhouses, wine cellars, storerooms, stables, with a park and an orchard.

Spasskoye belonged to the Lutovinovs. The last of the Lutovinovs was owned by the girl Varvara Petrovna, the mother of the future writer. What information do you know about her?

Pupil:Turgenev's mother, Varvara Petrovna, nee Lutovinova, is a domineering woman, intelligent and sufficiently educated, she did not shine with beauty. She was short, short, with a broad face, spoiled by smallpox. And only the eyes were good: large, dark and shiny. Having lost her father early, she was brought up in the family of her stepfather, where she felt like a stranger and powerless. She was forced to run away from home and found shelter with her uncle, who kept her in austerity and threatened to kick her out of the house for the slightest disobedience. But suddenly the uncle died, leaving his niece a huge estates and almost five thousand serfs.

She was already nearly thirty years old when a young officer, Sergei Nikolaevich Turgenev, drove into Spasskoye to buy horses from her factory. What information do we know about Ivan Sergeevich's father?

Pupil: This was a young officer who came from an old noble family, which had become impoverished by that time. He was handsome, graceful, intelligent.

Varvara Petrovna immediately fell in love with a young officer. Their wedding took place in 1816. A year later, they had a son, Nikolai, and then a son, Ivan. And what does Turgenev remember about his childhood?

Pupil: Varvara Petrovna was mainly involved in raising children. The sufferings endured in her stepfather and uncle's house were reflected in her character. Wayward, capricious, she treated her children unevenly. “I have nothing to remember my childhood with,” Turgenev said many years later. - Not a single bright memory. I was afraid of my mother like fire. I was punished for every trifle - in a word, drilled like a recruit. Rarely did a day pass without rods, when I dared to ask what I was being punished for, my mother categorically declared: "You know better about this, guess."

• - Even as a child, having learned the horror of serfdom, young Turgenev gave Annibalov an oath: “I could not breathe the same air, stay close to what I hated ... In my eyes this enemy had a certain image, bore a well-known name: this enemy was a serf right. Under this name I collected and concentrated everything against which I decided to fight to the end - with which I vowed never to try on ... It was my Annibal's oath ”. "Notes of a Hunter", the story "Mumu" - these are the first works in which the vow made by the young writer is carried out.
• - So, let's turn to the story. First, we need to remember the atmosphere of the manor house and its mistress, the lady.
• - What does the lady's house look like? (In one of the remote streets of Moscow, in a gray house with white columns, a mezzanine and a crooked balcony).
• - Draw a verbal portrait of the lady. (An old woman, in a white cap, possibly with a pince-nez). Serfdom personality mumu
• - What did we learn about the lady at the very beginning of the story? (The widow, surrounded by numerous courtyards. Her sons served in Petersburg, her daughters got married; she rarely went out and lived in solitude the last years of her miserly and bored old age. Her day, joyless and rainy, had long passed; but her evening was blacker than night).
• - If we summarize our observations, what conclusion can be drawn? Who is this lady and what is the atmosphere of the house in which all events unfold? (The manor house is neglected, not well-groomed. The old lady, forgotten by everyone, is living out her day. Sons served in Petersburg, daughters got married and, probably, rarely visited their mother).
• - Turgenev shows us an imperious and capricious old woman. But she is not the main character of the story. Who is the main character? (Gerasim).
• - We have to work in groups and answer some questions.
• (Group work)
• Group 1: “How does the author describe Gerasim? How did Gerasim work? Confirm the answers with quotations. "

The approximate answer of children of group 1: Turgenev calls Gerasim "the most wonderful person" from among all the servants. Gerasim was a tall man of a heroic build, deaf and dumb from birth. The author writes: “Gifted with extraordinary strength, he worked for four - the matter was arguing in his hands, and it was fun to look at him when he either plowed and, leaning with huge palms on the plow, it seemed, alone, without the help of a horse, cut the elastic chest of the earth , or on Petrov's day, he acted so crushingly with a scythe that at least a young birch forest was brushed off the roots, or he quickly and non-stop threshing with a three-articulated flail, and like a lever, the oblong and hard muscles of his shoulders lowered and rose. The constant silence gave solemn importance to his restless work. He was a fine man, and if it weren't for his misfortune, any girl would willingly marry him ... "

From this description one can judge the attitude of the author to his hero: Turgenev admires Gerasim, his strength and greed for work. Turgenev speaks of his tirelessness and hard work.

Group 2: “What is comparison? Find comparisons in the description of Gerasim's work. "

The approximate answer of children of group 2: Comparison - the image of one phenomenon by means of comparison with another. Examples of comparisons: "... like a lever, the oblong and hard muscles of his shoulders moved down and up"; Turgenev compares Gerasim to a young, healthy bull, "who had just been taken from a field where lush grass grew up to his belly"; Gerasim feels himself “like a captured animal” in the city; Gerasim "looked like a staid gander"; when Gerasim worked, "the ax rang like glass, and fragments and logs flew in all directions ..."

Group 3: “What is hyperbole? Find examples of hyperboles in the text. What features of Gerasim make the greatest impression on you? "

Approximate answer of children of group 3: Hyperbole is a strong exaggeration. Describing the power of Gerasim, Turgenev uses hyperbole. The writer says about the bed: "one hundred pounds could have been put on it - it would not have been bent." When Gerasim was mowing, he could "brush a young birch forest off the roots." He knocked two cows with their foreheads on each other so that at least you don't take them to the police. Gerasim is strong, he loves to work, is neat, he always does everything thoroughly.

