Female sterilization is a voluntary method of surgical contraception that guarantees optimal protection against unintended pregnancy. The procedure is considered safe, but each case is individual and may entail certain consequences.

Types of sterilization, possibilities of its use and contraindications

The procedure in question is carried out exclusively in a hospital setting and by a professional doctor. Female sterilization is divided into the following types:

1. Electrocoagulation sterilization, during which an artificial obstruction of the fallopian tubes is created using special medical forceps.

2. Resection sterilization, during which part of the fallopian tube or the tube itself is removed.

3. Sterilization with clipping of the fallopian tube, in which the latter is clamped with a special clamp made on the basis of hypoallergenic material.

The operation is performed under anesthesia, by opening the abdominal tissue or by endoscopy, by accessing the tubes through natural openings.

In Russia, the legislator clearly establishes a list of persons in respect of whom sterilization is allowed. The procedure, as a voluntary act, is carried out in relation to women who have reached the age of 35, as well as who have previously given birth and are raising at least two children. In addition, surgery is applied to women regardless of their age and dependent children, if medically indicated.

There are also contraindications for this procedure, which include:

Pregnancy condition;
inflammatory gynecological diseases;
infectious diseases of the genitourinary system;
obesity;
diseases associated with high blood sugar.

Female sterilization consequences of the procedure of surgical contraception

Female sterilization is carried out only at the personal will of the woman, and is a rather serious step leading to the elimination or restriction of her reproductive function.

That is why, at the preparatory stage, doctors pay a lot of attention to detailed consultation of the lady, during which they provide comprehensive information about all the pros and cons of the surgical procedure. Without fail, a female representative will be notified that:

1. Protection from unplanned pregnancy is possible in other ways, including the use of condoms and medications, as well as through the use of the safest male sterilization, during which the vas deferens is ligated.

2. Sterilization is carried out through the forced intervention of the surgeon in a living organism, as a result of which the consequences of the postoperative period are inevitable. The appearance of hematomas and bruises, which cause painful and uncomfortable sensations, is not excluded. During the operation, there is a risk of contact with internal organs, which also entails certain consequences.

3. The probability of a woman getting pregnant after a successful operation is practically negligible and impossible. There is a percentage of women who have undergone sterilization and want to subsequently regain the lost fertility. The motives for this are different from the establishment of personal life and a successful marriage, to the loss of a child due to the onset of his death.

Achievements of modern medicine provide an opportunity to return a woman subjected to sterilization to reproductive function, however, this process is very complicated and does not give a 100% guarantee of a positive result. The reverse procedure will be influenced by the elapsed time since the initial operation, its quality and other factors.

4. There is a high probability of an ectopic pregnancy after the operation. In case of manifestation of these signs, doctors consider this option as a matter of priority. Fertilization is based on physiological changes in the woman's body.

It must be remembered that a woman has the right to refuse sterilization at any time and regardless of various circumstances.

Actions after sterilization, and its effect on the body

After the operation, a number of restrictions should be observed that will allow the body to recover as soon as possible. First of all, any physical activity should be completely excluded within 14 days. At the same time, showering and bathing is strictly prohibited for 48 hours after sterilization. Compresses should be used to prevent swelling and bleeding at surgical sites.

In the postoperative period of rehabilitation, you should refrain from sexual intercourse for 2-3 days. Upon returning to natural sex life, during the first two dozen sexual acts with a partner, the use of condoms is a prerequisite. Full sterility and obstruction of the female egg into the uterine cavity will form after 20 acts of ejaculation with a partner.

Contrary to the widespread opinion about global changes in a woman's body, after sterilization, it has been reliably established that this physical intervention has no effect on the change in hormonal levels, as well as on the onset of early menopause.

The consequences of operational actions affect the functioning of the fallopian tubes, which do not produce hormones. Changes in the hormonal background occur after outside interference in the natural work of the ovaries, however, the operation in question does not concern them. Sterilization has no effect on ovulation and menstruation. The woman's body retains the ability to artificially fertilize.

Deciding on sterilization is a major challenge for a woman. It is necessary to approach this issue with all responsibility, giving an appropriate assessment of both the advantages and disadvantages of the procedure in question.

Female sterilization videos

Female sterilization is currently one of the methods to prevent unwanted pregnancies. But what are the consequences of such a procedure?

