In the female body, the ovaries are important organs in terms of procreation. They are responsible for regulating the menstrual and ovulatory cycle. However, if their functionality is impaired, the entire body is under attack. Moreover, the phenomenon is not some kind of independent disease, but appears as a result of the influence of certain factors. How to make the ovaries work? This question is asked by every woman who wants to get pregnant. Also, the fair sex is worried about the following moment: "Is it possible to become a mother at all in the presence of such an altered state?"

The human endocrine system has always been a mysterious area for many specialists in various fields of medicine. However, thanks to modern capabilities, some secrets were revealed, which made it possible to find answers to a number of very interesting and important questions.

What is this phenomenon?

What exactly is ovarian dysfunction? Under this definition, it is customary to consider the condition in which the functionality of the female organs is impaired. How to make the ovaries work? More on this later. Ovarian dysfunction should be understood as a whole complex of symptoms. This phenomenon appears in women regardless of age, and in many respects this is influenced by the state of the environment.

A short introduction to biology. In the female ovaries, hormones are synthesized under the influence of special substances that are produced by the hypothalamus and pituitary gland. The regulation of the monthly preparatory cycle for fertilization is made thanks to progesterones, estrogens, androgens. Moreover, at each phase of the menstrual cycle, the brain receives signals, due to which the hypothalamus with the pituitary gland begin their work.

Women function normally only with a completely healthy body. A malfunction of the ovaries, which is manifested by a malfunction of the menstrual cycle (in this case, there may be a feeling that the ovaries are being pulled), indicates a problem in relation to any system. In any case, female organ dysfunction is a distress signal of sorts that should not be ignored!

The normal mode of the menstrual cycle should last from 21 to 35 days, while the period of the menstrual cycle should be from 3 to 7 days. The volume of blood that is released in this case should not exceed 50-100 ml. If there are serious deviations from the parameters set by nature, you should immediately seek medical help.

Group I symptomatology

Dysfunction of the female organs can manifest itself in different symptoms. Moreover, they can be divided into groups, which will be convenient for perception. Let's start by listing the symptoms of group I. In addition to the fact that the symptoms of changes in the menstrual cycle are manifested in the form of an increase or decrease in its duration. Due to the delay in menstruation, bleeding lasts more than a week.

Abundant discharge, accompanied by large blood loss, leads to a decrease in hemoglobin levels and the development of anemia. In some cases, menstruation resembles individual blood smears, and vaginal leucorrhoea may appear in the middle of the cycle. Directly during the period of menstruation or before its onset, a woman may feel pain in the lower back or lower abdomen of varying degrees.

Group II signs

Here we already mean hormonal manifestations, which can be seen in a woman's appearance. These include cases when nails begin to exfoliate, stripes and small spots appear on their surface. In this case, you need to start thinking about how to restore hormonal levels in the body. You can also notice how the hair has become brittle, it quickly becomes salty; oily sheen and numerous acne appear on the surface of the skin.

Emotional instability is characteristic not only in the period before menstruation, it can manifest itself at any other time. Moreover, the mood can change dramatically: from aggressiveness to tearfulness. Fatigue and weakness are also inevitable companions. And even despite the observance of the correct diet and a full-fledged lifestyle, excess weight appears.

Group III symptoms

This includes failures of ovulatory function, which in some cases can lead to the development of infertility. Due to the fact that an insufficient amount of sex hormones is produced in the female body, the risk of pathology in relation to the maturation of follicles is not excluded. The dominant representative does not develop, and the egg does not leave its nest. In this case, the question of how to restore hormonal levels becomes an important task for the doctor.

The frequency of the monophasic menstrual cycle also increases, in which there is no ovulation, as well as the phases of development of the corpus luteum, but the regularity of menstruation remains.

Each woman's body is different, and for this reason, ovarian dysfunction can manifest itself in a wide variety of characteristic signs. But for the most part, one group becomes pronounced.

