It is difficult to find an item of clothing as popular, widespread and loved all over the world as jeans. The classic symbol of the American West has become indispensable in wardrobes all over the world. But why? Cowboys can dress them up, but so do supermodels, farmers, housewives and presidents.

Ask a few people why they wear jeans and you will hear very different answers. For example, for some they are comfortable and can be worn for a long time, while for others they are sexy and cool. Jeans mean different things to different people. But is this what explains the worldwide fascination with them?

The topic is not well understood, says anthropologist Danny Miller, whose book Blue Jeans was published last year. In every country he visited - from the Philippines to Turkey, Korea, India and Brazil - Mr. Miller stopped and counted the first 100 he met. Each time it turned out that almost half of them were necessarily dressed in jeans.

They are everywhere, says the researcher. The only exception is the remote regions of China and South Asia. The reason for their success is both cultural significance and physical construction. The very first jeans were designed as workwear for farmers and miners in the western states of America in the late 19th century. When Nevada tailor Jacob Davis was asked to make a pair of sturdy pants for a local worker, it occurred to him to improve them with rivets. The pants proved to be extremely sturdy and quickly became popular.

Mr. Davis realized the potential of his product, but did not have the money to patent it. He then turned to his San Francisco-based fabric supplier, Levi Strauss. Soon, the patented levi "s jeans appeared, which were made from denim and another thick cotton fabric." They very quickly discovered that it was the denim version that would sell, "says Paul Trinka, author of Jeans: From Cowboys to Runways.

The jeans were comfortable, soft, and their blue color made them unique. In addition, indigo dye, unlike others, does not spoil the fabric, remaining on the surface of the fibers. At the same time, over time, the fabric is wiped off, creating a unique pattern and color of jeans. In fact, these clothes keep the history of the worker and the work he performed. "Jeans are the most personal thing you can wear," says Daniel Miller.

Dean and Brando led them out of the shadows. Penetration into the world of everyday wear jeans owe to the fact that they began to symbolize. Before World War II, they were only worn in the western United States. In the American East, they were associated with the romantic image of a cowboy: independent and American, but still a villager and a representative of the working class. Residents of the east wore them only when they wanted to feel the taste of suburban life.

But in New York or Connecticut, jeans were still behind the scenes. They began to be worn in everyday life when they began to symbolize the rebel spirit: the one conveyed by Marlon Brando in the 1953 Savage movie and James Dean in the movie Rebel Without a Cause two years later. "If you were a 15-year-old boy in 1953, you would like to be Marlon Brando," says Lynn Downey, historian and archivist at Levis Strauss & Co. And he adds that Hollywood dressers dressed all the bad guys in these clothes.

However, both James Dean and Marlon Brando wore it not only on the screen. Both belonged to a rebellious counterculture, whose followers got on motorcycles and rode around the States instead of settling in the suburbs and having children. Very quickly, jeans were banned from all schools from coast to coast, and this only added to their popularity among teenagers.

But the trend began to spread outside the United States. After the war, many American youth settled in Europe or Japan, they were guys from the working class of the American West. They proudly wore jeans as a symbol of their home. Europeans, too, quickly wanted to buy pants, symbolizing the easy and happy American life.

In the 1960s, jeans spread among the American middle class. Rebel students began wearing them to show their solidarity with the working class, that is, those who suffered most from racial discrimination and the effects of war. But jeans have become not only a symbol of democratization, they also put different classes on the same level. They were affordable, looked beautiful, both old and new, and they did not need to be washed often, and even less often ironed. They sat on the body so that they were not inferior in these best clothes, which was especially to the taste of women. This ability of jeans to fit one and all has become the secret of their survival in wardrobes.

After World War II, every youth subculture, from rockers to hippies to punks, had jeans in their wardrobe. "It was an individualistic uniform, which is an oxymoron in itself, but which is still popular today," says Paul Trinka.

Mr Miller calls jeans a symbol of casual wear that people feel comfortable in. University of Alberta student Josh Lee tried to wear the same jeans for 15 months without washing, and then tested them for bacterial content. I tested it again two weeks after washing and it turned out that the bacterial content for both periods did not differ significantly.