Group 4: “Find in the text a description of Gerasim's closet. Why do you think the author describes the hero's dwelling in such detail? "

The approximate answer of children of group 4: Gerasim's closet was small and located above the kitchen. “… He arranged it for himself, according to his taste: he built in it a bed of oak planks on four logs, a truly heroic bed; a hundred pounds could have been put on it - it would not have been bent; there was a hefty chest under the bed; in the corner there was a table of the same sturdy quality, and next to the table was a chair with three legs, but so strong and squat that Gerasim himself would pick it up, drop it and grin. The closet was locked with a lock that resembled a kalach, only black; Gerasim always carried the key to this lock on his belt. He didn’t like to be visited ”. Turgenev describes Gerasim's closet in such detail in order to show the character of the hero in more detail using this description: unsociable, strong.

• - Let's refer to the illustrations that you have prepared. (Working with illustrations of students. Many students portrayed Gerasim. They give reasons for their answers).
• - What impression did you have of Gerasim? What kind of person was he? Gerasim is like a Russian epic hero. Nature endowed him with beauty, health, intelligence, and a kind heart, but forgot to give him speech and hearing. Gerasim loves peasant work, knows how to work on the land. But working in the garden - with a broom and a barrel - seems ridiculous to him, but he stubbornly carries out the assigned task. Gerasim loves order and neatness in everything. He is one of those who knew his place well, the place of a serf, ready to "exactly" fulfill the orders of the lady.
• - After reading the story to the end, we will see that not all the orders of the lady will be fulfilled by Gerasim. One day he will leave her. Could Gerasim return to the lady's house after fulfilling her cruel order? (No. Gerasim could not forgive the lady and return to her house. He fulfills her cruel order, but does not forgive her).
• - The lady, knowing how Gerasim is attached to Mum, gives a cruel order, not thinking about how Gerasim will feel. But she didn't care. After all, he was an ordinary serf for her, which means that she could do anything with him and his fate.
• - Let's return to the topic of our lesson and try to answer the question: are the concepts of "personality" and "serfdom" compatible? (No. Serfdom is dependence, and personality is freedom. Gerasim chooses freedom).
• - Turgenev portrays Gerasim as dumb from birth for a reason. In the person of Gerasim, he personifies the Russian people, a powerless, silent people under conditions of serfdom. But Gerasim, by his departure, proves that even a silent people can protest and have their own opinion.
• - Imagine that we have to make a "ladder" and place heroes on it. On what level shall we put the lady, and on which Gerasim? (We will put Gerasim on a higher level than the lady).
• - Tell me, what conclusions have you made for yourself? (In any situation, one must remain human. Strive to improve oneself, love others, help them).

Grading. Summing up the lesson.

The genre of this work is a story. The tie. The deaf-mute Gerasim was brought to Moscow from the village. He became a lady's janitor. Development of action. The tyranny of the lady breaks Gerasim's fate. First, the peasant is torn from the ground, brought to the city, forced to do work that is alien to him. Then, at the whim of the lady, Tatyana, who fell in love with Gerasim, is given in marriage to the drunkard Kapiton. In the end, Gerasim is deprived of his only dear creature - Mumu. The climax. The lady ordered to remove the dog from the yard. Interchange. Gerasim obeyed the order of the lady, drowned him in the Mumu river and went back to the village.

Before coming to the city, Gerasim lived in the village, was engaged in hard peasant labor. This work not only fed him, but also gave him pleasure. He, "as if he himself, without the help of a horse," easily plowed the stubborn soil and generally resembled a hero. The change in lifestyle is not encouraging. Turgenev, with the help of images of nature, explains how difficult his new position is for Gerasim. Either the hero of the story looks like a bull, which is being taken to no one knows where, and with all his might and strength he is not able to change his life, then for hours he lies face down in the courtyard of a manor house, like a trapped animal. The description of the interior of his closet also helps to understand Gerasim's character: "a truly heroic bed" on four blocks, a small but very durable table, a three-legged chair - everything was done by him himself. Gerasim smiles, seeing that the chair does not lose its stability even after hitting the ground.

The hero of the story is a peasant serf, the property of a lady. This fact is very important for its characterization. He is obliged to bring benefits to his mistress and not bother with any of his desires. His attention to Tatiana, a washerwoman from a numerous courtyard, his mistress is not at all interesting.

Gerasim distinguishes Tatiana from the whole environment, because with his heart he knows how to guess those who may need his help and protection.

Gerasim's love for the unfortunate rescued puppy, found on the day of parting with Tatiana, arises immediately and for a long time. Having arranged his find, Gerasim fell asleep in some kind of very bright, happy dream. Mumu responds to Gerasim with attention and love.

Why does Gerasim still fulfill the will of the absurd lady? He is a man of bondage and, like any serf, must unquestioningly carry out the master's order. He cannot even marry of his choice. Having fulfilled the order to kill Mumu, he lost the last thing that was dear to him. Gerasim revolts, leaves the city, from the lady, returns to his native village. This is a strong-willed act of a brave and determined person. The image of Gerasim embodies the idea that self-esteem is inherent in a person, regardless of his origin, this image is imbued with author's sympathy.

The lady is an absurd, headstrong, domineering woman. Whims, a change of mood, tyranny govern her actions. For the sake of entertainment, she decides to start the wedding of Tatyana and Kapiton, and when she sees that nothing has worked out of this venture, she sends them out of sight. Interest in Mumu is replaced by anger and a desire to get rid of her. The lady considers herself entitled to

to claim other people's destinies. Any isolated life means nothing to her. Fortunately for Gerasim, she regarded his departure only as ingratitude and did not begin to look for the fugitive and bring a trial.

Observing the fate of the heroes of the story, one can imagine the life of serfs in Russia at that time. Turgenev shows that serfdom disfigures not only the peasants and servants, but also the masters themselves. Gerasim's deaf-mute is not only his own flaw. This is a sign of the impossibility of expressing yourself, being heard.