Purpose of female sterilization

Sterilization is carried out in order to prevent the penetration of the egg into the uterine cavity. For this, the patency of the uterine (fallopian) tubes is eliminated. Although the woman's ovaries then retain their function, the eggs produced during ovulation remain in the abdominal cavity and thus cannot combine with the sperm.

Reasons for female sterilization

Most often it is the unwillingness to have children. For example, a woman already has children.

The main advantage of tubal ligation is that after that no additional methods of protection are required. It also happens that sterilization is carried out for any medical reason.

Varieties of sterilization

The sterilization operation is performed surgically. There are the following types of such an operation.

Electrocoagulation. The obstruction of the tubes is created artificially using electrocautery forceps.

Partial or complete tube resection. This removes part of the fallopian tube or the tube itself.

Clipping of pipes. The pipes are clamped with special clamps made of non-absorbable hypoallergenic materials.

Surgery can be done by laparotomy (opening the abdomen) or

endoscopy. In the first case, tube resection or clamps are most often performed. In the second, electrocoagulation.

Who is sterilized for?

In Russia, women who have reached 35 years of age or have two children can undergo voluntary sterilization. True, if there is a medical indication for the procedure, all restrictions are removed.

Who is sterilization contraindicated for?

Contraindications for sterilization are: pregnancy, inflammatory diseases of the pelvic organs, as well as various sexually transmitted infections. It is undesirable to sterilize women who are overweight, suffering from active diabetes mellitus, chronic heart disease, adhesions and tumors in the pelvic region. It is not recommended to go to the procedure for women who are in a state of neurosis or suffering from depression, as they may at this time inadequately assess the situation.

Consequences of sterilization

It is believed that complications after a professionally performed procedure are extremely rare. However, it does happen. For example, there may be complications from general or local anesthesia; recanalization of the fallopian tubes; adhesions of the pelvic organs; ectopic pregnancy.

Foreign scientists note an increased risk of gynecological problems in women who have undergone a sterilization procedure. Thus, M.J. Muldoon, in the article "Gynecological Diseases After Sterilization," published in the British Medical Journal for January 8, 1972, reports that of 374 patients who underwent tubal ligation, 43% were subsequently forced to be treated for menorrhagia and others. menstrual irregularities, cervical erosion and ovarian tumors. 18.7% needed a hysterectomy - removal of the uterus. In some cases, the patency of the fallopian tubes was restored, and a second operation was required.

In 1979, a study by British physicians showed that after sterilization, women had a 40% increase in blood loss during menstruation, and 26% of them complained of increased pain during menstruation. Among 489 women with ligated tubes after 3.5 years, the incidence of cervical cancer was 3.5 times higher than the average, writes study author James J. Tappan (American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology).

But the main negative consequence of sterilization is its irreversibility. In some cases, restoration of the patency of the fallopian tubes is possible, but this is an extremely expensive plastic surgery that does not always give the desired result. Very often, a woman subsequently realizes that she made a mistake, voluntarily or under pressure from relatives, by agreeing to a procedure that deprives her of the possibility of childbearing. And this in the most negative way affects her mental state.

True, sterilization does not interfere with the IVF procedure. With appropriate medical supervision, a sterilized woman is quite capable of artificially conceiving and carrying a child, since the pipes are not involved in this process. However, as you know, artificial insemination does not give a 100% guarantee of conception.

Sterilization as a method of contraception is widely used in different countries of the world. It is a persistent method that is highly effective with no serious side effects.

Female sterilization

Female surgical sterilization, also called “tubal sterilization,” “tubal ligation,” and “tubal occlusion,” is a permanent method of contraception that offers lifelong (irreversible) protection against pregnancy.

Female sterilization blocks the fallopian tubes, thereby preventing sperm from reaching the egg. The ovaries continue to function normally: they release eggs, which break and are harmlessly absorbed by the body. Tubal sterilization is performed in a hospital or clinic under local or general anesthesia.
The uterus is a hollow, muscular organ located in the female pelvis behind the bladder and in front of the rectum. The ovaries produce eggs that pass through the fallopian (fallopian) tubes. Once the egg has left the ovary, it can be fertilized and the implant itself enters the uterine lining. From this point on, the main function of the uterus is to nourish the developing fetus before birth.

Sterilization does not cause menopause. Menstruation continues as before, usually with very little difference in length, regularity, etc. Sterilization also does not provide protection against sexually transmitted diseases.