Dysfunction reasons

Usually, the main cause of ovarian failure is hormonal deviation from the normal range. But besides this, other factors can also have a negative influence:

• Inflammatory process in the uterus (adnexitis, oophoritis, cervicitis and other diseases). This happens in the absence of proper hygiene of the external genital organs, including improper douching. Also, colds and infection through the blood and lymph make their negative contribution.
• Disorders of the endocrine system. They manifest themselves in the form of diabetes mellitus, malfunctioning of the thyroid gland, pituitary gland, adrenal glands, obesity. With such deviations, hormonal disturbances cannot be avoided, which puts the entire reproductive system at risk.
• Diseases of the uterus and ovaries. This can include the development of a cyst or other benign neoplasms, endometriosis and various forms of its manifestation, as well as malignant tumors of the cervix.
• Depletion of the nervous system. As you know, strong and frequent stress, significant emotional upheaval, lack of rest and sleep - all this negatively affects the human body. This is especially critical for the female half of humanity - against their background, not only ovarian dysfunction develops, but the endocrine system also suffers.
• Wrong diet. Dysfunction of female organs is caused not only by ovarian diseases, but also by an insufficient amount of useful trace elements, an irregular diet. A variety of diets add fuel to the fire, from low-calorie foods to extreme conditions.
• Miscarriage, abortion. But to a greater extent, the negative impact on the reproductive system is the result of miscarriage or abortion during the first pregnancy. That is, first, the body of the future potential mother prepared for the intrauterine development of the fetus, but then there was a sharp interruption, which entailed significant hormonal changes, and rapidly. As a result, endocrine disorders leading to malfunction of the ovaries. Nevertheless, this factor is in rare cases dominant.
• Heredity. This is a cystic malformation of the ovary.
• Improper use of hormonal contraceptives for women. Here the human factor is triggered - incorrectly selected drugs or non-compliance with the dosage.
• Intrauterine device installation error. This contraceptive should be placed in the absence of contraindications and only by highly qualified specialists. Moreover, in the future, it is required to control its location during a routine inspection.
• Spring factors. These may include moving to a new place of residence, regularly spending a long time under the sun or in a tanning bed, exposure to radiation, poor environmental conditions, and taking certain medications.
• The period of early menopause. This is often due to a genetic predisposition. But, not always. Other reasons could be the development of autoimmune organs that are responsible for the production of hormones, the effects of chemotherapy, a weakened immune system.
• Leading the wrong way of life. The reasons for the malfunction of the ovaries may lie in the abuse of bad habits (cigarettes, alcohol, drugs). As you know, in the end it doesn't end well. However, inactivity also does not bring any benefit.

As a rule, dysfunction of female organs begins to manifest itself when several provoking factors are combined. However, sometimes one serious reason for the occurrence of this pathological condition is quite enough.

Insidious disease

As mentioned above, such an insidious disease as oophoritis (inflammation of the ovaries) can lead to dysfunction of female organs. Infection, pathologies of a venereal nature, trauma to the genitals, incomplete treatment of diseases of the pelvic organs - all this contributes to the development of the inflammatory process.

When the first warning signs appear, it is worth visiting a doctor, otherwise their complete ignoring can end up with unpleasant consequences - up to and including infertility. The course of treatment depends on the cause of the disease. As a rule, medication is prescribed, but traditional medicine can be used as an additional measure.

Symptoms

Both the symptoms and treatment of ovarian inflammation should not be ignored! What this threatens is now known, but what are these signs?

The acute form of oophoritis is manifested as follows:

• frequent pain in the lumbar region;
• the presence of pus in the discharge (indicates the presence of bacteria) or serous exudate (evidence of exposure to viruses);
• pain syndrome during intercourse;
• increased body temperature;
• weakness;
• soreness when urinating;
• dysbiosis, diarrhea (a sign of body intoxication).

The disease in the chronic stage is characterized by:

• irritability;
• discomfort in the lower abdomen;
• failure of the menstrual cycle;
• decrease in vital activity, efficiency of the body.

It is worth noting that the symptoms of acute oophoritis are generalized. In this regard, an insidious disease can be confused with signs of appendicitis, peritonitis and other diseases. The symptoms and treatment of ovarian inflammation are no joke, and you shouldn't forget about it!

Oophoritis treatment

Drug therapy includes several types of drugs:

• anti-inflammatory;
• pain relievers;
• antiviral (antimicrobial).

In addition, the treatment includes a course of physiotherapy. Preparations of the antibiotic group are prescribed to women strictly on an individual basis and only after a culture study.

Several schemes are used to relieve the inflammatory process. For example, “Ceftriaxone” or “Cefotaxime” with “Metronidazole” with the inclusion of inhibitors; or the appointment of "Ofloxacin" or "Ciprofloxacin" together with "Metronidazole" plus "Doxycycline". Good anesthetic drugs are Tempalgin, Pentalgin, Analgin, Spazmalgon, Aspirin. It is also recommended to take vitamins of group E and C.