Different people wear jeans differently, but traditional styles remain the most popular. Paul Trinka: "They are not complicated. They are just jeans, rivets and fibers. The timeless appeal of jeans is that they reflect us and reflect the life we \u200b\u200blive in them."

For several decades, jeans have been the most popular piece of clothing for both men and women. The invention of the Americans of the 19th century - thick denim pants - conquered the world so much that even at the reception of the monarchs, some movie and show business stars appear in shabby blue denim pants. MIR TV journalists recalled the most interesting facts about the history of denim and why one of the most significant revolutions took place in the fashion world because of ordinary work pants.

From mines to social events

The last place on Earth where you can't yet meet a man in jeans is a reception at the Queen of England. Despite her advanced age, Elizabeth II sacredly reveres traditions, and therefore she is rightfully considered the most elegant woman in the whole Foggy Albion. The monarch is famous for the fact that in her entire life she has never put on not only jeans, but even classic trousers.

At receptions, the Queen of England has a strict dress code: ladies come in dresses, men - in tuxedos. This rule in the entire history of the reign of Elizabeth II was violated only once, when Hollywood actress Julia Roberts, arm in arm with legendary musician Mick Jagger, came to the reception in a blue high-rise and a regular T-shirt.

For a long time it was believed that jeans were invented by dashing Texas cowboys who needed durable pants for a long time in the saddle, but this is not entirely true. 2018 marks the 145th anniversary of the first patent for jeans. It was received by Leiba Strauss - the future Levi Strauss - Jewish emigrant from Belgium on May 20, 1873.

A patent was granted for the production of "strapless work overalls with pockets for a knife, money and coins." Originally, jeans were sewn as work pants for gold diggers, as the Gold Rush was raging in California at the time, and workers needed strong pants to withstand long wear.

According to designer Vladimir Bukhinnik,strauss sold the first pair of sewn jeans for one dollar and 26 cents. Feeling the success of his deal, he began to travel to the villages where the families of the gold miners lived, and became interested in what details of clothing are important to them at work. This is how patch pockets, double stitching, thick fabrics were invented, which was easily washed from dried dirt and withstood the test of humidity.

Gradually, the demand for simple trousers in these villages began to fall: the usual fabric tore in the area of \u200b\u200bthe pockets due to the fact that the workers had to heavily load them. But for denim pants, all these problems were overwhelming.

Where did the name "jeans" come from? It is known that even at the end of the 16th century, sailors in the Italian city of Genoa wore canvas pants. The French who invented this fabric began to call it in the American manner "Genes", or "Genes", which meant "Genoa".

The fabric for them was produced in large batches at the factory in the French city of Nimes - Sarges de Nimes. So the fabric got its modern name "denim", which has remained synonymous with the word "jeans" to this day. True, denim pants became true jeans only when the American master Jacob Jevis suggested that Ostrich put rivets on his pockets for increased strength. These rivets were originally intended for horse harness.

Jeans versus politics

In the USSR, the first jeans appeared only in the mid-50s of the last century and immediately became the subject of a great political game. The fact is that after the death of Joseph Stalin, Georgy Malenkov became the country's leader. Under him, industry and the national economy made a rapid turn towards man. Malenkov planned to throw all his strength into the development of the light and food industries, but the conspiracy of officials from the party dissatisfied with such a policy succeeded, and since 1955 Malenkov was removed from the post of leader of the state.

Nikita Khrushchev, who came to replace him, sharply changed development priorities towards heavy industry and production. Who knows, if Malenkov had stayed in power, jeans could have come to the Soviet Union earlier, but everything happened differently.

“It was connected with big politics, even despite the fact that it was just clothes,” notes writer Alexander Myasnikov. According to him, Malenkov was accused of wanting to give way not to the construction of heavy machine tools, but to simple clothing, which the Soviet people really lacked. Jeans, gum, toys became the weapon of the big political game in the Cold War. The people who did not have these simple benefits felt more disadvantaged.