Women who are very young;
- women who have the procedure immediately after vaginal birth;
- women who have had the procedure within 7 years after their youngest child;
- women with low material incomes.

Even when all these factors are present, a woman must consider all the options and carefully study all methods of contraception before settling on one, especially such irreversible as sterilization.

Uterine sterilization methods

- Laparoscopy Is the most common surgical approach for tubal sterilization. The procedure begins with a small incision in the abdomen, near the navel. The surgeon inserts a laparoscope into the narrow opening of the incision.

A second small incision is made directly above the pubic hair growth area - a sensor - a laparoscope - is also inserted there. As soon as the device reaches the tube, the surgeon closes them using various methods: clips, a tubular ring, or electrocautery (an electric current burns and destroys part of the tube).

Laparoscopy usually takes 20-30 minutes and causes minimal scarring. The patient was often able to return home the same day and can resume intercourse as soon as she feels ready for it.

- Minilaparotomy- does not use the device for examination and requires a small incision in the abdominal cavity. The pipes are tied and cut. Minilaparotomy is preferred for women who wish to be sterilized immediately after delivery, while laparoscopy is preferred at other times. A minilaparotomy is usually performed for about 30 minutes. Women who undergo minilaparotomy usually take several days to recover and, after consulting a doctor, resume intercourse.

This technique uses a small, coiled device to block the fallopian tubes. This procedure does not require incisions or general anesthesia. It can be done in a doctor's office and takes 40-45 minutes. A specially trained doctor uses a hysteroscope, which is inserted through the vagina into the uterus and then up into the fallopian tubes. Once the device is in place, it expands inside the fallopian tubes. Over the next three months, scar tissue forms around the device and blocks the tubes. This results in permanent sterilization.

Before sterilization, a woman must be absolutely sure that she never wants to have children again in the future, even if the circumstances of her life change. She should also be aware of the many available and effective contraceptive methods (and be warned about them by the doctor before surgery).

Possible reasons for choosing a sterilization procedure for women instead of reversible forms of contraception: unwillingness to have children and inability to use other methods of contraception; serious health problems that make pregnancy unsafe.

Benefits of female sterilization

Women who opt for sterilization no longer need to worry about pregnancy or deal with the distractions and possible side effects of contraception. Sterilization does not interfere with sexual desire or pleasure, and many people say that it actually improves sex by removing the fear of unwanted pregnancy.

Disadvantages and complications of female sterilization

Rarely, less than 1% of cases, when female sterilization may not work. More than half of the cases here are ectopic pregnancies requiring surgical treatment.
- After any procedure, a woman may feel tired, she may have dizziness, nausea, abdominal distention, etc. Usually, these symptoms disappear after 1-3 days.
- Serious complications from surgical sterilization of women are rare. These complications include bleeding, infection, or a reaction to the anesthetic.
Sterilization does not entail changes in physical condition, hormonal system or psyche. It should also be remembered that sterilization is protection against unplanned pregnancy, and not against sexually transmitted infections, including HIV. If there is a risk of infection, it is best to use a condom.

Can you get pregnant after tubal ligation?

If a woman changes her mind and wants to get pregnant, the reverse procedure is also possible, but it is very difficult and requires a highly qualified, experienced surgeon. Subsequent pregnancies after the restoration of the functions of the fallopian tubes depends on the skill of the surgeon, the age of the woman, and also slightly on her weight and the length of time between tubal ligation and the reverse scheme.

If both partners are in complete agreement in the marriage that they no longer want to have children, they should also consider a vasectomy. A vasectomy can be performed at any age. Young people should seriously consider whether they want to have children in the future.

Vasectomy, or male sterilization, is a form of contraception that involves bandaging or removing a portion of the vas deferens that transport sperm from the testicles to the penis. It is a fairly simple procedure that carries fewer risks and is less expensive than surgical sterilization for women.

Types of vasectomy

There are two different ways that sterilization can be done: traditional vasectomy and non-scalpel vasectomy. It is best to talk to your doctor and determine which type of vasectomy is best for you.

The traditional approach is to create two small incisions on both sides of the scrotum. Through them, the surgeon cuts the vas deferens or removes a small part of them, after which the ends of the ducts are tied, and the incisions in the scrotum are sutured. The same is done on the other side. The procedure is performed under local anesthesia, so that the patient does not feel any pain during the procedure. Only a few cases involve the use of general anesthesia.