In addition, the following means can be used in the treatment of ovarian disease:

• "Amoxiclav".
• "Azithromycin" or "Sumamed".
• "Biseptol".
• "Urotropin".
• "Trichopolus".
• "Clindamycin".
• "Gentamicin".
• "Negro".

If necessary, the doctor prescribes the use of suppositories:

• "Geksikon" - promotes the suppression of pathogenic microorganisms and serves as a prophylactic agent against thrush.
• "Betadine" - has antimicrobial, antiviral, bactericidal properties. It has a gentle effect on the genital mucosa due to its gelatinous and water base.

Candles containing propolis, oak bark, walnuts will also be useful. Moreover, they have no side effects and only in rare cases do patients complain of burning or itching. It is worth noting that it is impossible to cure the chronic form of oophoritis with candles alone.

Is it possible to get pregnant with ovarian dysfunction?

Since ovarian dysfunction indicates serious problems in the female body, there is no guarantee that the pregnancy will proceed normally. In this regard, the process of conception is impossible or it is spontaneously interrupted at an early date. This is due to a failure in the synthesis of sex hormones (estrogens, progesterones) and a violation of ovulation.

For conception and normal bearing of a child, it is necessary to go through the entire complex, consisting of diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. At the same time, the course can take quite a long time, since during this period the cycle is being restored and the causes of violations are eliminated. So how do you get the ovaries to work? For this, treatment can include several important components:

• Work on the causes that triggered the disorder.
• Physiotherapy procedures.
• Taking hormonal drugs.
• Consulting a psychotherapist.
• Appointment of vitamins and drugs that help restore immunity.

At the same time, it is equally important for women to change their lifestyle for the period of treatment (and better, not only for this time). And for this it is worth adjusting the diet, exercising from time to time, avoiding severe stress, being in the fresh air more often, observing the daily regimen (sleep should be at least 6-8 hours).

When the ovarian dysfunction is completely eliminated, there should be no problems with conception. But at the same time, women who want to become a mother after suffering a pathological condition should especially treat their condition during pregnancy. The risk of rejection during this period is higher than under normal circumstances.

In addition, if necessary, it is important to follow the instructions for use of "Klostilbegit" and other hormonal preparations. Do not take this medicine more than 50 mg per day. The drug should be taken in cycles. You should not use hormone-based products uncontrollably, this can lead to even greater disruptions of the reproductive system.

The need to stimulate female organs

Representatives of the beautiful half of humanity are arranged in such a way that they perceive personal problems very sharply. For example, a woman can be very worried about the fact that she cannot become a mother. But now, with the modern possibilities of medicine, such a desire can become a reality. The whole point boils down to stimulating female organs.

However, such a procedure has its own indications and contraindications. The first include the following cases:

• Before IVF (in vitro fertilization).
• Lack of ovulation for several cycles.
• Spouses over 35 years old.
• IUI (intrauterine insemination).
• Unsuccessful attempts to conceive during the year.
• Before the freezing procedure for the purpose of further fertilization.

But here it should be borne in mind that with infertility on the part of a man, stimulating the ovaries is a useless undertaking. If the fallopian tubes are obstructed, the procedure can be performed, but only after laparoscopy, otherwise it threatens an ectopic pregnancy.

• Obstruction of the fallopian tubes.
• Climax.
• Polycystic.
• Various diseases in the chronic stage.
• Chromosomal abnormalities of a genetic nature.
• Infertility in relation to a partner.

At the same time, all cases are strictly individual and therefore it is possible to decide whether to carry out such a procedure or not only after a complete examination of the patient.

Methods of the procedure

The whole essence of the procedure is reduced to the normalization of hormonal levels, which is done with the help of drugs. Usually, three schemes of stimulation of female organs by means of two groups of drugs are used - antiestrogens and gonadotropins. The choice of a particular medication depends on the woman's age, weight, and other factors determined by the doctor.

Scheme No. 1

The procedure should be performed on days 2-5 of the menstrual cycle. And according to the first scheme, those drugs are prescribed that increase the production of gonadotropic hormones. According to the instructions for use for "Klostilbegit", the intake is indicated for 1 tablet for 5 days.

If the cycle lasts as usual (28-30 days), then an ultrasound scan is scheduled for 7-11 or 14-16 days of menstruation. Otherwise, everything depends on the doctor. On the 14-16th day of menstruation, a woman is injected with a drug based on hCG, due to which the release of the egg from the follicle is ensured.