A real boom in jeans took place in the USSR in 1957 during the World Festival of Youth and Students in Moscow. Foreign guests brought bright colors to the dull Moscow fashion. Jeans became an item of clothing for dandies and fashionistas in large Soviet cities.

The farmers were reselling American denim pants for about 200 rubles, despite the fact that the engineer's salary did not exceed 100 - 120 rubles per month. By the way, it was jeans that became one of the main factors in the manifestation of the shadow Soviet economy. Underground guild workers opened a wide road for speculation.

A million thanks to the suit

In America, there is a saying: "God made people different, and Colonel Colt made them the same." It is about the fact that the Colt revolver has equalized the rights of both the strong and the weak. The same can be said about jeans, as this piece of clothing has become common to the wardrobe of a wide variety of people. Today they are worn by the heirs of the British crown, workers, and popular movie stars.

The fact is that before the 1930s, clothing meant much more to Americans than it does today. Without a decent suit, it was impossible to achieve success and make a career. It is known that, for example, the famous multibillionaire Aristotle Onasis, who bought Jacqueline Kennedy as his wife after the murder of her husband John, began his career as a washer and spent the first 40 dollars of his earnings on an expensive suit.

“The costume has a huge impact on the quality of life. There are historical examples of how Onasis, being a very young ambitious person, bought new clothes only to move to a new level in society, ”shares director of the fashion house, designer Irina Seluta.On the sidelines of an English club, an intelligent, resourceful, but extremely poor young man learned that a tobacco crisis was threatening, after which he decided to smuggle tobacco from Mexico. The first scam helped him make a million.

Jeans entered Europe and other countries such as Japan along with American troops during World War II. Then jeans were part of the uniform of the US Army, so the Americans brought to Japan not only atomic bombs and rock and roll, but also practical pants with the label "Made in the USA".

By the way, Japanese denim is still considered one of the highest quality denim in the world. They say that the highest quality of jeans in Japan is explained by the fact that after the war the Americans sold them their outdated equipment, which allowed them to produce very high-quality fabrics.

Recently, Japanese fashion designers have marketed anti-aging jeans. The fabric is impregnated with amino acids that prevent aging processes and protect the skin from harmful bacteria, the effect lasts for two years. 55 thousand pairs of these jeans were sold out in four days. The Japanese even managed to combine the latest achievements of science with loyalty to traditions in clothing.

What jeans in Hollywood

Jeans owe much of their popularity to Hollywood. In the Westerns of the 30s, dashing cowboys all wore blue denim as one. In 1935, Vogue magazine published an article about the ranch with pictures of girls in jeans - and this was no longer uniform, but a new fashion.

But the real turnaround for jeans came in the 1950s, when screen star Marilyn Monroe wore jeans in The River Doesn't Turn Back. Years later, these jeans were sold for $ 75,000 to singer Britney Spears. In 1956, the cult film Rebel Without a Cause was released with James Dean, who also wore denim pants for half the scenes.

“Aesthetics have so penetrated the minds of mankind that the most feminine divas in Hollywood have also changed into denim suits - Marlene Dietrich or Marilyn Monroe. All progressive mankind began to wear such clothes, ”says designer Vladimir Bukhinnik.

The hippies who dressed up the whole world

The global denim boom swept the whole world in the 60s of the last century, in the era of the spread of the hippie subculture. Jeans, it was said then, painted the streets of America and Europe blue. Over time, they began to decorate their pants with rhinestones, patches, beads and embroidery. These stylistic additions are still popular today.

The popularity of jeans has reached its climax: today they are worn by people of all ages and nations. In China, in 2006, a monument to jeans was even opened - it is a ball made of pants of different shades of blue, weighing up to two tons. The denim line is still produced in all fashion houses: jeans are sewn in all colors of the rainbow, straight and flared, stretch, from denim they sell suits, dresses, skirts and shorts. Jeans are specially aged, add abrasions, tear and decorate with jewelry.