A vasectomy without a scalpel is performed through a small puncture in the scrotum, slightly stretching the skin to reach the vas deferens, cuts them and ties the ends. This procedure is becoming more common due to fewer complications compared to traditional technology.

Benefits of a vasectomy

Permanent method of contraception
- Does not affect sex drive
- Does not reduce erection and orgasm sensation
- Does not alter sexual function
- Has no health consequences and long-term side effects
- High efficiency
- Does not affect the production of hormones by the testes

Disadvantages of a vasectomy

Does not protect against sexually transmitted diseases and HIV
- Spontaneous resumption of patency of the vas deferens (rare)

Is a vasectomy reversible?

A vasectomy is a reversible procedure, but it is a very complex and highly accurate procedure that requires a highly skilled surgeon. The success of the operation increased with the development and improvement of surgical techniques. The vas deferens are very small, so a special microscope is used to reconnect them.

However, the likelihood of success in resuming fertility after surgery will depend on the timing of the vasectomy. The success rate of the reverse procedure is only about 55% if performed within 10 years and 25% if performed after 10 years.

Sterilization of women - Artificial blockage of the lumen of the fallopian tubes in order to prevent pregnancy. This is one of the methods of female contraception, which guarantees the maximum, almost 100% protection against conceiving a child. After the procedure, the sex glands function in the same way as before the intervention: the woman has her period, libido and the possibility of obtaining sexual satisfaction remain.

There may be several reasons for female sterilization. In most cases, voluntary sterilization is a family planning method. This method is chosen by women and couples who do not intend to have children in the future.

Medical indications may be grounds for intervention. First of all, sterilization is recommended for women with diseases that are not compatible with bearing a fetus or using other methods of contraception. These include some cardiovascular pathologies, severe forms of diabetes mellitus, leukemia, malignant neoplasms in the organs of the female reproductive system. Sterilization is also offered to a woman if she already has two or more children who were born by cesarean section.

The law in Russia provides for the procedure to be carried out both at the request of a woman and by force. Article 57 of the Federal Law "On the Basics of Health Protection of Citizens in the Russian Federation" states that compulsory medical sterilization of incapacitated people is carried out either at the request of a guardian or by a court decision. All other cases of interference refer to human rights violations.

Contraindications

Sterilization of a woman cannot be carried out if the requirements of the current legislation are not observed. Medical institutions can accept patients for the procedure only upon written application. In this case, a woman must be over 35 years old or have at least two children.

If a woman has made a decision to sterilize, a preliminary medical examination is recommended. Only after the tests and examination of the doctor is it decided whether the operation can be performed. Surgical female sterilization has the following absolute contraindications:

• pregnancy;
• the presence of sexually transmitted infections;
• acute inflammatory processes of the reproductive system.

There are also relative contraindications that can affect the final conclusion of specialists about the possibility of sterilization. These include:

• pathologies associated with poor blood clotting;
• the presence of adhesions in the lumen of the fallopian tubes;
• severe obesity;
• some diseases of the cardiovascular system.

Points for and against

Before turning to this method of preventing unwanted pregnancy, a woman should familiarize herself with the features of the procedure, evaluate its advantages and disadvantages. Only then can you make the only correct decision for each specific situation.

pros

At the moment, human sterilization is recognized as the most reliable method of contraception. The probability of getting pregnant after the procedure does not exceed 0.01%. At the same time, blockage of the fallopian tubes in women does not affect the balance of hormones, the menstrual cycle, libido and the brightness of sensations during intimacy.

After sterilization, a woman cannot become pregnant naturally, but she does not lose the ability to bear a child, therefore, if necessary, the IVF procedure can be used.

The advantages of correctly performed sterilization include the absence of side effects and the minimum risk of complications.

Minuses

The main disadvantage of female sterilization is its relative complexity. Currently, thanks to the use of new medical technologies, it has been possible to significantly reduce the invasiveness of the procedure and practically eliminate complications and negative consequences for the female body. A small percentage of women who have undergone sterilization may subsequently have an ectopic pregnancy.

Some people (both men and women), after sterilization, have certain psychological problems associated with the realization of the impossibility of having children. In such cases, it is necessary to consult a professional psychologist.

Experts pay attention to the fact that a woman should make a decision about sterilization deliberately. The psychological state plays an important role in this. You should not make a choice during a period of depression or neurosis.

In order to correctly assess the arguments for and against, you can read a specialized forum with topics about the methods and consequences of female sterilization, watch video materials, get acquainted with the opinions of doctors and patients.