Scheme No. 2

Medications of the group of gonadotropins are being taken, which stimulate the work of the female reproductive glands, which are directed by the pituitary gland. You need to take them from 2-3 days after the onset of menstruation. Ultrasound control is done on days 6-7, 9-11 and 13-16, which allows monitoring the ovaries and tracking the required dosage.

Usually, this scheme is effective, but there are exceptions when it does not give a positive result in solving the problem and does not help restore ovarian function. In this case, the couple must undergo a series of additional examinations under the supervision of a specialist.

Scheme No. 3

A combination is used, which includes both first schemes. Treatment begins with taking "Clomiphene" from 2 to 5 days of menstruation for 5 days. After that, in the period from 5 to 7 days, the patient is injected with gonadotropins, and an injection of hCG is given. In order to consolidate the result, it is necessary to take progesterone-based medications.

At the same time, when using any scheme, a married couple needs to actively maintain sexual relations for a certain time. This also has a positive effect on the procedure for stimulating female organs.

As a conclusion

The diagnosis of ovarian dysfunction for many women is a difficult psychological test that affects almost all aspects of life. However, as practice shows, a full life with such a disease is quite possible.

The most important thing is support from medical personnel and loved ones. And then it will not only make the ovaries work, but also give hope to many expectant mothers to realize their cherished dream.

Failures in the work of various organs can affect a woman's reproductive function, it is difficult to get pregnant and give birth to a child. Ovarian dysfunction is a violation of the hormonal work of an organ.

It can be expressed in a change in the monthly cycle, painful menstruation, profuse uterine bleeding or a delay for more than 6 months, there are other serious deviations.

1. Inflammatory processes of the genitals, lack of proper treatment, neglected disease, improper hygiene, frequent hypothermia.
2. Hormonal imbalance can be a consequence of other chronic diseases, such as diabetes.
3. The presence of prolonged stress, depression, loss of strength, unhealthy diet, nervous and physical exhaustion.
4. Frequent abortions and miscarriages.
5. Incorrect spiral installation.
6. Uncontrolled intake of medications.
7. Anomalies and other abnormalities in the work of the ovaries.

This can be done medically, undergo a full examination and start treatment as prescribed by the doctor. All funds will be used to stabilize the monthly cycle, most often hormonal drugs are used to treat the genitals.

You can restore the work of the ovaries with the help of dietary food. Food should be natural, rich in vitamins and minerals, healthy and wholesome.

It is necessary to exclude the presence of strict diets, be sure to take a complex of fortified agents, which will stabilize the woman's reproductive function.

It is necessary to enrich the diet with walnuts and hazelnuts, sunflower seeds, vegetable oil, preferably olive oil. It will be useful to go in for sports, do exercises every morning and 15-minute jogging, swimming.

Treatment with folk remedies should be aimed at restoring the reproductive function of the ovaries, consider the well-known folk recipes that will help a woman get pregnant:

• a decoction of sage and borax uterus, a spoonful of raw materials in a glass of boiling water, boil over low heat for 5 minutes, strain and take 50 ml of the drug during menstruation;
• rose petals, put in a thermos and pour water, a spoonful of raw materials on a glass of boiling water, use a teaspoon for a week before going to bed;
• rose petal syrup can be purchased at the pharmacy, use according to the instructions;
• taking a decoction of sage and linden blossom will effectively stimulate the ovaries, have a beneficial effect on reproductive function, take 3 tbsp. l. three times a day for a week, after which you need to take a monthly break;
• aloe will also help restore the ovaries, the leaves of the plant should be placed in a cold place for 5 days, then cut off all the thorns and finely chop the leaves, add equal amounts of honey, pork and butter, mix and take one tablespoon in the morning and evening;
• plantain treatment is carried out by preparing a decoction: for 150 ml of water 1 tsp. plant seeds, leave for 4 hours and take 2 tbsp. l. three times per day;
• treatment with essential oils gives a positive effect, you should always carry with you an aromaculon with a healing substance, it is useful to inhale the aroma of oils before going to bed with the help of an aroma lamp.

Another way to restore ovarian function is to soak a tampon in chamomile oil, insert it into your vagina, and leave it overnight. Before starting the procedure, you must definitely consult a doctor!

First of all, you need to contact your doctor and undergo a comprehensive examination. You need to do a hormonal blood test, undergo an ultrasound examination.