It is no coincidence that the famous fashion designer Yves Saint Laurent once said that he regretted only one thing in his life - that he did not come up with jeans. But if you think that today you can buy classic jeans with the label "Made in USA", then you are deeply mistaken. The last factory to produce real jeans was closed in the US in 2006. Since then, even Americans themselves have bought jeans made in China, Indonesia, Mexico and other third world countries with cheap labor.

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Hi girls! Let's talk today about the most popular, most beloved and versatile piece of our wardrobe. About jeans! Why talk about them, you thought, they need to be worn, which, by the way, we do with great pleasure, without thinking why.

Jeans - Fashionable, practical, versatile

The history of popular pants. Let's start from the stove. Interesting and extraordinary, in my opinion,. No wonder they say that all ingenious is simple.

The story of the birth of jeans.

Back in 1873, Levi Strauss made trousers that were intended as work clothes for farmers. They were sewn from a dense cotton fabric with rivets and pockets for a knife, money and watch. And these pants have proven to be in demand because of their convenience by both farmers and prospectors. First they were thick fabricthat was washable, unlike their leather counterparts. Secondly, three large pockets did an excellent service to their owners, there was another small one especially for watches. The dyed jeans were a very persistent dye, the most persistent at the time, indole (dark blue). AND were the first jeans 1 dollar and 46 cents.

But, interestingly, in 1750, John Holker wrote "The Book of Samples of the Textile Industry of France" and in it he described eight models of trousers very similar to modern jeans.

In the fifteenth century sailors from Italy wore canvas pants, of course, they were not jeans, but something akin to their great-grandfathers.

Today jeans have conquered the whole world.

Women's jeans models appeared only in 1935. They used softer fabric, widened the hips and narrowed the waist.

And how did this workwear, cheap and practical, so prized by the working people, manage to break into cities and become clothing for the rich and even make its way onto the stage of haute couture?

Hippie youth subculture , an advanced youth in the middle of the 20th century, made jeans their trademark and with their help, denim pants migrated across the ocean almost a hundred years after their birth. And also thanks to hippies, jeans became associated with a holiday, freedom and received decorations in the form of fringes, rhinestones and embroidery.

Jeans in the USSR.

The history of jeans in our country is rather complicated. In Russia, or rather at that time, back in the Soviet Union, for the first time that there were such trousers, they learned only in 1958 at the International Festival of Youth and Students, which was held in Moscow. Everything that was produced abroad at that time was banned! And fashionistas who dared to wear jeans, having taken them from the blacksmiths, could well be thundered behind bars for a very long time. Well, jeans did not fit into the "party policy". In our country, they were an alien element for the first time in their entire history. And in the 80s of the last century, again wearing jeans was very prestigious in our country At that time, people who wore jeans were all envied.

Now everyone and everywhere go in them. Housewives and bankers, janitors and artists, children, doctors, pensioners. Yes, it is simply impossible to do without them!

The question is simple, one might say rhetorical! Jeans are a lifesaver for all occasions. As we Russians say, "For a feast and for peace." Well, what other clothes will give us comfort and self-confidence?

Convenient, comfortable and, most importantly, combinatorial. Something I completely forgot that we are stylish girls! Surely STYLISH first of all!

So why do we wear jeans.

— Handsomely.Everything that needs to be emphasized, pulled in and covered.

— Universal. Combines with any things of any style, with any footwear, even with sneakers, even with stiletto heels. You can be sporty and romantic in them.

— Conveniently.You can't argue with that. The main thing is to choose the right size. They sit perfectly and take the shape of the body, again they do not require constant ironing.

— Democratic.To nature and to the theater, to work, if the dress code allows. Skirts and dresses, just trousers are beautiful and feminine, but obliging. Jeans are a miracle in which it is easy.

— Combinatorially.Jeans are friendly with any thing. T-shirt, light blouse, cardigan or jumper are harmoniously combined with them.

— Stylish.Whichever look you choose, your jeans will make it stylish. Unusual cut, pockets and even scuffs and holes and your legs in the spotlight!