The ways

Female sterilization is done in several ways. The technique is selected taking into account the condition and wishes of the woman. Surgical intervention is traditionally used, however, if necessary, other types of reversible and irreversible sterilization can be used: chemical, radiation or hormonal.

Surgical

The choice of the method of intervention depends on whether it is a planned operation or it is performed during childbirth. A woman can undergo laparotomy (dissection of the peritoneal tissue), laparoscopy (access to the abdominal cavity through small punctures) or culdoscopy (access to the tubes through the vagina). The first method of sterilization was abandoned in most medical institutions. The exception is when a woman is undergoing a cesarean section, and after the child is removed, the tubes are ligated. Laparoscopic surgery makes it possible to minimize tissue damage and significantly reduce the duration of the rehabilitation period.

The following methods are used to directly block pipes:

• Electrocoagulation.

In this case, electrocoagulation forceps are applied to the tubes. As a result, the gaps are sealed. To prevent the restoration of patency after sterilization, an additional incision may be performed at the site of the instrument application.

• Resection.

This method of female sterilization involves partial or complete removal of tubes. The cut-off points are sutured, bandaged, or cauterized with forceps.

• Installing clips or clips.

The obstruction of the pipes is created by the imposition of rings, clips or other devices designed for this. They are made of hypoallergenic material that does not cause unwanted reactions from the female body.

Chemical

If a woman has contraindications to surgery, non-operative sterilization methods can be used. One of them is the use of chemicals. These can be medications that affect the production of sex hormones. Such sterilization is temporary and by its effect on the woman's body is similar to castration.

The second method of chemical sterilization is the introduction of special substances that form plugs into the lumen of the fallopian tubes. The technology has appeared relatively recently and refers to irreversible interventions.

Beam

Due to the presence of many side effects, ionizing radiation for female sterilization is used quite rarely and exclusively for medical reasons. The method in the overwhelming majority of cases is used to suppress the work of the female reproductive glands in the detection of hormone-dependent malignant tumors.

Hormonal

The most common temporary sterilization method is hormone-containing medications. As a result of the effect on the woman's body of hormonal contraceptives, the ovaries cease to perform their functions. When choosing this method, it should also be borne in mind that the terms of restoration of reproductive function with prolonged hormonal sterilization are from 1 to several years (it depends on the woman's age).

The complexity of the operation

The complexity of surgical sterilization of women depends on the method of intervention, the patient's health status and the presence of certain concomitant pathologies. Most clinics provide women with routine sterilization by laparoscopy, which practically leaves no scars on the body and makes it possible to recover in a short time.

If the operation takes place in proper conditions, and the manipulations are performed by an experienced doctor, the likelihood of a woman developing complications is minimal. That is why the correct choice of clinic is important for a successful outcome of the intervention. Before contacting a particular medical institution, find out if such operations are performed there, and also ask about the qualifications of doctors and how much the procedure costs. Reviews of women who have already used the services of the clinic will help determine the choice of a surgeon or gynecologist.

How long does the intervention last

Routine female sterilization, which is performed by laparoscopy, lasts an average of 30-40 minutes. During this time, the woman is anesthetized, punctures are made in the abdominal cavity for the introduction of the instrument, and the lumens of the fallopian tubes are blocked.

When chemicals or tubal implants are injected through the vagina, the procedure takes place in the doctor's office without the use of anesthetics and takes 10-20 minutes. You can find out more precisely how long the operation takes from the doctor who will perform the sterilization.

Procedure cost

The cost of the operation primarily depends on the way it is carried out. The cost of installing implants starts from 7,000 rubles, and sterilization by laparoscopic access - from 15,000 rubles. The total amount is affected by the need for additional examinations, analyzes, consultations with doctors.

When forming the cost of services, the level of qualifications of personnel, the availability of modern medical equipment and the quality of materials that are used during sterilization are also taken into account.

Preoperative period

Preparation for sterilization begins with a visit to a doctor and determining the most optimal time for intervention. This takes into account the time that has passed after childbirth or artificial termination of pregnancy, as well as the phase of the menstrual cycle.

After a preliminary examination of the woman, the doctor determines the need for additional diagnostics, on the basis of which he gives detailed recommendations regarding preparation in the preoperative period.

Postoperative period

In the absence of complications during the operation, a woman can be discharged from the hospital in 1-2 days (with planned intervention). Further rehabilitation can take place at home, but under the supervision of a doctor.