If the diagnosis is made and treatment is prescribed, then you need to adhere to it unquestioningly in order to restore your hormonal background and give birth to a healthy baby.

You need to forget about various diets, excessive physical activity, do not eat junk food, take vitamins and minerals to improve the health of the whole body. It is best to give preference to fresh vegetables and fruits, and cook food only with thermal processing.

Remember that constant stress and poor hygiene can provoke the return of the disease, and therefore you need to be careful about your health and not make mistakes.

The treatment regimen should be chosen by the doctor, you cannot experiment on your future, especially when it comes to the birth of children. Take care of yourself and be in a great mood!

Women suffering from fertility problems try to make the ovaries work in order to get pregnant sooner by any means. However, it should be remembered that treatment should be prescribed only by a doctor after passing all the necessary tests. Moreover, only examination will help to establish the cause of the pathology. It is important to exclude the male factor of infertility.

Self-medication can only do harm. To normalize reproductive function requires an integrated approach. As a rule, if the ovaries are not working, then you can get pregnant. But, first of all, it is necessary to determine the cause of the deviations.

The main factors provoking a decrease in fertility are:

• ovaries, genital organ;
• malfunctions of the metabolic system;
• the presence of an interrupted pregnancy in the past;
• taking some medications;
• transferred gynecological operations;
• incorrect insertion of an intrauterine device or the use of oral contraceptives;
• constant stressful influences;
• the presence of addictions;
• a sharp change in climate when moving to another area.

Elimination of these reasons contributes to the normalization of reproductive function. More serious problems are treated. However, before that, the woman undergoes a thorough examination.

Therapy methods:

• the use of medicines;
• surgery (if drugs are ineffective).

Proper nutrition for conception

If a woman wants to wake up the ovaries in order to become pregnant, then she must reconsider her diet.

You need to adhere to the following rules:

• include in the menu food rich in vitamins and microelements;
• give up strict diets and food with artificial additives;
• consume a sufficient amount of hazelnuts, sunflower seeds, vegetable oil (in salads and preferably olive oil).
• moderate exercise (useful: daily gymnastics, fifteen-minute jogging, swimming, etc.).

The diet should be rich in protein food, since when it is deficient, the work of the ovaries is disrupted. It is advisable to eat a balanced diet.

Below is a table showing the products, the use of which contributes to the normalization of reproductive function.

In case of dysfunction of the ovaries, vitamins are taken in combination with proper nutrition. As a result, the duration of the luteal phase of the cycle is normalized, during which the corpus luteum is formed.

To improve fertility, you need to drink the following vitamins: A, C, B, B6, E, as well as potassium iodide. Take only as directed by a doctor! He will help you choose vitamin and mineral complexes that best suit the tasks.

Effective folk remedies

Many women dreaming of a baby are thinking about how to get the ovaries to work to get pregnant. And here folk remedies come to the rescue. They are safe and have few side effects. Below are the most effective recipes.

Aloe

This plant will help restore reproductive function and make the ovaries work. Its leaves are put in a cold place, kept there for 5 days, then crushed, after removing the thorns, add honey, butter and pork butter, taken in equal proportions, mix all the components and use 1 tbsp. l. funds twice a day (morning and evening).

Plantain

To normalize the work and function of the ovaries, take a decoction of plantain, for the preparation of which 1 tsp. the seeds of the specified plant are poured with 150 ml of water. The composition is insisted for 4 hours and the medicine is taken in 2 tbsp. l. three times a day.

Essential oils

Aromatic oils make the ovaries work. To increase fertility, they carry with them an aromatic pendant, inside which there is a healing substance. In addition, the healing scent is inhaled before bed. The female body responds favorably to such therapy. To establish the hormonal balance, from 4 to 14 days of the cycle, self-massage of the abdomen is performed daily using geranium, jasmine, neroli, rose, sandalwood oils. For the same purpose, they take a bath, adding 3-5 drops of rose geranium and lavender oil to it. Increases the concentration of female sex hormones by inhaling sage, anise, cypress and basil oils.

Red brush

You can restore the work of the ovaries by taking a tincture of a red brush. This applies to women suffering from, in which there are difficulties in conceiving. To prepare the product, 80 g of raw materials are poured into 0.5 liters of vodka, covered with a lid and the container with the composition is removed for a week in a dark place. Take ½ tsp. tinctures 3 times a day before eating food in a course of 3 weeks, then take a weekly break, during which menstruation falls.