— Various. From the current abundance of styles and colors of jeans, any Soviet person would faint (with delight). Narrow and flared, pipes and pipes, long and short, light and black, classic dark blue, choose what your heart desires and wear as you please. And pleasure is a lasting defense against everyday stress.

Here are some great reasons to buy yourself a new pair of jeans, even if you have multiple pairs in your closet. Different color, style, decor. Conclusion: there are never too many jeans!

More imagination and jeans and now we are stylish and confident.
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Have you ever wondered why so many beloved jeans are always incredibly fashionable and never descend from the top positions of fashion shows? Let's see why this is happening.

Once upon a time, denim clothing was considered an exclusively working option. Thick and rough denim was used to make clothing for miners, the working class and the poor who wore these clothes. Then the fabric was only blue, in contrast to today's variety of colors and shades. But even today, blue denim is considered a classic.

For decades, jeans were considered the most comfortable garment, which is why they have always been a hit in clothing markets large and small. This trend has continued today. And even in schools, most teenagers prefer denim style.

Let's take a look at the trends in denim for this Fall / Winter 2015 season.

A skirt is an indispensable part of every lady's wardrobe. In her, a woman oozes sex appeal and attracts numerous views of men. Pair a denim skirt with a plaid shirt and black high-heeled shoes for a pretty chic look.

The denim shirt has made its way into women's wardrobe as a seasonal garment. In fact, it is a very elegant piece and absolutely irreplaceable on warm autumn evenings. The hit is a shirt made of bright red denim paired with black suede boots with low heels. In general, saturated colors simply conquered the hearts of all modern designers, so today you can increasingly see juicy tones, unusual textures and extravagant shapes at fashion shows.

- it is not only convenient and practical, but also beautiful. The main thing is to choose models that are offered by famous designers. Overalls can be both long and short, and made in the form of a skirt, or it can be trousers. It always looks so charming and attractive that we cannot even imagine. To create a more elegant look, experts advise combining a jumpsuit with high-heeled shoes.

Jeans should be in. First, they are comfortable and practical. Secondly, their popularity is only growing, and men also strive to keep up with fashion trends. Fans of free style clothing will appreciate all the advantages of modern models of denim trousers, which can be easily combined with sneakers and shoes. Whether you are wearing a classic shirt or a T-shirt, it doesn't matter. In any case, your look will be modern and stylish.

By D.Zhu Today we will talk about the history of the creation and emergence of jeans and the first denim brands in the world, because jeans are common clothes in modern times, millions of people prefer these trousers because of their convenience and durability, they are combined with any clothes and are almost always appropriate.

Why are jeans so popular? Tapered, flared, shredded, with rhinestones, classic blue or red - their range is very large. Now jeans and denim-style clothes can be chosen for every taste, height and size. Almost all things of this style are adapted to everyday wear and very comfortable, so the answer to the question of why jeans are so popular, and the popularity of the entire denim style, is so obvious.

The history of denim and denim The history of denim is closely intertwined with the history of the first jeans and denim denim material from which they are made. Denim is a dense cotton fabric of plain or twill weave, which first appeared in the cities of Genoa and Nimes in Europe, in the city of Nimes the fabric itself was made, in Genoa, indigo dyes. The very appearance of jeans is due to Leib Strauss from Bavaria.

The story of the creation of jeans Young Leib Strauss from a Jewish family at the time of anti-Semitic sentiments in Europe, changing his name to Levi Strauss, went to America, where the gold rush was then rapidly flaring up, in the hope of a better future. Having abandoned the race for wealth in the mines because of the frenzied competition, he decided that it would be much more profitable to take care of the workers. In the middle of the 19th century, in a ship with various fabrics and haberdashery, he moored to the coast of San Francisco, where he engaged in trade. The fabrics and haberdashery were quickly dismantled, but he still had a roll of hemp canvas, which no one needed, which had become much cheaper due to the decline of the sailing fleet.