To prevent possible complications, a woman needs a lifestyle correction for some time after sterilization. The approximate recommendations are as follows:

• any physical activity should be avoided for 10-14 days;
• 2-3 days after surgical sterilization, do not take a bath or shower;
• a woman is allowed to resume sex life no earlier than after 4-5 days;
• certain care is required after sterilization for puncture sites: antiseptic treatment, installation of compresses to prevent swelling and bruising.

In the first days after sterilization, anesthetics may be required to relieve pain.

It should be remembered that some methods of sterilizing women do not give an instant effect and therefore, for a certain time, additional male or female contraception will be required. The doctor should inform the doctor about the need for protection and the duration of the recovery period before discharge.

Complications

The likelihood of complications during female surgical sterilization and in the postoperative period is low. Most often, women have hematomas, adverse reactions to the use of anesthetics, and the formation of adhesions in the small pelvis. Doctors attribute an ectopic pregnancy to the more dangerous consequences of sterilization.

According to statistics, one or another complication is recorded in less than 1% of patients. Despite the small likelihood of undesirable consequences, every woman who undergoes surgical sterilization should know what symptoms indicate the need for immediate medical attention.

Anxiety should be caused by a sharp increase in temperature, sudden weakness, the appearance of purulent or bloody discharge from punctures or vagina, increasing throbbing pain in the lower abdomen.

Sterilization performed by a qualified professional under appropriate conditions does not have negative consequences for a woman's physical health. That is why the popularity of this reliable and relatively safe method of preventing unwanted pregnancy is growing steadily in most countries of the world. The only drawback of sterilization is its irreversibility. If the procedure is not medically indicated, doctors advise women to carefully consider and weigh the pros and cons before making the final decision and sterilization. Even the slightest doubt about the correctness of the choice should be the reason for choosing another method of female or male contraception.

Contraception is very important in our world, because a modern woman is not only a mother and a housewife, but also a developing personality. Preventing unwanted pregnancies helps maintain sexual relations between partners, but at the same time exclude conception.

There are several ways to prevent unwanted pregnancies, such as the use of condoms, hormonal contraceptives, and intrauterine devices. All these methods are temporary contraception, they do not exclude future pregnancy. Another method of preventing pregnancy is tubal occlusion, we will consider it in more detail.

First of all, you need to understand what sterilization is in women. Medical female sterilization or tubal occlusion is a contraceptive method that involves the creation of obstruction of the fallopian tubes by surgery, this method of contraception is irreversible. Voluntary surgical sterilization of women in gynecology (DCS) is used in countries with a high birth rate, as well as at the request of women around the world.

Schematic representation of sterilization in women. Source: ntsanswerkey.com

Voluntary sterilization is indicated for women over 35 years old who have children and do not plan a child in the future, but want to have an active sex life. DXS is also recommended if, due to age, a woman cannot use hormonal contraceptives or the uterine spiral, then sterilization becomes an alternative. The procedure is recommended for patients with severe hereditary diseases, in which the birth of a healthy child is almost impossible.

There is such a thing as forced sterilization of women. This procedure is currently prohibited because it violates human rights. But a few years ago in China, a company was carried out in which forced sterilization of citizens who violated the state family planning program was carried out. Also, the procedure is still carried out illegally even in Russia in some psychiatric clinics, for which doctors are held accountable.

Pros and cons

Before you go for sterilization, you need to study all the pros and cons, learn about the consequences of the procedure. Consider the pros and cons of female sterilization.

Benefits:

• female sterilization allows you to permanently get rid of problems with contraception, you do not need to constantly buy pills, condoms or other contraceptives;
• the risk of inflammation of the appendages is reduced, since the occlusion of the tubes does not allow penetration of the infection;
• unlike hormonal uterine spirals and pills, the operation will not be able to provoke hormonal disruption, since the fallopian tubes do not in any way affect the hormonal background;
• the procedure does not make a woman completely sterile, ovulation is preserved, if desired, you can undergo IVF and become pregnant;
• the procedure is carried out once, does not require any repeated costs.

Disadvantages:

• Tubal occlusion will not protect against sexually transmitted infections, therefore, sex without condoms is allowed only with a stable and healthy partner, otherwise there is a need to use condoms.
• Another drawback is the irreversibility of the procedure, a woman will never be able to get pregnant naturally. If you want to have a child, you will have to undergo IVF, and such a procedure is expensive, and the result does not always come the first time.
• Medical sterilization of women is a surgical procedure that can lead to complications such as heart problems due to anesthesia, bleeding and infection in the genital area.