Borovaya uterus

Boron uterus decoction is an effective remedy for the treatment of female diseases. They also take it for infertility. To prepare the composition of 1 tbsp. l. herbs are poured with hot water, placed in a water bath, kept on low heat for 5 minutes. The broth is infused for 4 hours, passed through a sieve, placed in a dark cool place. Take 1 tbsp. l. funds 5 times a day. This recipe is suitable if you use a boron uterus, which is harvested on your own (since the purchased version has a different grind). For pharmaceutical herbs, the recipe is usually listed in the instructions.

How to increase the likelihood of pregnancy

In order for conception to happen sooner, you need to lead a healthy lifestyle, undergo therapy for gynecological diseases, eat right, give up bad habits, fasting and mono-diets.

Food is best steamed, boiled and baked. Products with harmful additives, dyes and preservatives should be excluded. It is recommended to avoid stress and exercise.

To track "successful" days, it is useful to use ovulation tests, build a basal temperature graph. The intake of vitamin and mineral complexes has a beneficial effect on fertility.

If pregnancy does not occur, then you need to contact a gynecologist, undergo examinations and follow the doctor's recommendations. This will help you conceive and give birth to a healthy baby.

Being the glands of external and internal secretion, the ovaries not only create eggs, but also produce hormones, estrogens. Thanks to them, the female body is capable of rejuvenation. Produced by the ovaries, hormones help maintain women's health and beauty.

The famous English gerontologist Justin Glass believes that a person can live up to 180 years if he learns to "help" his endocrine glands with proper nutrition and exercise.

Lack of adequate nutrition negatively affects the functioning of the female reproductive glands and can lead to infertility.

For the full functioning of the ovaries, it is necessary to eat foods rich in vitamins,,, and trace elements - copper and iron. The amino acid argenine is very important.

Mono-diets and starvation are very harmful for full-fledged work and nutrition of the ovaries. Meals should be varied and balanced. Protein food is very important as a building material for hormones and eggs produced by the ovaries.

With a lack of protein in the body, the formation of female sex hormones is disrupted.

Healthy foods for the ovaries

• Liver, egg yolks, sour cream and cream - contain a lot of vitamin A, which is necessary for the normal functioning of the ovaries.
• Carrots, sea buckthorn, mountain ash, red bell peppers, apricots and pumpkin contain carotene, which, in conjunction with vegetable and animal fats, is converted into the necessary vitamin A.
• Honey, pollen and royal jelly. They are rich in vitamins B and C, as well as trace elements. They rejuvenate the body, increase the likelihood of pregnancy.
• Dark bread, brewer's yeast, bran. They contain a large amount of B vitamins, which preserve and restore sexual desire.
• Citrus fruits, rose hips, onions, garlic, black currants. Beneficial due to the high amount of vitamin C.
• Sprouted wheat, vegetable oils, lettuce. They are rich in vitamin E, which prevents infertility.
• Beans, wheat, nuts, raisins, meat, pomegranates. They contain a lot of iron, which is essential for blood.
• Oysters, shrimps, squid, mussels, rapana. They are excellent aphrodisiacs. Seafood is rich in copper, which has a positive effect on metabolic processes in the body.
• Milk, oats, peanuts. They contain the amino acid argenine, which is important for the ovaries.

Signs of ovarian malnutrition

Folk remedies to restore ovarian function

To normalize the activity of the ovaries, it is necessary to use boiled roots of red clover for a month, at the rate of 1 tbsp. spoon a day. In addition, it is advisable to add crushed (pre-dried) leaves and flowers of red clover to cereals and soups.

Thus, ovulatory function of the ovaries can be restored and the development of

The main difference between the human female reproductive system from other animals is the limited ability to reproduce. A woman can only give birth until the middle of her life. Menopause is a human trait. Animals do not have it, with the exception of dolphins. The female body is unique. In a person in the ovary during menopause, certain age-related changes occur that you need to be aware of. The female reproductive gland (Latin name - ovarium, ovarium) is a paired organ with a limited set of oocytes, located near the fallopian tube, popularly called the appendage of the uterus. The processes occurring in the aging ovaries during menopause are described by the doctor Natalia Malysheva.