How did the first jeans come about? Realizing that it would not be easy to sell the fabric for the sails, the enterprising merchant sewed a pair of trousers from it, which were instantly bought by one of the miners. This was the beginning of the history of the first jeans. Soon, appreciating the strength and comfort of the material, others wanted the same trousers. At the same time, in 1853, the first Levi Strauss & Co brand store was opened, where Levi and his cousin worked. The firm grew and expanded rapidly, patenting its inventions. The canvas fabric was replaced with blue and blue denim from Europe. In 1872, Levy received a letter from an American tailor named Jacob Davis, who suggested that metal rivets be used to fasten the most vulnerable parts of his trousers. Levi Strauss liked the idea, and soon they, together with Jacob, patented blue trousers with rivets, which took on a jeans look close to what we are used to seeing every day.

The Lee Denim Mastodon Lee, the second-ever denim clothing brand, was created by a talented entrepreneur and very active man named Henry David Lee, who fell ill with tuberculosis and was advised by doctors to move west because of a better climate. Upon arriving in Kansas, he bought himself a food company, soon gaining a monopoly. However, workers often complained about the lack of suitable work clothes, so Henry decided to purchase a garment factory that made jeans. This was the beginning of the world history of creating denim brands. At the same time, Lee not only copied the developments of Levi’s & Co, but also created many of its innovations: a zipper at the fly, a denim overalls, a denim jacket, which was subsequently insulated with an insulated lining and a corduroy collar, which made it possible to wear the jacket in winter. Also, the plant invented a method of planting products, sanforization, after which the jeans did not sit down from washing. During the crisis years for America, the 30s, the company became the largest manufacturer of jeanswear, and remains just as popular and recognizable to this day.

Wrangler - Clothes for the True Cowboy Denim by Wrangler was designed for the cowboy, so the denim trousers have been redesigned to be comfortable when riding. Instead of the usual twill, a broken line was used, this allowed the trousers not to twist around the legs. The pockets were positioned out of the way when riding the horse, and the rivets in the back pockets were removed because they were scratching the saddle. The inside and outside seams were hemmed, and the denim trousers were tapered at the top to prevent the shirt from straightening. In the middle of the 20th century, the names of this jeans brand released the first pair of trousers for women in history. Now this brand is a symbol of youth, cowboys and country.

How the most famous “denim brands” appeared Mustang Jeans is the very first jeans company in Europe to appear in Germany. Its feature was the appearance of "stretch" jeans-stretch, corduroy jeans, and also the first to release jeans for women in Europe. One of the most famous denim firms has become Montana with its worldwide recognizable Texas model. They used very durable solid denim. All the youth of the Soviet Union dreamed about such jeans, looking to the west.

Another famous denim company, Arizona, which for a long time has been distributing such a trinity of jeans market mastodons as Levi's, Lee and Wrangler, began to produce its own jeans, focusing on the younger generation. Thanks to democratic prices, it is now successfully competing with them. Westland is a company that has taken everyday wearing comfort as the basis of its work, regardless of weather conditions. Therefore, jeans of this brand are denim clothes for every day.

Diesel is a renowned denim brand that is very popular in denim. The first creation of the founder of the company Renzo Rosso was flared jeans. Pepe Jeans is a British denim and denim brand targeted at young people. They were originally sold in a market in West London, where youth groups often gathered, who liked the clothes for their originality.

The Journey of Jeans to the USSR Jeans first came to the USSR thanks to the World Festival of Youth and Students, immediately winning love and demand among local residents as a symbol of a successful and free life. Now it is easy and simple to buy jeans in almost any store, but at the same time it was a huge problem: they were banned and speculated with, only sailors and diplomats could get real branded jeans.

Scuffs were considered a hallmark of branded jeans, but since such trousers were not available to everyone, Soviet-made jeans were boiled with whiteness, from where the well-known jeans-dumplings with white stains appeared.

Modern jeans Now denim clothing and denim have ceased to be something out of reach and outlandish, but have become an everyday wardrobe item that everyone has in their closet. Flared and tapered, long and cropped, decorated with inscriptions and sequins - the choice of models is extremely huge, you can choose for any height and any type of figure.