Due to the presence of significant shortcomings, the procedure is not recommended for young women who do not have children. You should not decide on DHS if your partner wants it because of the difficulties of contraception. It is worth remembering that a lot can change in life, so you should not chop off the shoulder and decide on a tubal occlusion if there are any doubts.

Contraindications

Medical female sterilization is an operation that has a number of contraindications:

• Pregnancy period;
• Gynecological pathologies in the acute stage;
• Infectious diseases;
• Diabetes;
• Adhesions in the small pelvis, in which the procedure is impossible;
• Umbilical hernia;
• Pathology of the cardiovascular system;
• Respiratory pathology;
• Intolerance to anesthesia;
• Oncology;
• Circulatory system problems.

Before carrying out the procedure, a woman must undergo a mandatory medical examination and make sure that she is healthy. If you ignore this advice and go for an operation with a heart disease or vascular pathology, you can significantly undermine your health.

Training

Before the procedure, a woman must visit a therapist and undergo a medical examination, in the antenatal clinic they appoint an ultrasound scan, smears, blood and urine tests. These diagnostic methods allow us to assess the condition of a woman, exclude oncology, infectious diseases. If any pathology is found, then first it will be necessary to cure it, only then the operation will be performed, or the doctor will select another method of contraception.

If there are no contraindications, then the patient is assigned the day of the operation, it is necessary to prepare for the procedure:

• no food should be taken 12 hours before the operation;
• the doctor cancels some drugs that a woman can take, so it is very important to inform about them;
• a week before the operation, you should not drink alcoholic beverages, it is better to quit smoking;
• it is necessary to completely exclude pregnancy, so it is better to abstain from sex.

Operation

Consider how women are sterilized. First of all, it should be noted that the operation is performed under general anesthesia, so the patient will not feel pain during the procedure.

Previously, women were sterilized using the classical method. The doctor made a large incision in the lower abdomen, about 20 cm. Manually ligated the fallopian tubes, after which the incision was sutured. After such an operation, a large scar remained, the suture healed for a long time and caused some inconvenience to the woman.

Currently, this method of DHS is used extremely rarely, except during a cesarean section, if a woman does not plan more children. Now the operation is performed by the method of laparoscopy - this is a minimally invasive method in which the doctor conducts all manipulations through 3 small holes, no more than 1 cm in size.

The procedure is performed using a small camera and surgical instruments that are inserted into the holes. After the procedure, there are no visible scars, the rehabilitation period is quick and painless.

Occlusion of the fallopian tubes is carried out in two ways, either the doctor will install a clip, which will obstruct the fallopian tubes, or will produce artificial adhesions using electrocoagulation. The second method is more reliable, since there are cases when the clip fell off and the fallopian tube was restored.

Many are interested in the question of how to make a woman sterilized for free, this is possible only during a cesarean section or other gynecological operation. In this case, you need to inform the doctor about your decision and the procedure will be carried out. The DXS method of laparoscopy is carried out only for a fee, such an operation is not included in the list of services provided under the compulsory medical insurance policy in Russia.

Rehabilitation

After surgery, patients are usually recommended to stay in the hospital for two or three days. In the first 2-3 weeks, it is forbidden to lift weights so that the seams do not disperse, and a woman can move within a couple of hours during laparoscopy or a day after a full operation.

The patient is forbidden to take a shower for the first three days, afterwards it is necessary to wash carefully so as not to wet the wounds. It is forbidden to take a bath until the stitches are completely healed.

Effects

Any woman who has thought about medical sterilization is sure to wonder what negative consequences she might have and how to prevent them. Since the procedure is a surgical intervention and it is irreversible, a conversation is held with a woman in any clinic, where the doctor must warn about the possible consequences:

• the impossibility of natural conception, fertility after tube occlusion is very difficult to return;
• complications after surgery;
• pain in the first days after the procedure;
• there is a small risk of ectopic pregnancy.

It is worth noting that this operation is quite serious, so it should be carried out by a qualified physician in a hospital setting. Otherwise, infection of internal organs with infection, bleeding and even death may occur. Therefore, in no case should you agree to an operation at home, or if you are not sure of the professionalism of the surgeon.

About sterilization (video)