Limited follicular reserve

During the period of embryonic development, a certain number of follicles are laid in the female reproductive glands, in which the eggs will mature. Initially, there were about 500 thousand of them. By the time the organism matures, their number is normally 25-50 thousand. At puberty, eggs mature monthly in the follicles. The supply of follicles in the ovaries by 50 - 52 years of age in a woman normally ends, and menopause occurs. Depletion of the ovaries before the age of 45 is called early ovarian aging syndrome.

In the human mind, there is a line between the aging of the body and its diseases. Disease is considered a random factor. Aging, menopause is considered to be a natural physiological process. If the aging of the body occurs in a timely manner, gradually adapting to changes, it is called physiological. If it occurs partially and is ahead of the level of aging of peers, it is called premature.

What happens to the ovaries as we age?

At a young age, the female reproductive gland consists of connective tissue, which contains blood and lymph vessels, as well as nerves, and of the cortex, in which follicles mature. With age, connective tissue predominates, induration and sclerosis of the genital glands occurs. The number of follicles in the ovaries during menopause at the very beginning is minimal, later, in postmenopause, follicles are not normally visualized. The size of the gonads changes accordingly.

In a woman of childbearing age, the average size of the ovary is:

• length 2.5 - 5.0 cm;
• width 1.5 - 3.0 cm;
• thickness 0.5 - 1.5 cm;
• weight 5 - 8 g.

From individual characteristics, the state of the body and age, these sizes can vary.

Ovaries with menopause

The normal size of the premenopausal ovaries can be considered:

• length 2.0 - 2.5 cm;
• width 1.2 - 1.5 cm;
• thickness 0.9 - 1.2 cm;
• volume 1.5 - 4.0 cm3.

The average ovarium volume by age is calculated for each decade of life

There is a statistically significant decrease in appendage volume with every decade of life from 30 to 70 years. The average size of the ovaries during menopause is significantly higher than in postmenopausal women. The upper limit of the norm for the volume of the ovarium is 20 cm3 in premenopausal women and normally the postmenopausal ovaries can be up to a maximum of 10 cm3

The volume of the ovaries decreases during menopause. In the menopausal period, single follicles can still be produced, while menopausal ovarian dysfunction begins.

Ovarian Aging Causes

There are many hypotheses that explain the etiology of menopause. The most relevant theories are:

• hereditary predisposition;
• autoimmune disorders;
• the impact of the external environment;
• modifiable factors: chemotherapy, radiation therapy, operations on the pelvic organs, inflammatory processes of the pelvic organs;
• smoking

These factors can affect the formation of the ovaries, which will initially have a deficiency of the follicular apparatus. Some factors are difficult to influence, but others can be.

Half of women with ovarian wasting syndrome have a family history.

The level of sex hormones decreases by the age of 30

The level of female sex hormones begins to decline by the age of thirty. The number of healthy oocytes by this time decreases, their quality also begins to suffer. It becomes more difficult to conceive a child every year. Scientists have shown that after 30 years there is less chance of having a healthy baby. Getting pregnant is also becoming problematic. If the process of aging of the gonads has started in a woman's body, then the opportunity to become pregnant naturally becomes less every year. It is also difficult to deal with this issue through IVF.

Given that healthy and strong oocytes have already emerged at a younger age, there is a risk of miscarriage, the birth of children with Down syndrome and other diseases, the causes of which are genetic breakdowns.

Other reasons that cause early menopause and reduce the body's response to stimulants:

• Pelvic inflammatory disease is bad for ovarian function, but is potentially preventable.
• Endometriosis, although not a preventable factor, can be treated.
• Chemotherapy and operations on the pelvic joints, on the ovaries are important causes of premature ovarian aging. Surgeons must take this into account during surgery.
• Some treatments that stimulate the follicles reduce the supply of follicles. And short hormone replacement therapy increases the rate of conception after its cancellation. At the same time, the frequency of pregnancies increases, and the risk of miscarriage decreases. Moreover, this process is controlled.
• Chemotherapy that limits ovarian reserve volume should not be used without specific indications.
• The same approach should be followed with radiation therapy.

Scientists are thinking about changing the rate of decline in ovarian stock, but so far there are few proposals. Good quality egg freezing is one option.

Yes, yes, a prudent woman can freeze her eggs at a young age for the future. For more information on how to preserve eggs on the eve of menopause, see this article.

Until now, scientists have not come up with a magic medicine that can prolong youth. Every woman can slow down this process.

Stress and anxiety can affect the level of hormones in the body.

How to make the ovaries work?