Jeans and denim clothes fit well into almost any style of clothing, you just have to choose according to your own taste. Fabric Initially, jeans were sewn from dense Italian or French hemp canvas due to its cheapness. Later, the canvas was replaced by a dense cotton fabric - twill. By the early 60s of the twentieth century, in the midst of the denim boom, all jeans were sewn only from it. Twill - (from Latin sericus - silk) - cotton, silk or artificial fabric with a diagonal weave of threads. This canvas was made around AD 300. e. in the French city of Nimes. Serge de Nimes - the twill from Nimes was destined to go down in history. After 1500 years, jeans were sewn from this fabric, and it began to be called "denim", after the name of the city - de Nimes. Other types of denim: chambri - a type of denim, soft and thin denim; Broken twill - herringbone denim invented by John Walker and pioneered by Wrangler; eikru - unpainted cotton fabric, natural jeans; stretch - fabric made from a mixture of cotton with elastane or lycra; gin is another kind of denim, a cheap, evenly dyed fabric with the threads intertwined diagonally. 24-year-old Leib was nicknamed Levi Strauss on the ship by American sailors

Jeans from 1879, the oldest in the world

In 1873, Levi Strauss and Jacob Davis received US Patent and Trademark Office patent No. 139121 for "strapless work overalls with pockets for knife, money and watches." A little later, Levi Strauss began to sew jeans not from canvas, but from a dense cotton fabric of diagonal weaving - twill, otherwise called "denim". In 1886, a leather label appeared on jeans. Around the same time, the San Francisco gold mines dried up, so there was nothing more for the gold diggers to do there. Thus, jeans have infiltrated the masses, becoming clothing for the common people. In 1926, Lee revolutionized the jeans world with the first zip front jeans, the 1012. In 1941, the groin riveting disappeared from the jeans, as, according to workers, it was very hot from the fire and could damage the skin. During World War II, jeans in America were made and sold only to combatants, with the result that the pants became part of the military uniform of the US Army. In 1953, the first Mustang women's jeans in Europe appeared in Germany. In the 60s of the twentieth century, the fashion for jeans returned to the masses, becoming an attribute of the image of representatives of such subcultures as hippies. A little later, jeans began to be dyed not only in indigo, but also in any other colors. In the late 60s, designer Louis Ferro presented jeans completely embroidered with rhinestones on the catwalk to the general public. Since that time, a new era begins in the history of jeans, which revolutionized the fashion world and became one of the most popular wardrobe items of our time. Models (varieties) Currently, a large number of varieties of jeans can be distinguished. They differ in fit and style: classic jeans Easy fit - fit the hips, the legs are slightly narrowed to the ankle, the waistline is slightly lowered; classic jeans Comfort fit - more loose, straight leg, higher waistline; five-pocket classic jeans (Five-pockets) - model from Levi’s under number 501. Straight trousers on a wide enough belt with five or nine decorative metal rivets on the front and back pockets. The jeans have 5 pockets: 2 in the back, 2 in the front and a small pocket for watches on the back of the right front pocket; Flare cut jeans - fit (but not tight) the leg to the knee or mid-calf and noticeably widen to the ankle, usually sit just below the waist; Bootcut jeans - elongated, tight-fitting hips, with a low waistline and legs widening below the knee, covering the boots with two fingers; bell jeans (Bell bottom) - fit the leg to the knee, and are strongly flared from the knee, the style gained popularity in the 70s; Skinny jeans got their name from their very tight silhouette, tight-fitting figure, both in the hips and legs; Loose fit - jeans that are very spacious along the entire length, at the bottom they are so wide that they almost completely cover the shoes; Baggy fit - baggy, extremely wide jeans, with the effect of lowered pants; Bib - jumpsuit with straps; Cargo (Cargo) - jeans, with bulky patch pockets; Saggy fit - jeans with a hanging codpiece. Sta Prest - jeans with an “eternal” arrow, which were released for the first time in the 60s in Knoxville (USA). Polyester is added to their fabric, trousers are "baked" by a special technology in such a way that even after numerous washes the arrow remains in place.