To resume, restore the work of the gonads is very problematic. It is difficult to influence the age of the onset of menopause, but nevertheless, what depends on us we can take.

Smoking is a factor that has a detrimental effect on the sex glands. And it depends only on us whether we destroy our eggs or not. To smoke or not to smoke, especially on the eve of menopause - a voluntary choice

You can also change your lifestyle and diet. If you do not agree to change your life, then you are unlikely to be able to postpone menopause. But by changing your diet and habits, you can win a few years out of old age!

Stimulating ovarian function in menopause

• You can use hormone replacement therapy in premenopausal women. But this is a "double-edged sword" - hormone therapy can lead to the development of malignant neoplasms.
• Stimulating the ovaries in postmenopausal women is a direct route to cancer.

In order to prevent this, it is necessary to regularly conduct an ultrasound scan. A pathological condition is when, under the influence of hormonal therapy, the ovaries are doubled.

If, during menopause, changes occur that are visible on ultrasound, it can be assumed that any pathological processes have appeared:

• occasionally, a follicle can be found on an ovary during menopause, and the follicle can cause an increase in sex hormone levels. Ovarian follicles after menopause can appear even at a very old age, there are cases of visualization of them over the age of 70;

Pathological processes in the gonads

• Ovarian cysts of various etiologies. Benign serous tumors include cystadenomas, adenofibromas, cystic adenofibromas, and superficial papillomas. These tumors are common, accounting for about 25% of all benign ovarian neoplasms. Ovarian cystadenomas during menopause are bilateral in about 10% of all serous tumors, about 70% are benign, 5-10% have borderline malignant potential, and 20-25% are malignant, depending on the patient's age. Sometimes cystadenomas reach gigantic proportions. In 1922, Spon reported that he had diagnosed a giant ovarian cystadenoma in menopause weighing 148.6 kg. Symmonds, in 1963 reported a cyst weighing 79.4 kg.
• malignant neoplasms (ovarian cancer);
• a large and lumpy ovarium may be due to metastasis to the sex gland from other organs.

The most dangerous for women are malignant processes that can be determined by ultrasound and tumor markers.

Can the ovary hurt with menopause

Both in premenopausal and postmenopausal women with inflammation, endometriosis, with torsion of the legs of the cyst, the appendages hurt, with other pathologies there may be no pain.

There is an opinion that with the advent of menopause, all women's problems end. It all depends on the age at which menopause began.

Criteria for determining early ovarian aging

Due to the fact that this diagnosis can only be made in hindsight, the time available for stimulation is missed.

How to determine the time of menopause and ovarian reserve?

Recently, the European Society for Human Reproduction and Embryology has developed criteria by which it is possible to determine the ovarian reserve for their timely stimulation.

• late reproductive age (\u003e 40 years)
• an abnormal ovarian reserve (5-7 follicles or anti-Müllerian hormone)
• previous examinations for ovarian reserve in which oocytes<3

Ovarian failure, as a rule, is long-term and latent. It can be detected among women at high risk using tests that were originally designed to predict the outcome of IVF.

Premature ovarian aging affects 1% of the female population. This category of women can be identified by the presence of symptoms:

• irregular menstruation;
• secondary amenorrhea;
• abnormally high levels of follicle-stimulating hormone;
• ineffectiveness of fertility treatment

Young women in their thirties who were promptly diagnosed with possible early ovarian failure:

• who do not yet have symptoms
• they have a regular menstrual cycle
• and normal hormonal levels,

reproductive function is still weaker than in women with normal aging of the ovaries.

This function weakens even more with age. They will eventually have menopause before the age of 46. They will need longer treatment to conceive. They need higher doses of gonadotropins to stimulate the follicles while preparing for IVF. The load on the cardiovascular system increases, the level of lipids rises.

Scientists have come to another interesting conclusion. Women who are diagnosed with aging syndrome are often carriers of genetic mutations:

• down syndrome;
• werner's syndrome;
• ataxia telangiectasia;
• hutchinson Guildford disease,

These women are either infertile or have early menopause. A link has been established between early menopause and reduced life expectancy.

The role of the doctor: prevention, evaluation and individualized treatment

The time interval of reproductive age is fixed, and the age of menopause is closely related to the interval of reproductive events (conception, pregnancy, childbirth). It can be assumed that the main role in the onset of menopause and early ovarian failure is genetic.

Early menopausal heredity is a high risk factor for early ovarian aging and menopausal ovarian dysfunction until we know how to prevent it.